1、高中英语高中英语Book 2 Unit 1Cultural relics grammarGrammarThe Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 朗读品朗读品“翻翻”（one）He has two sisters who are working in Yan Chi. (He has more than two sisters.) 他有他有两两个妹妹在盐池工作个妹妹在盐池工作。（two） He has two sisters, who are working in
2、Yan Chi(He has only two sisters.) 他有他有两两个妹妹个妹妹, 她们在盐池工作她们在盐池工作。以下以下两两个个句子之间只有句子之间只有一个逗号之差，一个逗号之差，意义大致相意义大致相投。投。（1）My brother will wear no shoes which will make him different from others. 我弟弟不会我弟弟不会穿一些使他显得与众不同穿一些使他显得与众不同的鞋子。的鞋子。 （2） My brother will wear no shoes, which will make him different from ot
3、hers. 我弟弟不穿鞋子我弟弟不穿鞋子, 这会使他显得与众不同。这会使他显得与众不同。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句He has two sisters, (who are working in Yan Chi).构成：构成：先行词先行词+,(逗点逗点)+关系词关系词+其他其他部分部分关系词的指关系词的指代作用代作用指人指人指物指物在定语从句中的作用在定语从句中的作用Who主语主语宾语宾语Whom宾语宾语Whichwhose主语主语 宾语宾语定语定语指代整个主句指代整个主句关系副词关系副词(where, when) 的指的指代作用代作用指地点指地点指时间指时间 在定语从句中的作用在定语从句
4、中的作用WhereWhen地点状语地点状语时间状语时间状语介词介词+whichtip注意注意:that, why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。As引导非限制性定语引导非限制性定语从句通常放在句子开头从句通常放在句子开头, 用于指用于指代整个的代整个的主句部分。通常翻译成主句部分。通常翻译成“正正如如”。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别从句的区别: : 1.限制性定语从句是限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语的定语, 如果去掉如果去掉, 主句的意思就不完整或主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的
5、关系十分密切，失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。的关系代词常可省略。如如:(1) What is the name of the tall boy who is standing there? 站在那边的站在那边的那个男孩叫那个男孩叫什么名字什么名字?(2)Australia is a country (that) I ve always wanted to visit. 澳大利亚澳大利亚是是我常想去参观的一我常想去参观的一个国家。个国家。2. 非限制性定语从句和主句关系非限制性定语从句和
6、主句关系不是十分不是十分密切密切, 只是只是对先行词作些对先行词作些附加的补充说明附加的补充说明, 如果去掉如果去掉, 主句主句的的意思依然比较清楚意思依然比较清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开逗号分开, 一般一般不用不用that来来引导引导。非限制性定语。非限制性定语从句中从句中, 关系词不可省略关系词不可省略。如。如：(1)Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has avery long history.意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。(2)Yesterday I met Teacher Zha
7、ng, who came from the University of Ning Xia. 昨天我昨天我遇见张老师遇见张老师, 他从他从是宁夏大学是宁夏大学来的。来的。(3)He lent me a Englishbook, which was just what I needed.他借给我一他借给我一本英语书本英语书, 这正是我所需要的。这正是我所需要的。3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语往往为某一个词或短语, 而特殊场合非限制性而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句, 此时非此时非限制
8、性定语从句常由限制性定语从句常由which引导。引导。eg. A student killed his teacher, which frightened me very much.一一个学生杀害了他的老师，个学生杀害了他的老师，这事令我十分恐惧。这事令我十分恐惧。分析分析: 从语境可知，令我恐惧的从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容是一个学生杀害了他的老师这内容是一个学生杀害了他的老师这整个一件事，整个一件事， 因此因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导引导定语从句。定语从句。eg. A 16-year-old girl can speak two foreign la
9、nguages, which surprises all the people present.一一个十六岁的女孩会说两个十六岁的女孩会说两门外语门外语, 令所有在场令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。的人感到非常惊讶。析析: 从语境可知从语境可知, 令所有在场的人感到惊讶令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是一的内容是一个十六岁的女孩会说两个十六岁的女孩会说两门外语这整个门外语这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。比较下列句子比较下列句子: : 1. His sister who is now a soldie
10、r always encourages his to go to college.他那个当兵的妹妹总是鼓励他上他那个当兵的妹妹总是鼓励他上大学。大学。(言外之意言外之意: 他还有其他妹妹他还有其他妹妹)His sister, who is now a soldier, always encourages herto go to college.他妹妹是他妹妹是当兵的当兵的, 她总是鼓励他她总是鼓励他上大学上大学。(言外之意言外之意: 他只有他只有一一个妹妹个妹妹)2. All the books that have pictures in them are well written.所有里面带
11、插图的书都写得很好。所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。(言外之意言外之意:不带插图的书则不一定写得好不带插图的书则不一定写得好)All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.所有的书都带插图所有的书都带插图, 这些书都写得这些书都写得很好。很好。(言外之意言外之意: 没有不带插图的书没有不带插图的书)小结一下小结一下当当我们在做我们在做非限制性定语从句的非限制性定语从句的练习的时候练习的时候, 往往先往往先确定先行确定先行词，然后再分析先行词词，然后再分析先行词在一个从句当中在一个从句当中的作用，再对关系词加以选择。的作用
12、，再对关系词加以选择。错问“摆”出1. Lin Hao is a hero, who we should learn.2. China got the most gold medals in the Olympics, that makes people excited.3. I dream of going to Beijing, which the 29th Olympic Games was held.1. Lin Hao is a hero, who we should learn.2. China got the most gold medals in the Olympics, t
13、hat makes people excited.3. I dream of going to Beijing, which the 29th Olympic Games was held.whofrom whomthatwhichwhichwhere/ in whichwho we should learn fromExercises1. Hangzhou is a beautiful city, _ people visit the famous West Lake.2. Beijing, _ is the capital of China, has a very long history
14、.3. _ is known to all, he is the best student.4. The young man had a new girl friend, _ is a pop star.where/in whichwhichAswho5. I should thank my teacher, with _ help, I solved the problem. 6. He once worked on the Birds Nest, _ _ his son is proud. whoseofwhich重点重点呈现呈现非限制性定语从句的构成非限制性定语从句的构成;关系代词关系代
15、词 which, whose, whom, who;as的用法的用法;关系副词关系副词where，when的应用的应用;禁止使用禁止使用: _, _ 1. The Beatles, _many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool A. what B. that C. how D. as 解析解析: D 本题考查非限制性定语从句本题考查非限制性定语从句, as可可 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句, 相当于相当于which。2. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels a
16、round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. what 解析解析: B 本题考察非限定性定语从句。本题考察非限定性定语从句。 as引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子，引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子， 意思是意思是“正如正如” ，as在从句中充当主语在从句中充当主语 时常用结构时常用结构: as is known, as is said, as is reported等，所以答案是等，所以答案是B。3. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surpri
17、se. A. it B. that C. whichD. he 解析解析: C 此为非限定性从句此为非限定性从句, 不能用不能用 that引导引导, 而用而用which。it 和和he 都使都使 后句成为句子后句成为句子, 两个独立的句子不能两个独立的句子不能 单以逗号连接单以逗号连接, 况且选况且选he句意不通。句意不通。1. She was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course, _ madethe others unhappy.A. which B. who C. this D. what2. After li
18、ving in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. when C. that D. whereA D 3. The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom4. Please take any seat _ is free. A. which B. where C. in which D. thatB D
19、 5. The old man has two sons, _ is a soldier. A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them6. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers (摩天大楼摩天大楼)_ has more than 100 storeys. A. the higher of them B. the highest of which C. the highest of them D. some of whichA B 读读看读读看, 下面的下面的句子能看明白吗句
20、子能看明白吗?1. 不懂装懂不懂装懂, 一事无一事无成。成。He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything, is indeed a good-for-nothing.2. 甘当小绵羊甘当小绵羊, 迟早要喂狼。迟早要喂狼。He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.3. 万事开头难。万事开头难。 Its the first step that costs.4. 千里之行千里之行, 始于足下。始于足下。 He who would climb that ladder must begin at the bottom.5.自满的人腹中空。自满的人腹中空。 He who is full of himself is very empty. 6. 闪光的未必都是金子。闪光的未必都是金子。 Not all that glitters is gold.Homework1. Review the grammar points;2. Finish exercises 1, 2, 3 and 4 on page 4;3. Preview using language.
