1、Unit 2Unit 2 Section B Learning about LanguageSection B Learning about Language 课前预习案课前预习案感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it，so I taught her how to cook it，too.2The first time that she had to write an essay，her tutor explained thatshe must acknowledge what other
2、people had saidif she cited their ideas，but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!3Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people.4At first，Xie Lei had no idea what she should say，but what surprised herwas thatshe found herself speaking up in class after just a few
3、 weeks.5What seemed strange beforenow appears quite normal to her.1以上各句都是主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。2引导宾语从句的从属连词that有时可以省略，如句1和句3；两个并列的宾语从句中，第二个that不可省略，如句2。3名词性从句可在句中作主语，如句4和句5。4名词性从句可在句中作表语，如句4。5名词性从句可在句中作同位语，如句4。Grammar 名词或名词短语可以在句中充当主语、表语、宾语、同位语。当这些名词或名词短语由一个句子替代时，就是名词性从句。名词性从句（Noun Cla
4、uses）是在句子中起名词作用的句子。根据在句中不同的语法功能，可以把名词性从句分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词Grammar1.连接代词：who，whose，whom，what，which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2.连接副词：when，where，why，how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3.连接词：that，whether，if，as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if(whether)，as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中
5、谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if(是否)，as if(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。Who will go is not important.2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not.3、that引导主语从句时，不作成分，不能省略。That he suddenly
6、fell ill last week made us surprised.4.用it作形式主语的常用句型 It+be+及物动词的过去分词+从句It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is believed that 人们相信 It+be+名词+从句It is a fact that 事实是It is good news that 是个好消息 It+be+形容词+从句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that 重要的是 It seems/appears/happens/+主语从句练习1.Every ye
7、ar,_ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.2._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.whoeverThat 宾语从句1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。I hope(that)everything is all right.宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。结构为：主语谓语宾语从句或介词宾语从句。I w
8、ill do what I can(do)to help him.我会尽我所能帮助他。Give a reading list to whoever comes.给所有来的人一份阅读书目。2、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。I wonder if it doesnt rain.用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解)宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就
9、不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether/if the report is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。It depends on whether we have enough time.They dont know whether to go there.P
10、lease come to see me if you have time.3、连接副词when,where,why,how引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作状语。We havent decided when well go hiking.4、连接代词 what,which,who,whom,whose引导宾语从句时，在从句中起代词的作用，可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。I dont know who will accompany you to the concert tonight.练习1.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not
11、 knowing _ she was heading.2.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to$20,half of _ it used to charge.3.Im not sure _ is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears out of nowhere.wherewhatwhich/who1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。The question was who could go t
12、here.2、表语从句的引导词与主语从句和宾语从句的引导词基本相同，但是if不能引导表语从句。3、连接词 that,whether引导表语从句，连接词一般不能省略。The question is whether we should recommend the goods to the shopkeeper.表语从句4、连接副词when,where,why,how 引导表语从句，连接词在从句中作状语、表语。That was how Peter got his bachelors degree.5、连接代词 what,which,who,whom,whose引导表语从句，连接词在从句中可作主语、表
13、语、宾语或定语。Thats what we want to purchase.6、有时 because,as if,as though 也可以引导表语从句。It looks as if you have made full preparations for the final exam.练习1.This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.2.By boat is the only way to get here,which is _ we arrived.3.Without
14、 his support,we wouldnt be _ we are now.whathowwhere同位语从句 在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，或说明前面名词的具体含义。I have no idea when he will be back.The fact that he had not said anything surpris
15、ed everybody.练习1.The opinion _ learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years.2.Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.thatthat 同位语从句定语从句功能解释说明名词表示的具体内容。说明名词的性质、特征、来源等。that不作成分，只起连接作用，不可省略。作主语、宾语或表语，起连接作用，并
16、且作从句的宾语时可省略。whether起连接作用，其中whether(是否)不作成分，而how和what作成分。不引导定语从句。how/whatwho作成分；起连接作用；有自己的含义，但与其修饰的名词无关。作成分；起连接作用；与先行词有一定的关系，如when的先行词为时间名词。whenwherewhy 同位语从句和定语从句的区别【当堂检测】【当堂检测】.单句语法填空1How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.2The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been inform
17、ed.3He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.4Scientists point out that the globe is getting warmer and warmer.5There is some doubt whether the sports meeting will be held on time.6Ive come with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.7It is necessary that a coll
18、ege student(should)master a foreign language.8We mostly had to rely on the radio or newspapers to know what was going on in the world.9We all consider it important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.10Though scientists arent sure what is causing this change，the publishers of the s
19、tudy think that its connected to rainfall.语法填空(用适当的连接词填空)I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing 11._ happened in my restaurant today.This afternoon a poorlydressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 12._ he was.We were surprised that he finished two orders of food in a very limited
20、time.We wondered 13._ he was so hungry.We doubted 14._ the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 15._we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 16._he took out of an envelopea million pound banknote.I asked Mr Clements 17._ it was genuine.Mr Clements said it
21、was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought 18._ the gentleman showed us couldnt be a fake.19_ a gentleman with a million pound note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldnt describe 20._
22、 excited I was.11.that 12.who 13.why 14.whether 15.if/whether 16.that 17.whether 18.what 19.That 20.how 【课后巩固案】【课后巩固案】完成句子1The young girl always thinks of how she can/how to do the work better.这个年轻的女孩总是在想怎样把工作做得更好。2Im not interested in whether they are in favor of/support me.我对他们是否支持我不感兴趣。3The reaso
23、n why she was absent was that her car broke down on the way.她缺席的原因是她的车在路上抛锚了。4What he said at the meeting made everyone present very surprised.他在会上说的话让在场的每个人都很惊讶。5It is reported that a great many boy students are addicted to computer games.据报道，很多男学生沉迷于电脑游戏。6The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.下午两点左右来了通知，说会议要延期。Thank you!
