1、Section AStarting out&Understanding ideas 核心词汇 词汇一refer to 提到，谈到；查阅，参考；涉及，关于 教材原句 What environmental problem does each cartoon refer to?每幅漫画都提到了什么环境问题？要点必记（1）refer to the dictionary 查字典refer to your notes 参考一下你的笔记 refer sth.to sb.把提交给 refer to sb./sth.as.称某人/某物是；认为某人/某物是 （2）for future reference 供日后参
2、考 单词积累 reference n.参考；推荐题组练领悟方法 单句语法填空（1）Who do you think the teacher is referring?（2）The scientist referred to the discovery the most exciting new development in this field.（3）Write down the phone number of that restaurant for future （refer）.单句写作（4）Some scientific stories this book （提及）have come tr
3、ue now.（5）When reading，youd better avoid （查阅字典）too often.（6）Coal （通常被称作）a fossil fuel.toasreferencerefers toreferring to your dictionaryis usually referred to as 词汇二 scare v.使（某人）惊恐，吓唬 教材原句 People have always been scared of sharks，but Jaws made things worse.人们一直害怕鲨鱼，但大白鲨让事情变得更糟。要点必记（1）It scares sb.t
4、o do sth.做某事使某人感到害怕。scare.away/off 把吓跑 scare sb.into doing sth.威胁/恐吓某人做某事 scare sb.to death 把某人吓得要死（2）scared adj.害怕的，恐惧的，担心的 be scared of doing sth.害怕做某事be scared of sth.害怕某物 be scared to do sth.害怕做某事be scared that.害怕 单句语法填空 （1）It scared me （think）I took a ship alone on the rough sea.（2）When we are
5、getting excited，angry or （scare），our bodies also go through many physical changes.（3）The researchers had to make a fire at the edge of the forest to scare wild animals at night.单句写作（4）Many customers have been （被吓得购买）organic food.（5）She _ _ _ _ _（害怕进入）the yard because she _ _ _ _ _（害怕被咬）by the big do
6、g lying at the gate.to thinkscaredaway/offscared into buying was scared to go intowas scared of being bitten 词汇三 cut off（1）切掉；砍掉；剪掉 （2）停止，中断（供给）（3）使与外界隔绝 教材原句 Finning is a type of fishing where sharks are caught and their fins cut off.割鳍是一种捕鱼方式，在这种捕鱼方式中，鲨鱼被捕获后，它们的鳍被割掉。要点必记 cut off ones long hair 剪掉某
7、人的长发 cut the fat off the meat 把这块肉上的肥肉切掉 cut off the gas/electricity/water 切断煤气供应/断电/断水 归纳拓展 cut down 砍倒；减少，缩减cut away 去掉；切掉；砍掉 cut out 裁剪；删去 cut up 切碎，剁碎cut in 插嘴，打断别人说话 cut across 抄近路穿过 cut through 开辟（通道）单句写作（1）The army （失去了联络）from its base.（2）Busy with his project，he felt _ _ _ _ _（与外界隔绝了）.单句语法填空
8、 （3）After his wife died，he cut himself completely from the rest of the world.（4）Charlie cuts the leather top of the shoe and shares the shoe with the other fellow.（5）She always focused on what her friend said and seldom cut .（6）Dont cut the tree that gives you shade.（7）We can gain some time if we cu
9、t this field.was cut off cut off from the outsideoff off indown across 词汇四 target（1）v.把作为目标（2）n.目标；对象；靶子 教材原句“Sharks dont target humans，”he said.“鲨鱼不以人类为目标，”他说。要点必记 be targeted at 以为目标 aim at a target 瞄准目标 set yourself targets 给你自己制定目标 hit/miss the target 中/脱靶 meet/achieve/reach a target 完成/达到目标 bec
10、ome the target for/of a lot of criticism 成了众矢之的 单句写作（1）The campaign clearly （以为目标）the young.（2）Only by working hard （你能实现目标）.（3）The plan doesnt sound very practical.It is bound to _（成为的对象）the attack.（4）（给你自己制定目标）that you can reasonably hope to achieve.is targeted at can you reach/meet/achieve your t
11、arget become the target of/forSet yourself targets 词汇五 fortunately adv.幸运地 教材原句 Fortunately，not everyone who watched the film Jaws became afraid of sharks.幸运的是，并不是所有看过电影大白鲨的人都害怕鲨鱼 要点必记（1）fortunately for sb.某人很幸运（作状语）（2）make a fortune 发大财 （3）be fortunate to do sth.幸运地做某事 单词积累 fortune n.运气；财富 fortunat
12、e adj.幸运的 unfortunate adj.不幸的 unfortunately adv.不幸地 单句语法填空（1）（fortunate），after six years hard work，he founded his own company.（2）Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea.（fortunate），neither of them could swim.（3）He went to Australia and soon made fortune.单句写作（4）I （很幸运找到一份工作）that I love.Fortunate
13、lyUnfortunatelyaam fortunate to find a job 词汇六 extinction n.灭绝，绝种 教材原句 Today，as we learn more about sharks，more people than ever want to protect them from extinction.今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解得越来越多，越来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭绝。要点必记 be close to extinction 濒临灭绝 protect.from extinction 保护免于灭绝 lead to the extinction of many anim
14、als 导致许多动物的灭绝 单词积累 extinct adj.已灭绝的 单句语法填空（1）In brief，the （extinct）of the dinosaurs occurred long before humans came into being.单句写作（2）According to Jack，it is global warming that leads to _ _ _ _ _（许多动物的灭绝）.（3）Conservationists are trying to _ _ _ _ _（保护鲸类以防止其灭绝）.（4）The species _ _ _ _（濒临灭绝）.extincti
15、onthe extinction ofmany animals preserve the whale from extinctionis close to extinction 词汇七 attitude n.（尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般）看法，态度教材原句.showing how attitudes towards sharks have changed.展示人们对鲨鱼的态度是如何变化的 要点必记an attitude to/towards 对的态度have/take a good/bad/positive/negative attitude to/towards对持好的/坏的/肯定的/
16、否定的态度an attitude of mind 心态问题change ones attitude 改变某人的态度一言助记As the saying goes，attitude determines altitude.Nothing is too difficult if you set your mind to it.俗话说，态度决定高度。世上无难事，只怕有心人。单句语法填空 （1）Only when you take a positive attitude the project will you enjoy the whole process.单句写作（2）I dislike him b
17、ecause he always _ _ _ _ _（对有不好的态度）the people around him.（3）People _ _ _ _ _ _（对生活有积极态度的）are more likely to succeed.（4）If you want to pass your exams youd better （改变你态度的）!change your attitudehas a bad attitude to/towardswith a positive attitude towards lifeto/towards 重点句式 句式一as 引导时间状语从句 教材原句 Today，a
18、s we learn more about sharks，more people than ever want to protect them from extinction.今天，随着我们对鲨鱼了解得越来越多，越来越多的人想要保护它们免于灭绝。句法分析as 表示“随着”，在句中引导时间状语从句。要点必记as 的含义及引导的从句：（1）当时，随着（引导时间状语从句）（2）由于，因为（引导原因状语从句）（3）正如，依照（引导方式状语从句）（4）尽管，虽然，即使（引导让步状语从句）（5）和一样（as.as比较状语从句）（6）as 作关系代词（引导定语从句）判断as 引导的是什么从句（1）As it
19、 was getting late，I turned around to start for home.（2）2017浙江11 月卷As you make reading a regular part of your life，youll understand the text better.（3）When in Rome，do as Romans do.（4）As is known to us，Nanjing is a famous city for her long history.（5）2018全国卷As I looked at his face，something occurred to me.（6）2012陕西卷Hot as the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.（7）Thats not as simple as it sounds.原因状语从句时间状语从句方式状语从句定语从句时间状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句
