1、Discoving Useful Structures P29 新新人教选择性必修人教选择性必修Book 4 Unit 3 Sea ExplorationLeading-inTo contact them,I usually use Wechat or cellphone.Whats your way to reach out to your friends usually?Focus on these infinitives and figure out their uses.Infinitive used as the adverbial Infinitive used as the at
2、tributeFind all the sentences containing infinitives in the reading passage.1.To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion.2.Maro Polos tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.3.Here,merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade
3、 deals.4.The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade.5.Trading has grown greatly.and will continue to do so in years to come.6.As the adverbialAs the predicativeAs the objectAs the attributeAs the object complement Then mark their functions.As the subject复习动词不定式Review of the inf
4、initivePresentation一、动词不定式的时态与语态时 态主 动被 动意 义一般时进行时完成时完成进行时to doto be done表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后to be doing表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行to have doneto have been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前to have been doing表示其动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前并且一直在进行二、动词不定式的句法功能（一）不定式作主语 单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。To obey law is everyone
5、s duty.It is generous of him to contribute so much.形式主语形式主语真正主语真正主语（二）不定式作表语 不定式用作表语时放在系动词(be动词)之后，有时也 放在seem,remain等其他少数连系动词后。不定式作表语时表示的动作往往是具体的、一次性的 动作，特别是将来的动作。通常主语是表示“目的愿 望，梦想，需求”等的名词或what引导的主语从句。他似乎生病了。He seems to be ill.Her wish is to be a teacher.We are to meet at the station at three.她的愿望就是当
6、一名教师。我们约定3点钟在车站见面。（三）不定式作宾语 Want,agree等动词后跟并且只能跟动词不定式。在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。Amy wants to know more about the film.She agreed to sign the contract finally after a long negotiation.He finds it very difficult to stand on one foot for a long time.形式宾语形式宾语真正宾语真正宾语艾米想知道更多
7、关于这部电影的情况。在很长的谈判后，她最终同意签合同了。他发现长时间单足站立很困难。只能接只能接动词不定式动词不定式(作宾语作宾语)的动词的动词决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretendoffer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help（四）不定式作宾语补足语在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如：ask,want,invite,get,force,expect,allow,persuade,o
8、rder,warn,remind,prefer,cause,permit,forbid,advise,teach等。The teacher asked us to finish the work today.老师要我们今天完成工作。Can you remind me to phone Ann tomorrow?你能提醒我明天给安打个电话吗？不带to的不定式:用于使役动词let,make和have后面；用于感官动词feel,hear,see和watch等后面Nobody saw him come in.He made me move the car.注意：当其所在句子改为被动句时，动词不定式符号
9、“to”必须保留。The workers were made to work long hours.The thief was observed to enter the bank.You were seen to climb through the window.（五）不定式作定语不定式作定语，通常放在某些名词或代词后。There is no one to take care of her.He has a lot of books to read.I have a wish to go to college.Now it is time to begin our class.不定式作定语与
10、被修饰的名词或代词之间是主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系或修饰关系。主谓关系主谓关系动宾关系动宾关系同位关系同位关系修饰关系修饰关系 不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。The next train to arrive was from Shenzhen.He is always the first person to come and the last one to leave.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,
11、attempt,way等。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.Their decisionto leave wasveryannoying.（六）不定式作状语 动词不定式用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的原因、目的、结果。表目的表目的表结果表结果He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.We were very excited to hear the news.He hurried to the post office only to find it was
12、closed.表原因表原因Join the words to make sentences using infinitives.Then decide the function of each infinitive.PracticeEXAMPLE It is fun/visit an aquarium/in summer It is fun to visit an aquarium in summer.(S)1.He/encouraged me/participate in the surfing competition 2.The storm/seems/be getting closerH
13、e encourages me to participate in the surfing competition.(OC)The storm seems to be getting closer.(P)3.Magellan/was the first person/sail around the world4.The UN peacekeeping force/aims/maintain peace and prevent armed conflictsMagellan was the first person to sail around the world.(Attr)The UN pe
14、acekeeping force aims to maintain peace and prevent armed conflicts.(O)5.The crowd/stood/applaud/scientists/for their important ocean research workThe crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work.(Ad)6.It is a good idea/tax/plastic bottles/so that people use them less 7.
15、The Jiaolong manned submersible/is said/be able/reach 7 km underwater It is a good idea to tax plastic bottles so that people use them less.(Attr)The Jiaolong manned submersible is said to be able to reach 7 km underwater.(O;O)8.It remains/be seen/whether or not his capsule can workIt remains to be
16、seen whether or not his capsule can work.(O)完成以下句子。1.海伦在几天前借了我的书，答应我会马上还给我。Helen Borrowed my book the other day,_ _.2.解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。The best way _ is to depend on yourself.3.过中秋节的时候，家人们通常会团聚在一起吃饭，赏月和品尝月饼。During the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members often gather together _ _.promisingto return i
17、t soonto solve the problemto share a meal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes完成以下句子。4.对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。Its difficult for us _.5.我为自己是个中国人而骄傲。Im proud _.6.他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。He came here _.7.她是第一个获得这奖项的人。She was the first person _.8.李老师建议我们暑假读些英语小说。Miss Li advised us _ during the summer holiday.to finish
18、the workto be a Chineseto attend an important meetingto be awarded this prizeto read some English novelsRead the beginning of The Little Mermaid and use the proper forms of the verbs in brackets to fill in the blanks.Far out in the ocean,where the water is as clear as glass,lives the Sea King.The oc
19、ean is too deep _(measure).We may imagine there is nothing except yellow sand under the sea,but actually it is not rare _(see)the most unique flowers and plants _(dance)in the fast-moving water.In the deepest spot of all stands the Sea Kings castle,to measureto seedancingProductionwhich has walls of
20、 coral and a roof _(form)of beautiful shells.The mother of the king,a wise woman who is proud _(be)born into the royal family,takes care of his six daughters.Among the six sea-princesses,the youngest is the formedto beprettiest.Although she has delicate skin like a rose-leaf and eyes as blue as the
21、deepest sea,she has no feet but a fish tail just like her sisters.The most common way for the princesses _(play)all day long is _(swim)in the halls of the castle or among the flowers growing out of the walls,feeding and touching the fish _(swim)up to their hands through the windows.They seem _(not w
22、orry)about anything,except for the youngest,whoto playswimmingnot to worryswimming.who wants to see what life is like on land.She swims all the way to the surface and sees a large ship.It travels toward her at great speed and terrifies her.She swims below the surface of the water and just manages to swim away from the big ship.She now realises that it is a scary world outside of the ocean,and she decides to stay with her family and friends under the sea.
