1、别怕,人类总能战胜疾病课程导读人类漫长的发展史,一直伴随着同疾病、病毒的抗争。虽然多次遭到侵害,但人类还是顽强地生存繁衍下来,并最终消灭了众多传染病。目前这场武汉的肺炎,是人类在现代医疗科学加持之下再次面临的大考;相信最终胜利之时,它也将被载入史册。一起来读这篇人类对抗病毒史的文章。本篇课程首发于2020年1月28日文本难度:【原文及讲述备注】Disease evolution: our long history of fighting viruses疾病的演化:我们漫长的病毒斗争史A virus is essentially an information system (encoded in
2、 DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protective coat and shaped by evolution to ensure its own replication and survival.病毒本质上是一种经保护层包裹、通过进化重塑来确保自身复制和存活的信息系统(编码于DNA或RNA中)。备注:有的人不管啥情况,上来就上头孢哪些抗生素。Antiviral drugs tend to be unique for the particular virus, or closely related family of viruses. This has made th
3、em much less available than antibacterial drugs.抗病毒药物往往只针对特定病毒或与之紧密关联的“病毒家族”,这使得它们远比抗菌药物难以获得。备注:antibacterial drugs 抗菌药物,抗细菌,不抗病毒。antibiotics抗生素(其实是有区别的,但是日常与前者通用) antiviral drugs 抗病毒药物 (大家翘首期盼的)。无论是之前的非典,还是这次的肺炎,能做的就是做好预防,日常增强免疫力。Humans have a deep history of viral infections, but other than the mo
4、lecular analysis of current or recently circulating pathogens, the data is fragmentary.人类有着漫长的病毒感染史,然而其数据并不完整人们只对当前或最近传播的病原体进行过分子分析。That may change as researchers probe more ancient DNA from Egyptian mummies, where there is evidence of lethal tuberculosis and malaria (neither of which is viral) dati
5、ng 1,500 to 4,000 years back. The evidence so far suggests mummies suffered from smallpox and polio.这一情况或将有所改变。研究人员从埃及木乃伊身上检测到更多古代DNA,证实了致命肺结核和疟疾(两者均不是病毒性的)的出现可追溯至1500到4000年前。目前的证据表明,这些木乃伊生前曾患天花和小儿麻痹症。Using vaccination and other disease control measures, we have eliminated two virus infections that
6、have, through the ages, caused massive economic damage and loss of life: human smallpox (1980) and bovine rinderpest (2011).通过接种疫苗和其他疾病防控措施,我们已经消灭了两大传染病毒:感染人类的天花病毒(1980)和感染牛只的牛瘟病毒(2011)。长期以来,这两种病毒造成了巨大的经济损失和生命损失。备注:using 伴随状语,; Another scourge, polio, is close to eradication. But problems remain wit
7、h vaccine coverage (and the safety of the medical teams) in regions that are essentially war zones.另一祸害小儿麻痹症也几近根除。不过,一些战乱居多的地区仍存在疫苗覆盖率不足(以及医疗团队安全堪忧)的问题。本文选自the Conversation网站https:/ 是冠状病毒。一八有难 八方支援。面对疫情,全国各地,甚至海外华人都在捐赠物资,或以其它方式贡献自己的力量。共同面对。相信一定能尽快解决,找到解决办法。拓展:病毒肉眼看不见,但是在生态系统中非常活跃,无时无刻不在影响着地球的发展和演化。有
8、本书病毒星球, 让我们回到病毒本身,包括两面性,“毁灭”和“创造”,后来慢慢呈现出“有传染的物质的”含义,直到19世纪,它的 定义才成为我们现在所熟知的。人类的发展也是人类与病毒共存博弈的发展史,每一次的 人类都能克服。人类的医疗卫生水平也在提升。每一次对抗病毒的经验,都是人类发展survival。那么这一次武汉疫情,相信一定会能被克服,也会被载入史册。【生词好句】1. evolution UK /ivlun, evlun/ US /ivlun, evlun/ n. 进化the Law of Evolution 进化论2. essentially UK /senli/ US /senli/ a
9、dv. 本质上,根本上,基本上(fundamentally or basically)What hes saying is essentially true.他说的基本上是对的。3. a protective coat 保护层coat n. 外层物质;外套give the wall a coat of paint 给一堵墙上漆4. replication UK /replken/ US /replken/ n. 复制replicate v. 复制Computer viruses replicate themselves and are passed along from user to use
10、r.计算机病毒自我复制并从一个用户的计算机传到另一个用户的计算机上。5. antiviral UK /ntivarl/ US /ntivarl/ adj. 抗病毒的anti- 反抗的,对立的viral adj. 病毒的viral infection 病毒性感染sth. go viral 某物得到了病毒式传播His video has now gone viral with millions of views. 他的那段小视频得到了病毒式传播。6. antibacterial drugs 抗细菌药物7. molecular UK /mlekjl/ US /mlekjlr/ adj. 分子的mol
11、ecule n. 分子8. fragmentary UK /frmentri/ US /frmnteri/ adj. 零星的,不完整的 (existing only in small parts and not complete)fragment n. 碎片,碎块fragmented adj. 支离破碎的,分裂的This industry is highly fragmented.这个行业的集中度非常低。9. polio UK /pli/ US /polio/ n. 脊髓灰质炎(小儿麻痹症)10. smallpox UK /smlpks/ US /smlpks/ n. 天花11. probe
12、UK /prb/ US /prb/ vt. 探查,探测(to examine sth. with a tool, esp. in order to find sth. that is hidden)12. human smallpox 感染人类的天花病毒天花最早的预防方法:人痘接种法,我国在16世纪明朝时期发明,将天花患者身上结出来的痂,磨成粉,然后吹到接种者的鼻子里。18世纪末英国发明了危险性更小的牛痘接种法之前,人痘接种法也算是为人类防治天花做出了巨大的贡献。13. scourge UK /skd/ US /skrd/ n. 祸害,祸根,麻烦制造者(sth. or sb. that cau
13、ses great suffering or a lot of trouble)AIDS is described as the scourge of the modern world.艾滋病被称为现代社会的祸害。14. eradication UK /rdken/ US /rdken/ n. 根除,消灭eradicate v. 根除,消灭(to get rid of something completely or destroy something bad)15. vaccine UK /vksin/ US /vksin/ n. 疫苗vaccinate v. 接种疫苗vaccinate sb
14、. against sth. 给某人接种某疫苗All the children were vaccinated against the major childhood diseases.孩子们接种了预防主要儿童疾病的疫苗。vaccination n. 接种疫苗Vaccination against the flu is essential in the winter.在冬天打流感疫苗是非常有必要的。 Prevention is better than cure. 预防要比治疗好。An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.防患于未然。(一盎司的预防抵得上一磅的治疗。)