1、Section BUsing language.知识体系图解 重点词汇 1.n.种类;类型 2.adj.不熟悉的;不了解的 3.v.联系;联络 4.n.组织;团体;机构 5.adj.可能的;可能发生的 6.n.地铁 7.n.汽油 8.n.一套住房;公寓套房 typeunfamiliarcontactorganizationlikelysubwaygas/petrolapartment/flat9.highway n.10.motorway n.11.elevator n.12.context n.13.addition n.公路高速公路电梯;升降机上下文;语境 增加物;添加物重点短语1.相反
2、2.在加上 3.阻止做 4.被用作 5.使安静下来 6.be made up of 7.be referred to as 8.be short for e across e up with the other way roundadd.tostop.doingbe used ascalm down由构成/组成被称为是的缩写偶然遇到/发现提出,想出重点句式Some of the language used on the Internet is different to the language used in the other forms of communication.重点语法构词法.释
3、义匹配1.subway A.a liquid obtained from petroleum,used as fuel in car engines,etc.2.petrolB.a thing that is added to sth.else3.contactC.a group such as a club or business that has formed for a particular purpose4.additionD.the act of communication with sb.,especially regularly5.organizationE.an undergr
4、ound railway/railroad system in a city答案:1.E2.A3.D4.B5.C.把表格中前两栏的单词搭配组成合成词,并将其写在第三栏里第一栏.第二栏合成词down下面ball球foot脚cream奶酪out外面hearted有之心的ice冰melon瓜kind慈善的by经passer过路人town城镇water水quake震动egg鸡蛋plant植物earth地球work工作home家going去downtown市中心football足球outgoing外向的ice cream冰激凌kind-hearted心地善良的passer-by过路人watermelon
5、西瓜eggplant茄子earthquake 地震homework家庭作业重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习1.a friend that you contact by writing,traditionally using a pen(教材P17)一个你通过书写联系的朋友,传统上是用钢笔【词汇精讲】句中的contact是动词,意为“联系;联络”,contact也可作名词。I contacted my uncle as soon as I went to Beijing.我一到北京就和我的大伯联系上了。There is little contact between the two organiz
6、ations.这两个机构相互之间没有什么联系。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】have contact with与有联系stay/keep in contact(with)(与)保持联系in contact with与有联系lose contact with与失去联系Remember to keep in contact with me when you get there.到了那里记住要和我保持联系。You were the last person to have contact with him.你是最后一个与他有联系的人。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语
7、法随堂练习2.And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words.(教材P17)有时,一个单词是由几个单词的前几个字母构成的【词汇精讲】句中的be made up of是make up的被动式,表示“由构成;由组成”。This collection is made up of three parts:poems,essays and short stories.这本集子是由诗、散文和短篇小说三部分组合而成的。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】make up还有以下常考含义:(1)补上(失去的东西)
8、;做出补偿Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow?我今天下午早点儿走,明天补上这段时间,可以吗?(2)编造I think its very unkind of you to make up stories about him.我认为你编造他的谣言很不厚道。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(3)和好Mary and Joan quarreled,but made up after a while.玛丽和琼吵架了,但过了一会儿就和好了。(4)化妆;打扮The actors were making(themselv
9、es)up when we arrived.我们到达时,演员在化妆。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习短语区别be made up of由构成;由组成be made of“由制成的”,指在制成品中能看出原材料be made from“由制成的”,指在制成品中看不出原材料be made into被制成重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习3.“World Trade Organization”can be referred to as WTO,and ASAP is short for“as soon as possible”.(教材P17
10、)“世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization)”可以被称为WTO,ASAP是“尽可能快(as soon as possible)”的缩写词。【词汇精讲】be referred to as意为“被称为,被称作”,其主动形式为refer to.as.意为“把称作”。Teachers in kindergarten are sometimes referred to as leaders of children.幼儿园老师有时被称为孩子王。Gone are the days when people referred to women as the weak.人们称女性为弱者的日
11、子一去不复返了。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】reference n.提到;谈及;涉及;参考;查询;查阅reference book 参考书refer to 提到;涉及;参考;查阅refer.to.将提交给She made no reference to her illness but only to her future plans.她没有提到她的病,只说了她未来的计划。The incident in my childhood is often referred to.我小时候的那件事经常被人们提起。We must refer the patient to a speciali
12、st for treatment.我们必须把这个病人交给专科医生治疗。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【温馨提示】(1)refer to中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式;(2)referred to经常用作后置定语,修饰前面的主语,做题时需要通过分析句子结构,选择合适的谓语动词形式,切忌思维定式,只见木不见林。The book referred to was written by Han Han.被提到的那本书是韩寒写的。(3)refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都先双写“r”,再加上“-ed”或“-ing”。类似的词还有prefer。重点词汇重点句式重点语
13、法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习4.“World Trade Organization”can be referred to as WTO,and ASAP is short for“as soon as possible”.(教材P17)【词汇精讲】be short for意为“是的缩略/缩写”。IT is short for Information Technology.IT是信息技术的缩写。WTO is short for World Trade Organization,as we all know.众所周知,WTO是世界贸易组织的缩写。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇
14、拓展】short cut捷径,近路(be)short of 缺乏,不足cut short打断;缩减for short作为简称in short总之,简言之run short(of)缺少,快用完Taking the short cut will save us nearly a kilometre.抄近路走可以省却将近一千米。In short,there are many interesting and efficient ways to learn English.总之,学英语有很多有趣且高效的方法。My family ran short of cash month after month in
15、 those days.那些日子里我家月月闹饥荒。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习5.But that doesnt stop them having a friendly argument about which word is the“right”one!(教材P18)但这并不能阻止他们友好地争论哪个词是“正确的”!【词汇精讲】stop sb.from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”,在肯定句中from可以省略。Nothing can stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也不能
16、阻止我们执行这个计划。Who stopped you going to the concert last night?昨天晚上谁不让你去音乐会的?重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【词汇拓展】prevent.from.和keep.from.也有相同的意思,但需要注意的是在keep.from.短语中,介词from不能省略,因为keep sb.doing sth.的意思是“使某人一直做某事”。His father stopped/prevented/kept him from taking part in the sports meeting.他的爸爸阻止他参加运动会。Lets hurry.Dont
17、 keep him waiting.我们快一点,不要让他等着。【温馨提示】以上短语在被动语态中from均不可省去,而在主动语态中,与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习Some of the language used on the Internet is different to the language used in the other forms of communication.(教材P19)互联网上使用的一些语言与其他交流形式中使用的语言不同。【句式剖析】句中的used on the Internet和us
18、ed in the other forms of communication都是过去分词短语,分别作后置定语,修饰前面的the language。过去分词(短语)作定语,与所修饰词语之间通常存在被动关系;少数过去分词也可表示完成,不表被动。Have you read the novel written by Dickens?你读过狄更斯写的这本小说吗?He is a retired teacher loved and respected by all.他是一位受到大家爱戴和尊敬的退休教师。She is sweeping up the fallen leaves on the ground.她正
19、在打扫地上的落叶。(fallen表完成,不表被动)重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习【名师点睛】过去分词(短语)作定语的几个特征:(1)前置与后置的特征:单个的过去分词作定语一般要放在所修饰的名词之前,过去分词短语作定语要放在所修饰的名词之后。a used stamp一枚用过的邮票the letter sent to our manager那封寄给我们经理的信(2)展示出的时态特征:及物动词的过去分词含有被动或完成的含义。The government decided to rebuild the damaged bridge.政府决定重新修复那座被毁坏的大桥。The electric bicyc
20、le produced by our factory is of high quality.我们厂生产的电动自行车质量很好。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(3)扩展成句的特征:过去分词作定语时,可通过添加引导词和系动词be的适当形式,扩展为一个定语从句。What can I do to rescue the girl(who is)trapped in the big fire?我做些什么才能营救被困在大火中的女孩呢?重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习构词法英语的构词法主要有合成法(Compounding)、转化法(Conversion)、派生法(Derivat
21、ion)三种。一、合成法合成词是将两个或者两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列构成的新词。有的用连词符号“-”,有的直接写在一起,还有的由分开的两个词构成。合成名词名词+名词 weekend 周末cowboy 牛仔名词+动词 daybreak 黎明nightfall 黄昏名词+及物动词+er/orpain-killer 止痛药名词+介词+名词 editor-in-chief 总编辑副词+动词 outbreak 爆发outcome 结果重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习合成形容词名词+现在分词 English-speaking 讲英语的名词+to+名词 face-to-face 面对面的mouth-to
22、-mouth 口对口的名词+过去分词 man-made 人造的数词+名词+形容词 two-year-old 两岁的形容词+现在分词 good-looking 相貌好看的副词+过去分词 well-known 著名的合成动词副词+动词 overthrow 推翻合成介词副词+名词 inside 在里面介词+副词 within 在之内重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习二、转化法一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。如:(1)taste(v).taste(n.)It tastes good.它尝起来很好。It has a good taste.它味道很好。(2)hand(n.)hand(v.)Lets
23、 go hand in hand.让我们手拉手走。Please hand in your exercise books after class.请课后交上你的练习册。重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(3)clean(adj.)clean(v.)Her room is clean and tidy.她的房间干净又整洁。She cleans her room every day.她每天打扫房间。三、派生法在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。1.前缀除少数前缀外,前缀一般改变单词的意义,不改变词性;后缀一般改变词性,而不引起词义的变化。重点词汇重点句
24、式重点语法随堂练习前缀 例词un-unhappy不高兴的,unfair不公平的,unkind不善良的,uncertain不确定的,unacceptable不可接受的,unbelievable难以置信的im-impossible不可能的,impolite没礼貌的,impatient没有耐心的,imbalanced不平衡的in-incorrect不正确的,inexpensive廉价的,invisible看不见的,inconvenient不方便的dis-dishonest不诚实的,disabled残疾的,discouraged泄气的ir-irregular不规则的,irrelevant不相关的,ir
25、responsible不负责任的il-illegal非法的,illogical不合逻辑的re-rewrite重写,reconsider重新考虑,reuse再利用,recycle回收multi-multicultural多文化的,multichannel多渠道的tele-telephone电话,television电视kilo-kilometre千米,kilogram千克重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习2.后缀后缀通常会改变单词的词性,构成意义相近的其他词性;少数后缀还会改变词义,变为与原来词义相反的新词。(1)名词后缀名词后缀例词-ageshortshortage缺乏marrymarriage
26、 结婚-ance,-enceacceptacceptance接受existexistence存在-ancy,-encytendtendency倾向emergentemergency紧急情况-domfreefreedom自由wisewisdom 智慧 重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习名词后缀例词-er,-orcarrycarrier携带者operateoperator接线员-iantechniquetechnician技师physicsphysician医生-icationclassifyclassification分类-icseconomiceconomics经济学physicphysics物
27、理-ion,-ation,-itionsolutesolution解决办法describedescription 描述-istspecialspecialist专家pianopianist 钢琴师重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习名词后缀例词-ity/tyresponsibleresponsibility责任similarsimilarity相似-mentadvertiseadvertisement广告achieveachievement 成就-nessawareawareness意识calmcalmness平静-shiprelationrelationship关系friendfriendshi
28、p友谊-thwarmwarmth温暖truetruth真理-urefailfailure失败exposeexposure暴露重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习(2)形容词后缀 形容词后缀 例词-able/-iblecomfortable舒适的,knowledgeable有见识的;terrible可怕的,invisible看不见的-alnatural自然的,actual实际上的,general一般的,moral道德上的,official官方的-ant/-entimportant重要的,pleasant愉快的,absent缺席的,excellent优秀的-ed;-inginterested感兴趣的,
29、interesting有趣的,excited兴奋的,exciting令人兴奋的-erneastern东方的,southern南方的,western西方的,northern北方的重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习形容词后缀例词-fulbeautiful美丽的,colourful多彩的,powerful强大的,successful成功的-lessfearless无畏的,harmless无害的,useless无用的,hopeless没有希望的-lyfriendly友好的,lovely可爱的,lively活泼的,lonely孤独的-(i)oushumorous有幽默感的,harmonious和谐的,de
30、licious可口的,nervous紧张的-yfunny滑稽的,lucky幸运的,snowy下雪的,thirsty口渴的重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习.介词填空1.Compounds refer to words that are formed combining other words.答案:by2.The entire village was destroyed.It now looks entirely different the previous one.答案:from3.The new system is called IDEA,short Interactive Data Ele
31、ctronic Applications.答案:for重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习4.People who work in offices are usually referred to“white collar workers”.答案:as5.Take my friend Tom example.He is addicted to computer games.答案:for重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习.给下面单词加前缀或后缀构成新词1.change adj.不变的 答案:unchangeable2.like v.不喜欢 答案:dislike3.possible n.不可能 答案:impossibility4.friend adj.不友好的 答案:unfriendly重点词汇重点句式重点语法随堂练习5.work n.工人 答案:worker6.understand n.误会 答案:misunderstanding7.read v.误读 答案:misread8.translate n.翻译者 答案:translator
