1、UNIT 4UNIT 4HISTORY AND TRADITIONSHISTORY AND TRADITIONS重点单词短语讲练重点单词短语讲练1.surround vt.围绕;包围单句填空The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp,which (surround)by a high wire fenceSteve arrived and sat in the front row,surrounded his family.Determining where we are in relation to our (sur-round)remains
2、 an essential skill for our survivalwas surroundedbysurroundingsSurround (you)with uplifting individuals who chal-lenge you to be better while loving you for who you are,and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that description.句式升级The Swiss can feel secure because they are surr
3、ounded by Europe.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写),the Swiss can feel secure.yourselfSurrounded by Europe点拨点拨(1)surround sb./sth.with sb./sth.使某人/物包围某人/物surround oneself with sb./sth.喜欢结交(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西)be surrounded by.被包围(2)surrounding adj.周围的(3)surroundings n.环境2.charge n.收费;指控;主管 vt.收费;控告;充电 vi.向方向冲去单句填空At fir
4、st the price of single copies was seldom a pennyusually two or three cents was chargedand some of the older well-known papers (charge)five or six cents.(2019课标全国)The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and (charge)toward me.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is do
5、wn to$20,half of what it used (charge).chargedchargesto chargeDepending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements,extra charge may be made for providing special food.完成句子约翰,你会同意负责这项工作吗?John,will you agree to the work?(2020全国新高考)antake charge of同义句改写Police have charged Mr.Bell with murder.
6、(用accuse改写)Police murder.He is in charge of the class.The class him.(用The class作主语改写)He the class.(用He作主语改写)句式升级Mr.Bell,who is in charge of the class,by police.(用定语从句连接原句)have accused Mr.Bell ofis in the charge oftakes charge ofhas been charged with murder点拨点拨(1)charge sb.with(doing)sth.=accuse sb.o
7、f(doing)sth.指控某人犯罪charge sb.money for sth.因某物收某人钱(2)free of charge免费in the charge of被掌管;由负责in charge of掌管(强调状态)take charge of掌管(强调动作)易错(1)in charge of sth.意为“(某人)负责,掌管”,表示主动;in the charge of sb./in sb.s charge意为“(某事)由某人负责/掌管”,表示被动。(2)类似短语有:in possession of意为“占有”,表示主动;in the possession of意为“被占有”,表示被动
8、。in control of意为“管理,控制”,表示主动;in the control of意为“由管理/控制”,表示被动。3.announce vt.宣布;通知;声称单句填空Encourage readers to use the library.Share library (announcement)on your social media.(2020课标全国)He said the lucky woman will be (announce)on the website and the trip will be shared online.As the ceremony was near
9、ing the end,I suddenly heard the head coach (announce),“The highest honor goes to CathyannouncementsannouncedannouncingThe government yesterday announced the media plans to create a million new jobs.同义句改写 People announced that new speed restrictions would be introduced.(用it作形式主语)new speed restrictio
10、ns would be introduced.toIt was announced that点拨点拨(1)It is/was announced that.据称;据宣布announce to sb.sth./that.向某人宣布(2)announcement n.公告;宣布make an announcement下通知;宣布易错announce后不跟双宾语,即不能说announce sb.sth.,可以说announce to sb.sth.。类似不接双宾语的动词还有explain、say、report、describe、suggest、mention、express等。易混(1)announ
11、ce指把人们关心或感兴趣的事情公布于众,尤其是新闻之类的消息。(2)declare多指正式地当众发布某件大事、要闻或官方立场、态度等,常用于宣战、议和或宣判。4.approach n.方法;途径;接近 vt.接近;接洽;着手处理 vi.靠近赏句猜义If a child approaches him,he will pause to give that child his undivided atten-tion.(2019天津)She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning.We are finally wakin
12、g up to the severity of the problem by supporting and de-veloping a group of tools,apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.(2019北京)接近接洽方法However,here are some examples:being cut off in traffic,a deadline ap-proaching,experiencing physical pain,and much more.(2018北京)As I
13、 approached mile 23,I could see my wife waving a sign.(2018北京)A rethink is requiredand as a new approach starts to become apparent,two ideas stand out.接近接近方法单句填空I couldnt see Don,but as I (approach)the tractor he jumped out onto the road,apparently unhurt,and dashed back to me.In Bellevue,the switch
14、 to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new (approach).Chinas approach protecting its environment while feeding its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the banks Juergen Voegele.(2018课标全国)approachedapproachesto完成句子所以我慢慢地接近不速之客
15、,隔着栅栏,朝它脸上喷了一口。(approach)So I and,through the fence,sprayed him in the face.(2020浙江)approached our uninvited guest slowly点拨点拨(1)the approach of sth.某事的来临make an approach to要求;建议an approach to(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法(2)approach sb.about/for sth.就某事与某人接洽approach sb./sth.接近某人/某物联想just around/round the corne
16、r(时间上)临近地,马上,快要;(距离上)紧邻地,很近地5.crowd n.人群;一群人;民众 vt.挤满;使拥挤单句填空We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow crowd.And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.(2020天津)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a (crowd)mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosp
17、here of peace?(2019课标全国)thecrowdedAggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源)The city (crowd)with disappointed people with no in-terest in settling down,and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they le
18、ft Dawson City as quickly as they had come.(2018课标全国)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible (crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.(2017课标全国)withwas crowdedcrowds完成句子穿过一群人后,我终于找到了地铁的一个出口。After ,I finally found a exit of the subway.making my
19、way through a crowd of/crowds of people点拨点拨(1)a crowd of=crowds of一大群;一群人the crowd人群(2)crowd in/into(想法、问题等)涌上心头;涌入脑海crowd around/round(sb./sth.)聚集在某人/物周围;聚拢(3)crowded adj.拥挤的be crowded with充满,挤满易错crowd是集合名词,作主语时,如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数;如果强调个体,谓语动词用复数。类似的词还有family、class、team、government、compa-ny、group等。1.brea
20、k away(from sb./sth.)脱离;背叛;逃脱介、副词填空Jones idea has been fully realizedthe“HAPPY TO CHAT”benches help break the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.Breaking firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves:in time,one of them would become great again.d
21、ownupHer friends came to help her when the war broke.(2017浙江)I didnt know where to go and how to find courage to break the barriers that were holding me back.There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break the house.完成句子他去年脱离了我们公司,此后,我再也没有见过他。He last year,since then I have seen him no more
22、.outthroughintobroke away from our company点拨点拨break down打倒;分解;出故障break in强行进入;插嘴,打断break into强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生,爆发break through冲突;突破;克服;战胜break up拆开;结束2.belong to 属于单句填空And I have never known an average man who had both.The two (belong)together.First of all,uniforms help the sch
23、ool look smart.The students feel that they be-long a particular group.Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of (belong),a bond with others.(2018课标全国)belongtobelongingAdults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we of-ten ass
24、ume that more is more when it comes to kids and their (belong)?(2018课标全国)belongings一句多译老虎是一种大而凶猛的动物,属于猫科。A tiger is a large fierce animal the cat family.(现在分词短语作定语)A tiger is a large fierce animal the cat family.(定语从句)belonging towhich/that belongs to点拨点拨(1)belong vi.应在(某处);适应(2)belonging n.归属感a sen
25、se of belonging归属感(3)belongings n.财产;所有物易错belong to无被动语态,无进行时,后接名词或代词宾格。联想类似belong to,不能用于进行时态和被动语态的短语还有:date back to/date from(追溯到),consist of(包括),take place(发生)等。3.as well as 同(一样也);和;还单句填空Amy,as well as her brothers,(give)a warm wel-come when returning to the village last week.These advertise the
26、 presence of chicks to adults;they might also encourage our chick to start calling well.(2017课标全国)What does Mr.Li do?He works on newspapers as well as (teach)us English.was givenasteaches同义句改写The workers want to reduce working hours as well as increase their pay.,but they also want to reduce working
27、 hours.(用not only.but also.和倒装结构改写)Not only do the workers want to increase their pay点拨点拨(1)as well as用作连词,连接两个并列的成分,如名词、形容词等,通常不位于句首。(2)当主语含有as well as时,谓语动词要和as well as前面的主语在数上保持一致。类似用法的还有together with、along with、with、besides、but、ex-cept、including、rather than等。(3)as well as作介词,相当于besides、in additi
28、on to,意为“除之外(还有)”,后面通常接名词或动词-ing形式。(4)as well意为“也;又;而且”,相当于too、also。may/might as well表示委婉的建议,一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议,意为“不妨,还是吧”。1.if any省略句教材原句So what is the difference between them,if any?同义句改写And,having spoken to many of the worlds foremost AI researchers,I believe th-ere is good reason to doubt that we
29、 will see AGI any time soon,if ever.(2020北京)And,having spoken to many of the worlds foremost AI researchers,I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon,.(改成完整句)if there is everHas it been a while since your last visit to a public library?If so,you may be surprised to l
30、earn that libraries have changed for the better.Has it been a while since your last visit to a public library?,you may be surprised to learn that libraries have changed for the better.(改成完整句)If it is possible,you should try it once more.,you should try it once more.(改成省略句)If it is soIf possibleWash
31、it in water and pick out the small particles,if there are any.Wash it in water and pick out the small particles,.(改成省略句)完成句子如果你方便的话,我们8:30在校门口外面见面。如果不方便,让我知道什么时间最适合你。If its convenient for you,lets meet at 8:30 outside the school gate.if anyIf not,letme know what time suits you best点拨点拨该句中,if any相当于i
32、f there is any difference。当状语从句的主语是it/there be句型时,从句的主语和谓语部分的be或there be可以省略。联想if构成的其他省略形式:if so如果这样的话if ever如果曾经有的话if not如果不是的话if necessary如果必要的话if possible如果可能的话2.as引导状语从句教材原句The capital city London is a great place to start,as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back
33、to Roman times.单句填空When in Rome,do the Romans do.is known to us all/we all know,the earth goes around the sun.asAs同义句改写As/Though he is young,he has travelled to many countries.,he has travelled to many countries.(改为倒装句)Of course,our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasonsinclud-ing o
34、ther environmental influences or genetic factorsOf course,our brains can decline for lots of reasonsincluding other environmental influences or genetic factors.(with复合结构)Young as/though he iswith us growing older完成句子计划是好的,因为它详细地决定了我们如何做我们想做的事。(2016浙江)Planning is good .as it decides in detail how we do what we want to do点拨点拨(1)as表示“因为;由于”时,引导原因状语从句,其语气不如because强,通常为附加说明的理由,且是已知晓的原因。(2)as表示“虽然;尽管”时,引导让步状语从句,从句通常用倒装语序,即把从句的表语、状语或谓语中的实义动词放在as前面,可以用though替代。(3)as表示“按照;依照;像”时,引导方式状语从句,通常置于主句之后。(4)as表示“像一样”时,引导比较状语从句,对主句和从句的动作或状态加以比较,从句常省略与主句相同的部分。
