1、CONFIDENTIAL1Intestinal health INTESTINAL INTEGRITY IN BROILERS:SHORT CONSIDERATIONS肉仔鸡肠道健康攻略肉仔鸡肠道健康攻略Dr.Enrico BoselliPhibro Animal HealthTeaneck,NJ,USA2013CONFIDENTIALIntestinal tissue in broiler represents about 5%of body weight,but requires:肉鸡肉鸡肠道组织重量约占其体重的肠道组织重量约占其体重的5%，但需要消耗的是：，但需要消耗的是：15-30%o
2、f protein ingested(Gaskins,2001)15%-30%蛋白质蛋白质(Gaskins,2001)20%of gross energy ingested 20%的的总能总能due to high renewal rate and to the intense cells metabolic activity(McBride&Kelly,1990)原因：原因：细胞更新快速细胞更新快速和细胞和细胞新陈代谢活动活跃新陈代谢活动活跃(McBride&Kelly,1990)Gastro intestinal tract 胃肠道胃肠道2013Intestinal health2CONF
3、IDENTIAL Several infective and not-infective agents can damage the mucosa layers of the gastro-intestinal tract,thus affecting the digestive and absorption process (Ito et al.,2000)许多传染性和非传染性许多传染性和非传染性因素损害胃肠道粘膜，从而影响消化和吸收因素损害胃肠道粘膜，从而影响消化和吸收(Ito et al.,2000)MICRO-ORGANISMS微微生物生物Bacteria 细菌细菌Protozoa 原
4、虫原虫Viruses 病毒病毒Fungi 霉菌霉菌FEEDING饲料饲料Phytates植酸盐植酸盐Haemagglutinin血凝素血凝素NSPs非淀粉多糖非淀粉多糖Tannins单宁单宁Peroxides过氧化物过氧化物Mycotoxins霉菌毒素霉菌毒素Biogenic amines生物胺生物胺Physical form饲料物理形态饲料物理形态MANAGEMENT饲养管理饲养管理Fasting after disclosure 出壳后禁食出壳后禁食Cycling Temperature 舍温舍温Gastro intestinal tract:the challenges胃肠道面临着挑战胃
5、肠道面临着挑战2013Intestinal health3CONFIDENTIAL4Intestinal healthMANAGEMENT:FASTING AFTER DISCLOSURE饲养管理：出壳后禁食饲养管理：出壳后禁食2013CONFIDENTIALSome practices adopted at first day after hatching can affect chick development,especially the following systems:实践证明，出壳后第实践证明，出壳后第一天的饲喂方式影响雏鸡生长发育，尤其是以下系统的发育：一天的饲喂方式影响雏鸡生
6、长发育，尤其是以下系统的发育：digestive 消化系统消化系统 immune免疫系统免疫系统 thermo regulatory体温调节系统体温调节系统When chicks in post-hatching period are not properly managed,significant loss in global production can occur.若雏鸡在出壳后饲喂方式不妥当，会造成整个生产周期的严重损失。若雏鸡在出壳后饲喂方式不妥当，会造成整个生产周期的严重损失。Fasting after disclosure出壳后禁食出壳后禁食2013Intestinal heal
7、th5A.Maiorka et al.CONFIDENTIALKey factors are also interactions with:影响肉仔鸡生产性能的其他因素：影响肉仔鸡生产性能的其他因素：Breeder age繁殖日龄繁殖日龄Post-hatching weight 出壳重出壳重Diet nutrients日粮营养日粮营养Water quality水质水质Management饲养管理饲养管理Temperature温度温度Humidity湿度湿度Fasting after disclosure出壳后禁食出壳后禁食2013Intestinal health6A.Maiorka et a
8、l.CONFIDENTIALAt hatching the digestive system is complete,but not functional在小鸡出在小鸡出壳时，其消化系统就是完整的，只是不具备任何功能性壳时，其消化系统就是完整的，只是不具备任何功能性Assuring feed and water at hatching will allow a fast and regular development of the intestine structure出壳后立即供给饲料和水，可使肠道出壳后立即供给饲料和水，可使肠道组织快速且规律地发育组织快速且规律地发育The complet
9、e adaptation of the gastro intestinal tract to exogenous diet requires 3-4 days胃肠道需要胃肠道需要3-4天才能完全发育至适应外源饲料的状态天才能完全发育至适应外源饲料的状态Disaccharides？activity during embryo development is extremely limited,due to low carbohydrates reserves,but increases by 4 times in the first two days of life and is extremel
10、y susceptible to diet composition 胚胎发育期，二糖酶活性极低，因为碳水化合物的储备低；但是出壳后胚胎发育期，二糖酶活性极低，因为碳水化合物的储备低；但是出壳后2天内天内活力会提高活力会提高4倍，完全可以适应日粮成分倍，完全可以适应日粮成分Fasting after disclosure出壳后禁食出壳后禁食2013Intestinal health7Maiorka,MoranCONFIDENTIALNot all eggs hatch at the same time;delays of 24-36 hours can occur;if transport ti
11、me is added 48 hours fasting chick will use the yolk sac resources不是不是所有的蛋都在同所有的蛋都在同一时间入孵；一时间入孵；有的会延迟有的会延迟24-36小时；若运输时间增加小时；若运输时间增加 禁食禁食48小时小时 雏鸡会动用卵黄囊内的营养储备雏鸡会动用卵黄囊内的营养储备This can theoretically provide 9 kcal,while the baby chick requires at least 11 kcal,in the first day negative balance理论上，卵黄囊储备可提
12、供理论上，卵黄囊储备可提供9大卡能量，但大卡能量，但是这段时间雏鸡机体至少需要是这段时间雏鸡机体至少需要11大卡能量，出壳后第一天大卡能量，出壳后第一天 负平衡负平衡Chicks receiving feed at hatch use reserves of yolk sac in a much faster way,compared to chick deprived of feed与雏鸡出壳后禁食相比，立即进食可以使雏鸡以更与雏鸡出壳后禁食相比，立即进食可以使雏鸡以更有效更快速的方式利用卵黄囊储备有效更快速的方式利用卵黄囊储备Using yolk sac nutrients also di
13、verts resources from developing the immune system 动用卵黄囊储备也把用于免疫器官发育的营养转移了动用卵黄囊储备也把用于免疫器官发育的营养转移了Fasting after disclosure出壳后禁食出壳后禁食2013Intestinal health8A.Maiorka,Master Intestine QualityCONFIDENTIALSmall Intestine villi小肠绒毛小肠绒毛2013Intestinal health9A.Maiorka,Master Intestine QualitySmall intestine a
14、t hatch刚出壳时小肠绒毛刚出壳时小肠绒毛Small intestine at 3 days孵化后第孵化后第3天小肠绒毛天小肠绒毛CONFIDENTIALEffect of fasting after disclosure on small intestine villi出壳后禁食对小肠绒毛的影响出壳后禁食对小肠绒毛的影响2013Intestinal health10A.Maiorka,Master Intestine QualityFeed available进食进食Fasting禁食禁食NoImageCONFIDENTIALAfter disclosure the major part
15、 of dietary protein and energy are devoted to the development of the gastro intestinal tract出壳后，出壳后，日粮蛋白质和能量主要用于胃肠道系统的发育日粮蛋白质和能量主要用于胃肠道系统的发育During the first week of life the intestine increases his size by 200%,if chicks are fed at hatch,but only by 60%,when deprived of feed若出壳后进食，第一周雏鸡肠道长度增加若出壳后进食，
16、第一周雏鸡肠道长度增加200%；若禁食，则只；若禁食，则只增加增加60%Chicks receiving feed at disclosure have 11%more live weight at day 40,when compared to chicks deprived of feed与雏鸡出壳后禁与雏鸡出壳后禁食相比，进食雏鸡的食相比，进食雏鸡的40日龄活体重会增加日龄活体重会增加11%Fasting after disclosure出壳后禁食出壳后禁食2013Intestinal health11Noy et al.CONFIDENTIAL122013Effect of fasti
17、ng on body weight(BW)loose or gain in day old chick禁食对出壳雏鸡体重损失或增重的影响禁食对出壳雏鸡体重损失或增重的影响 A.Maiorka,Master Intestine Quality%出壳后出壳后24小时体重损失小时体重损失出壳后出壳后72小时增重小时增重进食进食禁食禁食CONFIDENTIAL132013Take care of them!悉心照料雏鸡！悉心照料雏鸡！CONFIDENTIAL14Intestinal healthMANAGEMENT:CYCLING TEMPERATURES饲养管理：舍温饲养管理：舍温2013CONFI
18、DENTIAL152013Effect of cycling temperatures on jejunum flora in broiler舍温对肉舍温对肉 鸡空肠微生态区系的影响鸡空肠微生态区系的影响 Suzuky et al.days38 C#microbes log10/g细菌细菌log10/克克20 C38 C20 C日龄日龄乳酸菌乳酸菌链球菌链球菌+葡萄葡萄球菌球菌CONFIDENTIAL162013Effect of cycling temperatures on duodenal flora in broiler(35 days)舍温对肉仔鸡十二指肠微舍温对肉仔鸡十二指肠微生态
19、区系的影响生态区系的影响（35日龄）日龄）Suzuky et al.Mean log of bacterial count/g contents菌数菌数log均值均值/g内内容物容物25 C35 CStreptococcus链球菌链球菌3.30 a6.09 bStaphylococcus葡萄球菌葡萄球菌2.73 a6.21 bLactobacillus乳酸菌乳酸菌7.25 a6.96 aClostridium产气荚膜梭菌产气荚膜梭菌2.82 a5.10 bTotal aerobes需氧菌需氧菌4.01 a6.72 bTotal anaerobes厌氧菌厌氧菌7.21 a7.02 aP 0.01
20、CONFIDENTIAL17Intestinal healthFEEDING:饲料饲料Phytates植酸盐植酸盐Haemagglutinin血凝素（植物凝集素）血凝素（植物凝集素）Non Starch Polysaccharides非淀粉多糖非淀粉多糖Tannins单宁单宁Peroxides过氧化物过氧化物Micotoxins霉菌毒素霉菌毒素Biogenic amines生物胺生物胺Physical form物理形态物理形态2013CONFIDENTIAL18Intestinal healthFEEDING:PHYTATES饲料：植酸盐饲料：植酸盐2013CONFIDENTIALPhytat
21、e can constitute up to 2%of weight in cereals and leguminous植酸盐占谷物和植酸盐占谷物和豆科植物重量的豆科植物重量的2%About 70%of dietary P is present as phytate大约大约70%植物中的磷以植酸盐的形式存在植物中的磷以植酸盐的形式存在Phytate is phytic acid salt,myo-inositol ring,associated with up to 6 phosphate anions(IP6 =1,2,3,4,5,6 hexakis dihydrogen phosphate
22、)植酸盐是肌醇六磷酸盐，肌醇植酸盐是肌醇六磷酸盐，肌醇环结合环结合6个磷酸根离子个磷酸根离子(IP6 =1,2,3,4,5,6 六磷酸二氢酯六磷酸二氢酯)Is generated during the maturation process产生于植物成熟时产生于植物成熟时Hydrolysis of bonds phosphate:inositol ring is necessary for absorption硫酸根的水硫酸根的水解：吸收过程必不可少的物质是肌醇环解：吸收过程必不可少的物质是肌醇环Broiler do not posses effective phytase肉仔鸡胃肠道不能分泌有
23、效的植酸酶肉仔鸡胃肠道不能分泌有效的植酸酶Phytates植酸盐植酸盐2013Intestinal health19Cowieson,Nunes,Dari,SelleCONFIDENTIALCan generate complexes with:可与以下物质结合产生复合物：可与以下物质结合产生复合物：-minerals(Ca,Na,Zn,Cu,Mg,Fe,Mn)矿物质（矿物质（(Ca,Na,Zn,Cu,Mg,Fe,Mn)-amino acids氨基酸氨基酸-carbohydrates 碳水化合物碳水化合物Negative effect on:对如下过程产生不利影响：对如下过程产生不利影响：-e
24、nzymatic activity(amylases,proteases)酶活（淀粉酶、蛋白酶）酶活（淀粉酶、蛋白酶）-energy and protein metabolism/availability能量和蛋白代谢能量和蛋白代谢/利用率利用率-Ca+phytate complex+fatty acids not soluble soaps钙钙+植酸盐复合植酸盐复合物物+脂肪酸脂肪酸 不溶性的脂肪酸盐不溶性的脂肪酸盐Phytates植酸盐植酸盐2013Intestinal health20Cowieson,Nunes,Dari,SelleCONFIDENTIALCrop 嗉囊嗉囊Proven
25、triculus腺胃腺胃Gizzard肌胃肌胃Proteins and Phytates in diet日粮中的蛋白和植酸盐日粮中的蛋白和植酸盐Low pH=formation of complex phytates+protein低低pH=形成植酸盐形成植酸盐+蛋白复合物蛋白复合物High secretion of HCl and pepsine HCl和胃蛋白酶大量分泌和胃蛋白酶大量分泌Extra secretion of mucine 粘液蛋白的过量分泌粘液蛋白的过量分泌Duodenum十二指肠十二指肠Jejunum空肠空肠leum回肠回肠Low pH secretion of NaHC
26、O3 pancreatic enzymes低低pH-NaHCO3 分泌分泌 胰蛋白酶胰蛋白酶Increase of Na in intestine小肠小肠Na浓度提高浓度提高Reduced activity of Na-K-ATPase降低降低Na-K-ATP酶活性酶活性Reduced transport of nutrients(glucose and AA)降低降低营养物质（葡萄糖和氨基酸）的转运速度营养物质（葡萄糖和氨基酸）的转运速度Increased production of mucine in intestine增加肠内增加肠内粘液蛋白分泌量粘液蛋白分泌量Increased flu
27、x of endogenous AA,minerals and energy提高内源氨基酸，矿物质和能量分泌量提高内源氨基酸，矿物质和能量分泌量Increase in loss of endogenous nutrients 内源营养素流失增加内源营养素流失增加Growth of micro organisms(increased protein in intestine)细菌细菌增殖（肠内蛋白质含量增加）增殖（肠内蛋白质含量增加）Cowieson et al.,2009Phytates植酸盐植酸盐Colon结肠结肠2013Intestinal health21CONFIDENTIALSial
28、ic acid are compounds of the oligosaccharide units of glycoproteins and mucins唾液酸是由糖蛋白和粘蛋白这类低聚糖复合而成的唾液酸是由糖蛋白和粘蛋白这类低聚糖复合而成的Mucins play a key role in maintaining the integrity of the gastro-intestinal tract粘蛋白在维持胃肠道完整性方面起着至关重要的作用粘蛋白在维持胃肠道完整性方面起着至关重要的作用Glycoproteins containing sialic acid are constitue
29、nt of plasma membrane组成唾液酸的糖蛋白是胞浆膜的成分组成唾液酸的糖蛋白是胞浆膜的成分No sialic acid was fed to birds in study indication of excess endogenous production of mucins 在研究中，禽类不饲喂唾液酸在研究中，禽类不饲喂唾液酸 内源内源粘蛋白产生过量粘蛋白产生过量Phytates植酸盐植酸盐2013Intestinal health22Cowieson et al.CONFIDENTIAL232013Sialic acid mg唾液酸唾液酸mgCowieson et al.E
30、ffect of IP6 on sialic acid excretionIP6对唾液酸分泌的影响对唾液酸分泌的影响+185%-54%P0.01aabcb对照组对照组植酸酶植酸酶IP6植酸酶植酸酶+IP6CONFIDENTIAL242013mg/kg DM intake mg/kg摄入摄入DMCowieson,Ravindran,SelleEffect of phytic acid(PA)and bacterial enzyme on ileal endogenous flow of some amino acids植酸（植酸（PA）和细菌酶对回肠内源性氨基酸流的影响）和细菌酶对回肠内源性氨基
31、酸流的影响P0.05abcabcabcabc对照组对照组PAPA+酶酶异亮氨酸异亮氨酸亮氨酸亮氨酸苯丙氨酸苯丙氨酸赖氨酸赖氨酸CONFIDENTIALDietary phytate has the capacity to influence secretion and absorption dynamics in the gastro-intestinal tract 饲料中的植酸盐影响胃肠道分泌和吸饲料中的植酸盐影响胃肠道分泌和吸收功能收功能This is most probably due to the reactive nature of phytate and electrostati
32、c aggregation of dietary protein主要是由于植酸盐和饲料中的蛋白主要是由于植酸盐和饲料中的蛋白质发生静电聚集质发生静电聚集1 g of phytate can bind 10 g of protein up to 50%of dietary protein level can be negatively influenced by the phytate:protein complex formation 1g植酸盐可以结合植酸盐可以结合10g蛋白质蛋白质 植酸盐：蛋白质的复合物对植酸盐：蛋白质的复合物对50%以上的日粮蛋白质产生不良影响以上的日粮蛋白质产生不良影
33、响The loss of endogenous protein has a direct effect on the digestible energy value of the diet内源蛋白质损失直接影响日粮消化能内源蛋白质损失直接影响日粮消化能Phytates:effect on endogenous loss植酸盐：对内源损失的影响植酸盐：对内源损失的影响 2013Intestinal health25Cowieson&RavindranCONFIDENTIAL26Intestinal healthFEEDING:HEMAGGLUTINS饲料：血凝素饲料：血凝素2013CONFIDE
34、NTIALBorges et al.Cheeke,MaenzHemagglutins(lectins)are glycoprotein present in many vegetables,especially in Phaseolus spp.血凝素（植物凝集素）是一种糖蛋白，存在于多种血凝素（植物凝集素）是一种糖蛋白，存在于多种植物，特别是菜豆中植物，特别是菜豆中The definition“hemagglutin”is due to the capacity to agglutinate erytrocites of various spp.“血凝素血凝素”-各种豆科植物使血细胞凝结的能
35、力各种豆科植物使血细胞凝结的能力They react with the intestine mucosa,causing severe damage,impaired nutrient absorption and poor growth与肠粘膜反应，导致严重的粘膜损伤，影与肠粘膜反应，导致严重的粘膜损伤，影响营养物质吸收、引起生长受阻响营养物质吸收、引起生长受阻60%of soybean lectins get intact into small intestine link with carbohydrates of cell membrane micro villi distructio
36、n and increased turnover of intestine cells 60%大豆凝集素可以完整大豆凝集素可以完整到达小肠到达小肠 与细胞膜上的碳水化合物结合与细胞膜上的碳水化合物结合 微绒毛损伤，小肠细胞周转率微绒毛损伤，小肠细胞周转率加快加快Hemagglutins(lectins)血凝素（植物凝集素）血凝素（植物凝集素）2013Intestinal health27CONFIDENTIALThey can also link with carbohydrates present in the intestine mucosa:凝集素也能与小肠粘膜上的碳水化合物结合：凝集素
37、也能与小肠粘膜上的碳水化合物结合：Breaking of the intestinal ephytelium reduced villi height/surface破坏小肠上皮细胞破坏小肠上皮细胞 降低绒毛高度降低绒毛高度/表面积表面积Changes in the enzymatic activity of the mucosa of the brush border刷状缘粘膜上的酶活性改变刷状缘粘膜上的酶活性改变Hyper secretion of endogenous protein hyperplasia in small intestine内源蛋白质过度分泌内源蛋白质过度分泌 小肠增
38、生小肠增生Increase of the number of caliciform cells increased mucus production and reduced absorption of nutrients 杯状细胞数量增加杯状细胞数量增加 粘液增加，降低营养物质吸收粘液增加，降低营养物质吸收 Hemagglutins(lectins)血凝素（植物凝集素）血凝素（植物凝集素）2013Intestinal health28Borges et al.CONFIDENTIALAccumulation of nutrients in GI tract胃肠道营养物富积胃肠道营养物富积Los
39、s of endogenous protein内源蛋白损失内源蛋白损失Cells fusion细胞融合细胞融合 Cells lesions细胞病变细胞病变Hemagglutins in feed饲料中的凝集素饲料中的凝集素Link with enterocytes与肠细胞结合与肠细胞结合Digestion消化消化 Absorption吸收吸收Performance生产性能生产性能Hemagglutins(lectins)血凝素（植物凝集素）血凝素（植物凝集素）2013Intestinal health29A.Maiorka,Master Intestine Quality吸收细胞隐窝杯状细胞固
40、有层粘膜肌层内分泌细胞CONFIDENTIALRaw soybean mealfed for 3 days饲喂生豆粕饲喂生豆粕3天天Raw soybean mealfed for 10 days饲喂生豆粕饲喂生豆粕10天天Processed soybean meal fed for 10 days饲喂加工后的豆粕饲喂加工后的豆粕10天天Durigan,by Borges et al.Hemagglutins(lectins):effect on small intestine villi血凝素（植物凝集素）：对小肠绒毛的影响血凝素（植物凝集素）：对小肠绒毛的影响2013Intestinal h
41、ealth30CONFIDENTIALIntestinal lesions caused by hemagglutins凝集素引起小肠病变凝集素引起小肠病变VI=Normal villi VI=正常绒毛正常绒毛VE=Damaged villi extrudedVE=受损绒毛受损绒毛-倒伏的倒伏的VEAB=antinutritional factorB=抗营养因子抗营养因子A.Maiorka,Master Intestine Quality(Giachetto)A=normal A=正常正常VIHemagglutins(lectins)血凝素（植物凝集素）血凝素（植物凝集素）2013Intest
42、inal health31CONFIDENTIALSoybean meal豆粕豆粕TIA(mg/g)Lectin(mg/g)凝集素凝集素Weight gain(g)增重增重Raw Conventional生的传统的生的传统的30.308.375 dRaw low TIA 生的低生的低TIA的的0.048.3134 bRaw low lectin生的低凝集素的生的低凝集素的28.400.093 cCommercial商业性的商业性的199 aPerssonAntinutritional effect of soybean on broiler performance(day 8-17 of ag
43、e)大豆对肉仔鸡生产性能的不良影响（大豆对肉仔鸡生产性能的不良影响（8-17日龄）日龄）Hemagglutins(lectins)血凝素（植物凝集素）血凝素（植物凝集素）2013Intestinal health32TIA=Trypsin Inhibitory ActivityTIA=胰蛋白酶抑制因子胰蛋白酶抑制因子P0.05CONFIDENTIAL33Intestinal healthFEEDING:NON STARCH POLYSACCHARIDES饲料：非淀粉多糖饲料：非淀粉多糖2013CONFIDENTIALLong chain carbohydrates,mainly present
44、 in the cell wall of vegetables长链碳水化合物，主要存在于植物细胞壁中长链碳水化合物，主要存在于植物细胞壁中All cereals used in broiler diets contain NSPs用于肉仔鸡饲料中的所用于肉仔鸡饲料中的所有谷物都含有有谷物都含有NSPsNon Starch Polysaccharides非淀粉多糖非淀粉多糖2013Intestinal health34Souza,Cousins,YeganiCONFIDENTIALCATEGORY类别类别MONOMERIC RESIDUES残基残基SOURCES来源来源Cellulose纤维素纤
45、维素Glucose葡萄糖葡萄糖Most cereals&legumes大部分谷物和豆类大部分谷物和豆类Mixed linked glucans 葡聚糖葡聚糖Glucose葡萄糖葡萄糖Barley,oats,rye大麦，燕麦，黑麦大麦，燕麦，黑麦Arabinoxylans阿拉伯木聚糖阿拉伯木聚糖Xylose,arabinose木糖，阿拉伯糖木糖，阿拉伯糖Rye,wheat,barley黑麦，小麦，大麦黑麦，小麦，大麦Arabinogalactans阿拉伯半乳聚糖阿拉伯半乳聚糖Galactose,arabinose半乳糖，阿拉伯糖半乳糖，阿拉伯糖Cereals&by products谷物及其副产品
46、谷物及其副产品Xyloglucans木葡聚糖木葡聚糖Glucose,xylose葡萄糖，木糖葡萄糖，木糖Cereal&cereal flours谷物以谷物以及谷物面粉及谷物面粉Rhamnogalacturans鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸聚糖鼠李糖半乳糖醛酸聚糖Uronic acids,rhamnose糖醛酸，鼠李糖糖醛酸，鼠李糖Pea hulls豌豆壳豌豆壳Galactans半乳聚糖半乳聚糖Galactose半乳糖半乳糖Soybean meal,sugar beet pulp豆粕，甜菜粕豆粕，甜菜粕YeganiCell wall NSPs细胞壁细胞壁NSPs2013Intestinal health35
47、CONFIDENTIALCATEGORY类别类别MONOMERIC RESIDUES残基残基SOURCES来源来源Fructans果聚糖果聚糖Fructose果糖果糖Rye黑麦黑麦Mannans甘露聚糖甘露聚糖Mannose甘露糖甘露糖Coconut cake,palm cake椰子饼，棕榈饼椰子饼，棕榈饼Pectins果胶果胶Uronic acids,rhamnose糖醛酸，鼠李糖糖醛酸，鼠李糖Apple,sugar beet pulp 苹果，甜菜粕苹果，甜菜粕Galactomannans半半乳甘露聚糖乳甘露聚糖Galactose,mannose半乳糖，甘露糖半乳糖，甘露糖Guar gum瓜
48、尔豆胶瓜尔豆胶YeganiNon cell wall NSPs非细胞壁非细胞壁NSPs2013Intestinal health36CONFIDENTIALNegative effect on:不良作用于：不良作用于：-enzymatic activity酶活酶活-bile salt activity胆汁盐分泌胆汁盐分泌-transport of nutrients营养素转运营养素转运They absorb water and increase the intestine viscosity非淀粉多非淀粉多糖吸收水，增加肠道食糜粘度糖吸收水，增加肠道食糜粘度Diets with high vi
49、scosity increase microbial activity,due to more undigested nutrients available in the anterior part of the gastro-intestinal tract,resulting in higher microbial fermentation 日粮粘度高可日粮粘度高可提高微生物活性，由于未消化的可被利用营养物质蓄积在胃肠道前端，引起提高微生物活性，由于未消化的可被利用营养物质蓄积在胃肠道前端，引起微生物大量发酵微生物大量发酵 Reduced performance降低生产性能降低生产性能No
50、n Starch Polysaccharides非淀粉多糖非淀粉多糖2013Intestinal health37Souza,CousinsCONFIDENTIAL Non Starch Polysaccharides非淀粉多糖非淀粉多糖2013Intestinal health38Increased prod.of endogenous enzymes提高内源酶产生量提高内源酶产生量Increased substrate concentration增加底物浓度增加底物浓度NSP非淀粉多糖非淀粉多糖Reduced digestion and absorption消化和吸收受阻消化和吸收受阻Re
