1、Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesAlthough great progress has been made in the treatment andprevention of diseases in the last century,there is no reason for complacence.Human health is constantly threatened not only by emerging diseases but also by re-emerging ones once thought to have been cont
2、rolled or eradicated.What causes new diseases?Why do the old enemies resurge?What resources are available for us to meet such challenges?What measures should we take to prevent and reduce those threats?This unit helps you to gaininsight into those issues.ListeningUnit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseas
3、es Listening Finding Major Points Pausing before starting an important point Using repetition to emphasize a point Changing the pitch,volume and rhythm of his/her voice for emphasis Using introductory phrases to precede an important idea.For instance,“It is essential for you to know”,“Remember that”
4、Use facial gestures or body movement when they are emphasizing a point Listening Suggested answersKey to Task 1 of Listening 1.as incomes rise,health can decline 2.diabetes,obesity,cardiovascular disease and cancer3.a change in lifestyle/in diet4.the decline of overall health of a country5.the local
5、 community and the South African government prosperity and non-communicable diseases Economic prosperity in India and China Rising income A growing middle class Decline in health:a surge of non-communicable disease diabetes obesity cardiovascular disease cancerText C Suggested answers Key to Task 2
6、of Listening Text C Suggested answers Key to Task 2 of Listening Project HOPE A calling on the U.N.:strong actions on Treatment Prevention The health-based NGO:programs in 35 countries on 5 continents Project HOPEL the HOPE Center located in Johannesburg,South AfricaText C Suggested answers Key to T
7、ask 2 of Listening rise in food prices and health Diet change as a result of sharp rise in food price A major blow to the poor Less healthy food(fruits and vegetables)but more cheaper,less healthy food Decline of overall health of a country strained public health system in South Africa A well docume
8、nted problem with HIV and TB More people going into the clinics with diabetes and hypertensionText C Suggested answers Key to Task 2 of Listening Text C Suggested answers Key to Task 2 of Listening the mission of Project HOPE center Diabetes clinic with the latest diagnostic and treatment options Pe
9、er support groups to help people manage their disease make healthier lifestyle changes Training government health workers about NCDs to help raise general awarenessUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit ContentsLead-inText AText BText CGet ready for Unit 3ListeningSpeakingWritingLead-inIssues to
10、be coveredTaskUnit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseases Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesLead-in information-filling taskOutbreakYearCausePrevalenceSARS2 0 0 2 -2003SARS coronavirusStarting in China and spreading globallyAv i a n flu2007H5N1First reported in Sou
11、th Korea and becoming a global outbreakSwine flu2009H1N1A pandemic starting in MexicoPage 26Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesText ACritical reading and thinking Topics for presentation Useful expressions Difficult sentencesSuggested answersPage 26Unit 2Resurg
12、ent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation “Old enemies never die.”Page 26-30Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesTopics for presentation1.What do the two choices imply?Page 26Text A C
13、ritical reading and thinkingUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases“New Flu Strain Spreads:Death Toll Reaches Half Million.”1.通行费通行费 toll gate 2.(死亡、事故或灾难的死亡、事故或灾难的)总数总数 3.造成恶果造成恶果(或不利影响、痛苦等或不利影响、痛苦等)Winter takes its toll on your health.冬天对健康不利。Unit 2Resurgent and
14、Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases“New Flu Strain Spreads:Death Toll Reaches Half Million.”1.(人的)血缘,世系;种 She is of a noble strain.她出身名门。2.(动植物的)种,品种 This strain of wheat can grow during a cold spring.这种品系的小麦能在寒冷的春天生长。Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emerge
15、nt Diseases“New Flu Strain Spreads:Death Toll Reaches Half Million.”1.通行费通行费 toll gate 2.(死亡、事故或灾难的死亡、事故或灾难的)总数总数 3.造成恶果造成恶果(或不利影响、痛苦等或不利影响、痛苦等)Winter takes its toll on your health.冬天对健康不利。Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases2.How has the medical condition chang
16、ed since 1969?Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola Comeback of the old afflictions Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union TB in urban centers like New York City Rising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet fever The fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the worldText A Criti
17、cal reading and thinkingTopics for presentationUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinking Useful expressions Surgeon General“close the book on infectious disease.”medical community Journal of the American Medical Association respira
18、tory infectionsPage 26Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases We know better.更明白事理更明白事理,没愚蠢到没愚蠢到，不会上当，不会上当 Fools may believe you,but I know better.傻子或许会相信你,我可不会。我不会愚蠢到干出这种事情来。I know better than to do such a thing.Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent
19、 and Emergent DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinking Difficult Sentences“Emergence”is in fact regression,a return to the standard that prevailed universally in the previous century,“出现新病”实际上是一种退步，又回到上个世纪普遍存在的水平。Page 27Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesTe
20、xt A Critical reading and thinking Difficult Sentences which never really went away,though upscale opera buffs might have thought it was confined to productions of“La Boheme”虽然上层社会的歌剧迷们也许觉得结核病只是歌剧波西米亚人中的情节，而事实上,结核病就从来没有消失过。歌剧波西米亚人的女主人公死于肺结核。Page 27Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent
21、 and Emergent DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation3.How has the battle been joined?WHO:establishment of a new division devoted worldwide surveillance and control of emerging disease in Oct.1995 CDC:launching prevention strategy in 1994 Congress:raising fund from$6.7 mi
22、llion in 1995 to$26 million for 1997Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesIllustration by the film Dustin Hoffman OutbreakPage 27Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases Topics for presentation 4.What is the value of making a list
23、 of diseases to be monitored?Page 27Text A Critical reading and thinkingUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesThat said 1.That said,heres a word of warning:moocs wont stay free forever.尽管如此，还是需要提醒你一下：MOOC不会永远免费。2.That said,networking is perhaps the single best way
24、 to achieve success.也就是说，联络似乎是一个通向成功的最佳方法。Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesText A Topics for presentation 5.Exemplify the statement that“Every returning condition marches to the beat of a different drum.”Page 28Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resur
25、gent and Emergent Diseases Every returning condition marches to the beat of a different drum.“These re-emerging infections each have a little winkle to them that is important.”每种回归疾病的步调各有不同。“这些再现的疾病，其各自特征都与以前有所不同，这点很重要。”1.妙计;好主意 Ill give you a wrinkle or two.我给你出几个点子。2.方法;技巧;(方法等的)创新Unit 2Resurgent
26、and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases TB Prisons and homeless shelters as ideal venues for TB spread Strains of TB have also developed drug resistance A ride on the HIV wagon by attacking the immunocompromisedPage 28Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation Uni
27、t 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases Hitch a ride:搭便车;搭顺风车 We can hitch a ride to London on a lorry.我们可以免费搭乘卡车去伦敦.Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases Group A strep A change in virulence Mutation in the exterior of the bacteriu
28、m fleshing-eating bacteria of 1994 rheumatic fever scarlet feverPage 28Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases Flesh-eating disease is the common name for necrotizing fasciitis(坏死性筋膜炎).Flesh-eating disease
29、 can be caused by a number of different bacteria,including group A streptococcus(GAS).GAS is a very common bacteria.It is the same bacteria that causes scarlet fever and rheumatic fever.In rare instances,GAS will cause serious illnesses,including pneumonia,meningitis and blood poisoning.Unit 2Resurg
30、ent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases For no good reason:没有好的理由，无正当的理由没有好的理由，无正当的理由 That child is always crying for no good reason.那个孩子总是无缘无故地哭.Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases flu Constantly changes in its coat(surface antigens)and
31、resultant changes in its level of virulence Looming next flu pandemic as bad as that of 1918Page 28Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases If there isit is For emphasis E.g.如果有什么需要改变，那就是改变本身。If there is an
32、ything that needs change,it is change itself.Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases Lay up:If someone is laid up with an illness,the illness makes it necessary for them to stay in bed（疾病）（疾病）使卧床使卧床 E.g.She was laid up with pneumonia for six weeks.我染上了急性风湿，卧病在床。I w
33、as laid up in bed with acute rheumatism.Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases When it came to treating influenza patients,doctors,nurses and druggists were at a loss.No one knows exactly ho
34、w many people died during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic.During the 1920s,researchers estimated that 21.5 million people died as a result of the 1918-1919 pandemic.More recent estimates have estimated global mortality from the 1918-1919 pandemic at anywhere between 30 and 50 million.An estimated 6
35、75,000 Americans were among the dead.the pandemic of 1918-1919Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases The flu virus is a trickster,constantly changing its surface antigens.“Old wine in new bottles.”A larger-scale genetic shift“New wine in new bottles.”Unit 2Resurge
36、nt and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesIn place 1.在对的位置在对的位置,在适当的位置在适当的位置 They put in place the tools of my new business.他们把我干这一新行当所需要的用具安放得井井有条。2.适当的适当的,适合的适合的 The proposal is not quite in place.那个提议并不十分适当。3.在工作；准备就绪在工作；准备就绪 Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent
37、 and Emergent Diseases Text A Critical reading and thinking Topics for presentation 6.What has caused pertussis,diphtheria,and malaria to become familiar again?Page 29Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subjec
38、t matter Vaccination practices neurological complications the waning of immunity a crumbling public health infrastructure organized vaccination effortsPage 29Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesWind up with:Even after going through this analysis,you may wind up
39、with no clear-cut answer.即使你仔细地进行了分析,最终你仍可能得不到清晰的答案.Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subject matter with stagnant water serving as mosquito breeding pools 繁殖，繁育繁殖，繁育 Frogs will usually breed in any convenie
40、nt pond.通常青蛙会在任何条件适宜的池塘中繁殖。That kind of readiness can keep future headlines free of worldwide pandemics.有了这样的充分准备，全球性流行病将来就不再成为头条新闻了。Page 29Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesDiscipline A discipline is a particular area of study,especially a subject of study in
41、 a college or university.学科，科学科，科目目 Youve got to make sure that people work together across disciplines.你必须确保让那些出身不同学科的人一起共事。Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesText A Critical reading and thinking Topics for presentation 7.What are the CDCs four areas of focus?
42、1.Need for surveillance2.Updated science capable of dealing with discoveries in the field3.Appropriate prevention and control4.Strong public health infrastructureUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases Task 1 Medical Terminology EnglishChinese1.antigen抗原2.microbe微生
43、物3.virulence毒力，毒性4.biological生物的5.pandemic大流行6.antibiotic抗生素7.pathogenic致病的8.epidemiology流行病学9.streptococcus链球菌10.immunocompromised免疫受损的Page 33-34Text A Suggested AnswersSuggested Answers Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesText A Language building-upLanguage bu
44、ilding-upTask 2 Signpost Language Classification two choices six diseases type kind kindPage 35Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesText A Language building-up Language building-up Task 3 Formal English 1.vanquished 2.sentiment 3.venues 4.crumbling 5.quipped 6.pr
45、evailedPage 35-36Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesText C Language building-up Suggested answersUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseasesreasons for infectious diseases remaining among the leading causes of death worldwideemerg
46、ence of new infectious diseasesre-emergence of old infectious diseasespersistence of intractable infectious diseasesexotic animals for pets exotic animals as food sourcescloser and more frequent contact with pathogensmonkeypoxSARSgenetic reasonsFluhuman behaviorbio-terrorismsmallpox anthraxfood-and
47、waterborne infections,dengue,West Nile virustuberculosis,malaria,nosocomial,and foodborne infections Text C Suggested answersKey to TaskUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesSpeakingHow to interrupt politelyTaskUnit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseases Unit 2Resurgen
48、t and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesSpeakingSpeaking How to Interrupt Politely Interrupt and take your turn at the right time Use the right expression If I could just come in here.May I Excuse me,but Could I please just finish my point?As I was saying Unit 2Resurgent and Emer
49、gent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesSpeakingSpeaking How to Interrupt Politely Interrupt and take your turn at the right time Use the right expression Sorry to interrupt,but.Id just like to say that.What do you think about.?Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesUnit 2Resurgent and Emerg
50、ent DiseasesSpeakingSpeaking Now work with a partner and use the polite expressions listed above to ask each other to clarify the following terms without referring to Text A and Text B.1.re-emergent infectious diseases2.multi-drug-resistant strain3.the immunocompromised4.screening programmes 5.pande
