1、Using language Attributive clauses1.Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.a We can stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.b The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interestsQ:1 What does“that”refer to in sentence(a)?2
2、What does“who”refer to in sentence(b)?Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.c We can.stay in touch with people.We want to remain friends with them.d The digital age also enables us to find people.These people share our interestsQ:3 What is the difference between the two
3、groups of sentences？4 Why does the author choose to use sentences(a)and(b)in the reading passage?5 What other words are used to introduce attributiveclauses?What do they prefer to?Now look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage.Attributive clauses定语从句 I1.概念定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、分词、
4、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。2.定语从句三要素1）先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词指人的先行词指物的先行词 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。He has passed the driving test,which surprises all of us.(which替代前面所叙述的事情)先行词2）关系词：引导定语的词(1)关系词的作用替代前面的先行词（替代作用）连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）(2)关系词的分类标准：根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类关系代词：在从句中做 主，宾，表，定（that
5、/which/who/whom/whose/as）关系副词：在从句中作状语(When/where/why)3）定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子3.定语从句的分类1.限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。He is a teacher who works at our school.2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)Beijing,which is the capital of China,is a beautiful city with a long history.比较：He has two sons,who work in the s
6、ame company.(He has only two sons.)He has two sons who work in the same company.(Perhaps he has two more sons)定语从句的1010个难点1.关系代词的省略(限定性定语从句)(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语She is the girl(whom/that)I loved before.(可以省略whom/that)(2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语He is no longer the boy(that)he used to be.(可以省略that)(3)关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句
7、尾时可以省略Housing price is a problem(that/which)people are interested in.比较：Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.（此时只能用which且不能省略）2.先行词是人(that/who的区别)(1)用that的情况 以疑问词who开头的句子中 Who is the man that is shouting there?关系代词在从句中作表语时 She is not the girl that she used to be.先行词被the very,the
8、 right,the only修饰 This is the very person that we are looking for.(2)用who的情况 先行词是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those 等 Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一个用who Who is the boy that won the gold medal?在there be 结构中 There are many young men
9、 who are against him.在非限定性定语从句当中 Tom,who is my best friend,has gone abroad to study.3.先行词是物(that/which的区别)(1)用which的情况在非限定性定语从句中She lost the game,which depressed her greatly.关系词置于介词之后，作宾语The pen with which you write is Jacks.先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系词用that,另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I b
10、orrowed from the library which is newly open to us.(2)用that的情况先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,no one等She did all that she could to help us.先行词被all,every,no,some,little,much,the only,he very,the right，the last等所修饰时This is the very book that I want.先行词中既有人又有物时She describe
11、d in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best book that I have ever read.This is the first film that Ive seen since I came here.定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用which,另外一个用thatHe built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.当主句的
12、主语是疑问词which,另一个用thatWho is the person that is standing at the gate?2.Rewrite the underlined sentences with that,which,who,whom,or whose.1Lucy is my friend who/that has a hearing problem.2So I learnt a new language which/that allows me to“speak”with my hands.3 Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are alw
13、ays inspiring.4 I sometimes have problems(that/which)I cant solve.5 Lucy is a good listener(whom/who/that)I enjoy sharing moments of my life with.3.Complete the online forum post with that,which,who,whom,or whose.Key:1 that/which 2 whose 3 who/that 4 which/that 5 whom/whoExcerciseChoose the best ans
14、wer.1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace.A.Which B.where C.what D.in which2.Do you know the man _?A.whom I spoke B.to who spoke C.I spoke to D.that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A.which they stayed B.at that they stayedC.where they stayed at D.where they stayed4.Do you k
15、now the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A.which B.that C.when D.on which5.That is the day _Ill never forget.A.which B.on which C.in which D.when6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A.where B.to which C.which D.in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in t
16、he factory _we are working.A.where B.that C.which D.there8.This is one of the best films _.A.that have been shown this year B.that have shown C.that has been shown this year D.that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A.about which you talked B.which you talked C.about that you talked D.that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by whichKey:1-5ACDCA 6-10CAAAC 11-15CDDADSummarySummarizw what we have learnt today.
