1、学术英语学术英语 医学医学Academic English for MedicineUnit 1Doctors LifeDoctors are thought as noble,respectable,and caring,but it is really common to read or hear about the complaints of doctors being impatient and careless.What are the causes for such complaints?How can ordinary incidents influence the way do
2、ctors practice medicine?This unit explores doctors life from different perspectives so that you can understand them better.Unit 1 Doctors LifeUnit ContentsLead-inText AText BText CListeningSpeakingWritingGet reading for Unit 2Lead-inQuestions to be answeredBrainstorm Additional activityUnit 1 Doctor
3、s LifeLead-inQuestions to be answered What are the causes for complaints of doctors being impatient and careless?What kind of life does a doctor lead?How can ordinary incidents influence the way doctors practice medicine?Unit 1 Doctors LifeLead-inBrainstorm Brainstorm a list of words and expressions
4、 related to a doctors life and practice.Unit 1 Doctors LifeLead-inAdditional activity What do they mean for a doctor?a decent career a noble calling respectable knowledgeable under great pressure underpaid mistrusted dangerousUnit 1 Doctors LifeText A Critical reading and thinking Questions for disc
5、ussion Topics for presentation Useful expressions Difficult sentencesLanguage building-up Signpost language Formal English Vocabulary testSuggested answersUnit 1 Doctors LifeText A Critical reading and thinkingQuestions for discussion How do you interpret the title?neuron overload juggling physician
6、Unit 1 Doctors LifeText A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation1 Do you agree that it is sheer neuron overload on the doctor side that leads to the complaint that doctors dont listen?neuron overload patients high expectations mistrust and misunderstanding between the patients and phys
7、icianUnit 1 Doctors Life2 Describe Mrs.Osorios condition.Text A Topics for presentationUnit 1 Doctors LifeText A Useful expressions a 56-year-old woman somewhat overweight reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension cholesterol on the high side without any medications for this not as much e
8、xercise as she should thinning of her bones on last DEXA scan stressful but good about keeping her appointments and getting her blood tests generally healthyUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Useful expressionsin my practice/in a medical practiceoverweightdiabeteshypertensionchol
9、esterol on the high sideDEXA scanthinning of her bones/lower densitystressful lifekeep her appointments blood testsgenerally healthyan average patientnot excessively complicatedUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Topics for presentation3 What are the good and bad things about Mrs.
10、Osorios conditions that run through the authors mind?Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Useful expressions Good Things Blood tests done Glucose a little better Her blood pressure good but not great Bad Things Her weight a little up Her bones a little thin on the DEXAUnit 1 Doctor
11、s LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Useful expressions 20-min consultation glucose starting a statin liver enzymes normal five fruits and vegetables diet choices 30 min of walking each day exercise morning sugars compare to her evening sugars the nutritionist/her eye doctor/the podiatrist bloo
12、d pressure add another BP med more pillsUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Useful expressions start a bisphosphonate prevent osteoporosis experiencing just the usual stress of life lurking depression or anxiety disorder the depression questionnaire health maintenance her last mam
13、mogram PAP smear colonoscopy a tetanus booster qualify for a pneumonia vaccineUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Topics for presentation4 Describe the situation when Mrs.Ororio might send the authors delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical
14、reading and thinkingText A Useful expressions The author was in moderate state of panic:juggling so many thoughts about Mrs.Osorios conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down.Mrs.Osorio made a trivial request,not so important as compared to her conditions.Mrs.Osorio seemed t
15、o care only about her“innocentand completely justifiedrequest”:the form signed by her doctor.The doctor tried to or at least pretend to pay attention to the patients while completing documentation.Complaints that doctors dont listen might have other reasons than just doctors neuron overload.Unit 1 D
16、octors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Useful expressions the diet-and-exercise discussion not making eye contact with Mrs.Osorio(communication skills)get her lab results check her mammogram report document the progress of her illnesses order the tests refill her prescriptionsUnit 1 Doctors
17、LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Useful expressions her insurance company/insurance form/lose my coverage do her physical examination her back pain anything more than routine muscle strain place into accurate and thorough documentation interact with my patientUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical readi
18、ng and thinking5 Compare multitasking in human beings and computers.Text A Topics for presentationUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Useful expressions Multitasking originated in computer science.Microprocessors in fact linear,actually performing only one task at a time.Multitask
19、ing just as an illusion both in computer and humans.At best,Human juggling only a handful of thoughts in this manner.The more thoughts we juggle,the less we are able to attune fully to any given thought.Multitasking as a recipe for disasterUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Usefu
20、l expressions an insurance company form order her mammogram refill only five of her six medicines fully explain the side-effects of one of her medicationsUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking6 Use numbers to justify that it is the juggling mind that keeps doctors awake at night.Text A Top
21、ics for presentationUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Useful expressions7 medical issues to consider5 separate thoughts,at least,for each issue 7 X 5=35 thoughts10 patients that afternoon35 X 10=3505 residents under the authors supervision4 patients seen by each residents10 thou
22、ghts,at least,generated by each patients5 X 4 X 10=200350+200=550 thoughts to be handled in total If the doctor does a good job juggling 98%of the time,that still leaves ten thoughts that might get lost in the process.Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Useful expressions medical
23、issues to consider supervise five residents in a working day a disastrous outcome a possible lawsuit Most doctors are reasonably competent,caring individuals,but the overwhelming swirl of thoughts that we must keep track of leaves many of us in a perpetual panic that something serious might slip.Thi
24、s is what keeps us awake at night.Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking7 What are possible solutions to the impossible high-wire act of jugglingcompeting details and panicking about slipping a critical one?Text A Topics for presentationUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText
25、A Useful expressions computer-generated reminders case managers ancillary services the simplest:timeUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Useful expressions an hour for each patient a spectacular doctorSituation in China?the choices that practicing physicians face every day,with eve
26、ry patient rely on our clinical judgment to prioritise transplant field a dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-on-one nurse medical budgetsUnit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Difficult Sentences 1 that one stray request from a patienteven one that is quite releva
27、ntmight send the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.(Para.1)如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然崩塌一样。同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然崩塌一样。Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinking2.Im piling yet another pill onto her.(Para
28、.3)我还要再给她另加一种药我还要再给她另加一种药Text A Difficult SentencesUnit 1 Doctors LifeText A Difficult Sentences shes caught one of my neurons in mid-fire(Para.4)她让我如火如荼的思绪戛然而止她让我如火如荼的思绪戛然而止 My instinct is to put one hand up and keep all interruptions at bay.(Para.4)我的本能反应是举手，阻止她打断我的思路。我的本能反应是举手，阻止她打断我的思路。Unit 1 Do
29、ctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Difficult Sentences We merely zip back and forth between them,generally losing accuracy in the process.(Para.7)我们人类只是在两个想法之间来回快速转换，通常我们人类只是在两个想法之间来回快速转换，通常 情况下，在转换的过程中丢失了精准。情况下，在转换的过程中丢失了精准。The more thoughts we juggle,the less we are able to attune fully
30、 to any given thought.(Para.8)The higher up,the heavier the fall.The more,the better.Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Difficult Sentences My choices seem to boil down to entertaining fewer thoughts,accepting decreased accuracy for each thought,giving up on thorough documentatio
31、n,or having a constant headache from neuronal overload.(Para.10)boil down to:归结为归结为 It boils down to a question of ethics.它可归结成一个伦理学问题它可归结成一个伦理学问题。Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkingText A Difficult Sentences In some cases,having a dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-
32、on-one nurse can come close to simulating a second brain,but most medical budgets dont allow for such staffing indulgence.(Para.12)有些情况下，有个专注、出色的临床搭档，如一对一有些情况下，有个专注、出色的临床搭档，如一对一的护士，就仿佛有了第二个大脑，不过大多数医疗预的护士，就仿佛有了第二个大脑，不过大多数医疗预算不会如此大方，这样配备人员。算不会如此大方，这样配备人员。Unit 1 Doctors LifeCritical reading and thinkin
33、gText A Language Building-up Signpost LanguageAn innocentand completely justifiedrequest,but (Para.5)What is the function of the parentheses/dashes in the sentence?Parenthetical statements:inserting additional information without creating a separate sentence and are often demonstrated by parentheses
34、 and dash.Unit 1 Doctors LifeText A Language Building-up Formal EnglishDegree of formality should be determined bythe audiencethe expectations of the audiencethe writers purposes For example,the writer of Text A employs informal language when recording her juggling thoughts,and a noticeable shift fr
35、om that of the rest of the article where formal style is consistently maintained.A juggling mind is vividly presented by informal and even ungrammatical use of language,such as“Maybe leave this until next time?”Unit 1 Doctors LifeText A Language Building-up Formal EnglishFormal English It is used in
36、 official,literary,academic writing,or formal social events.It is more commonly used in writing than speech.Sentences are often long and complex.Contractions are avoided.Informal English It is used in everyday personal conversations or letters to friends.It is more commonly used in everyday speech t
37、han in writing.Sentences are often short and simple.Contractions are common.Unit 1 Doctors LifeText A Language Building-up Formal EnglishFormal English The passive voice is often used,making it sound impersonal.Much vocabulary derived from French and Latin is used.Colloquial terms,slangs and many ph
38、rasal verbs are avoided.Informal English The active voice is often used.Vocabulary derived from French and Latin is not used.Colloquial terms,slangs and many phrasal verbs are common.Unit 1 Doctors LifeText A Language Building-up Formal EnglishFormal English The researchers identified the important
39、properties.Doctors have established a new method.This appeared to rectify the problemInformal English The researchers found out what the important things were.Doctors have come up with a new method.This seemed to fix the problemUnit 1 Doctors LifeText A Language Building-up Formal EnglishFormal Engl
40、ish His words demonstrate that Details of the report are to be found on Page 26.The experiment was carried out/performed.Informal English His words show that You can find out all about the report on page 26.They did an experiment.Unit 1 Doctors LifeText A Language Building-up Formal English key to T
41、ask 31 Good thing she did her blood tests.Glucose is a little better.Cholesterol isnt great.May need to think about starting a statin.Are her liver enzymes normal?(Para.3)Good signs include that she did her blood tests,and that her glucose level is a little better.However,her cholesterol level isnt
42、great,and I may need to consider prescribing a statin for her.Furthermore,I wondered if her liver enzymes are normal.Unit 1 Doctors LifeTask 3 Rewrite the following sentences from Text A with a more formal style.Text A Language Building-up Formal English key to Task 32 Has she been to the eye doctor
43、?The podiatrist?(Para.3)Unit 1 Doctors LifeHas she been to the eye doctor and the podiatrist?Text A Language Building-up Formal English key to Task 33 But now Im piling yet another pill onto her,and one that requires detailed instructions.Maybe leave this until next time?(Para.3)Unit 1 Doctors LifeB
44、ut now Im piling yet another pill onto her,and the pill requires detailed instructions.“Maybe,should I leave this until next time?”I thought.Text A Language Building-up Formal English key to Task 34 Health maintenance:when was her last mammogram?PAP smear?(Para.3)Unit 1 Doctors LifeT o m y m i n d c
45、 a m e h e r h e a l t h maintenance.I asked myself,“When did she receive her last mammogram and PAP smear?”Text A Vocabulary test _ overload（神经过载）a typical office _（典型的诊所就诊）DEXA _（DEXA扫描）medical _（行医）visitscanpracticeneuron/neuronal _ report（乳房X-线检查报告）_ examination（体检）_ of a medication（药物的副作用）mammo
46、gramside-effectsphysicalUnit 1 Doctors LifeLanguage Building-up Text A Vocabulary test _control（血压控制）health _（健康保持）perpetual _（永久的恐慌）_ physicians（执业医生）_ field（移植领域）medical _（医疗预算）paracetamol _（扑热息痛药片）_ cap（防孩子打开的盖子）panicblood pressuremaintenancepracticingtransplantbudgettabletchildproofUnit 1 Doctor
47、s LifeLanguage Building-up Text A Suggested answersUnit 1 Doctors LifeTask 1.2 Match each of the following English term and Chinese equivalent.pneumothoraxnutrienthypertensioncolonoscopymammectomyrefillneuralgiapodiatristnutritionistosteoporosisneurontransmittransplantpneumoniamammograma.移植b.高血压c.乳房
48、X线照片d.结肠镜检查（术）e.神经元，神经细胞f.肺炎g.营养物h.神经痛i.营养学家j.再配（处方）k.气胸l.传染m.骨质疏松n.足病医生o.乳房切除术kgbdojhnimeiafcText A Suggested answers language building-upUnit 1 Doctors LifeTask 1.2 Match each of the following definitions with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.EnglishChinese Definition1examinat
49、ion of the colon with a colonoscope2abnormally elevated blood pressure3an x-ray image of the breast4nerve cell5one who is trained or an expert in the field ofnutrition6a disease in which the bones become weakand break easilycolonoscopy结肠镜检查（术）hypertension高血压mammogram乳房X线照片neuron神经元，神经细胞nutritionist营
50、养学家osteoporosis骨质疏松Text A Suggested answers language building-upUnit 1 Doctors LifeTask 1.2 Match each of the following definitions with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.EnglishChinese Definition7inflammation of the lungs8one who is specialized in the diagnosis,treatment,and pre
