1、Period 5Focus on Language语法精练Unit 3 Celebrations1.Learn about continuous the passive and verb phrase.2.Do some exercises to strengthen the grammar.语法一被动语态(the passive)一、被动语态的概述语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的_和_之间的关系。英语的语态有两种：_和_。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如：They prohibit smoking in public areas.谓语prohibit的动作是由主语they发出的，即the
2、y是prohibit这个动作的执行者。主语主动语态谓语动词被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。如：Smoking is prohibited by them in public areas.主语smoking是prohibit这个动作的承受者。二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。时态构成形式一般现在时_一般过去时_一般将来时_过去将来时_am/is/aredonewas/weredonebe going to/will/shallbe donewould/shouldbe done现在进行时_过
3、去进行时_现在完成时_过去完成时_含情态动词情态动词be doneam/is/arebeing donewas/werebeing donehave/hasbeen donehadbeen done请根据汉语提示完成句子;The boy _ to play basketball on the court.人们经常看到这个男孩在球场上打篮球。The athlete _ to enter the gym just now.刚才有人看见这位运动员进了体育馆。A new apartment _ by us next year.明年我们要建一栋新公寓。is often seenwas seenwill
4、be builtThe news _ to the volunteers mother the moment it arrived.消息一到就会被送到那位志愿者的母亲那里。The problem _ at the meeting at the moment.目前，会议上正在讨论这个问题。An informal boxing match _ when I arrived there.我到那儿时，一场非正式的拳击比赛正在进行。would be sentis being discussedwas being heldPeoples living quality _ in the past ten y
5、ears.在过去的十年里，人们的生活质量得到了极大的提高。By the end of last year,another company _.到去年年底为止，另一家公司已经建成了。The new teaching equipment _ to the rural school in no time.这些新的教学设备必须马上送到那所乡村学校。has been greatly improvedhad been completedmust be sent三、在下列情况下使用被动语态请根据汉语提示完成句子：1.不知道或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。The charity organization _
6、 ten years ago.这个慈善组织是十年前成立的。2.强调动作的承受者。Your plan _ be practical.你的计划被认为是实用的。was builtis considered to3.在书面语中，特别是在科技报告和新闻报道中，被动语态比主动语态更正式。The International Space Station _ in the Earths orbit.国际空间站已经在地球轨道上建成了。4.习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有born，determine，devote，seat，dress，situate等。You will never gain success unle
7、ss you _ your work.你只有全身心地投入工作才能取得成功。has been builtare fully devoted to四、使用被动语态的注意问题1.以主动形式表被动意义的动词(1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove等，不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构，表示被动含义。He _ after going jogging regularly.进行有规律的慢跑之后，他看起来很强壮并且充满活力。The problem _ and is difficult to deal with.这个问题被证明很棘手，并且很难处
8、理。looks strong and energeticproves tough(2)表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，如drive，lock，sell，read，wash，dry等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。You can depend on it that this kind of cloth _.你可以相信这种布料很好洗。To our disappointment,the engine _.让我们失望的是，引擎发动不起来。washes wellwont start(3)不定式作定语，与前面被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系，且不定式的逻辑主语为主句
9、的主语时，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。Attention,please._.请注意，我有重要的事情要说。I have something important to say(4)不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，如difficult,easy,comfortable,hard，convenient,cheap,expensive等，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。Our apartment is comfortable _.我们的公寓住起来很舒服。_.我们发现这个家伙很难相处。to live inWe find the guy is difficult to get along with(
10、5)need，want，require，deserve等作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。The plan required discussing on schedule at the meeting.The plan _ on schedule at the meeting.这项计划需要在会上按时讨论。required to be discussed(6)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,run,move等。The gym _ at 8 am and _ at 10 pm every day.
11、这家健身房每天上午八点开门，晚上十点关门。openscloses2.不用被动语态的情况不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear，disappear，die，rise，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，spread，stand，break out，come true，belong to，lose heart，take place，run out，come up等。Owing to the heavy snow,the price of vegetables _ recently.由于这场大雪，最近蔬菜的价格上涨了。To our satisfaction,
12、our dream _ at last.令我们满意的是，我们的梦想最终实现了。has risencame true语法二动词短语(verb phrase)一、含义动词短语就是有些动词可以和一些别的词(如名词、副词、介词)构成短语(以动词为中心)，表达一个概念，其作用是和一个单独动词差不多的一种固定搭配。二、动词短语分类1.动词介词此类动词短语均相当于及物动词，其宾语不管是名词、代词，还是动名词，都只能放在介词之后。如：_遭受_毕业于_申请_适应_对付，处理suffer fromgraduate fromapply foradapt todeal with_与不同recover from_ari
13、se from_give up_crash into_respond to_differ from从中康复因产生放弃猛撞，猛击回应，对作出反应从以上短语中选词填空：(1)Nobody knows for sure when he will _ the rare disease.(2)My son who _ a medical school last year has become a doctor.recover fromgraduated from2.动词副词(1)动词副词(不接宾语)_去世_取得成功_发生_取得进步_聚集pass awaypay offcome aboutget ahea
14、dgather aroundwork out_cheep up_calm down_break down_从以上短语中选词填空：My car _ halfway,and that was why I was late for work this morning.It is due to his working hard all day that he _ continually.broke down锻炼高兴起来冷静下来出故障gets ahead(2)动词副词(接宾语)put up_sweep away_put off_throw away_put away_张贴打扫；清除推迟扔掉收起来放好从以
15、上短语中选词填空：She called this afternoon to _ the meeting to next week.Before the Spring Festival,we clean the house to _ bad luck.put off sweep away3.动词副词介词_期盼_参加的选拔_报名参加_跟上_提出put up with_catch up with 赶上make up for_look forward totry out forsign up forkeep up withcome up with忍受，容忍 弥补单句翻译：我们一直盼望的这一天终于到了。
16、_我的导师建议我报名参加高级文学社。_The day that we were looking forward to finally came.My adviser suggested that I should sign up for advanced literature.4.动词名词_网上冲浪_消除某人的疑虑_努力_吸引某人的注意_谋生surf the Internetremove ones doubtmake an effortcatch sb.s eyeearn ones living请根据汉语提示完成句子：_ when she informed me of the good new
17、s.她通知我这个好消息的时候，我正在上网冲浪。The wonderful martial arts performance of the children _.孩子们精彩的武术表演吸引了外国游客的注意。I was surfing the Internet caught theforeign tourists eye5.动词名词介词_利用_注意_参加_看见lose sight of_take pride in_make use of_take advantage ofpay attention totake part incatch sight of看不见为而自豪利用请根据汉语提示完成句子：_,you must sign up before July 3.如果你想参加这次竞赛，你必须在七月三号前报名。To be a good learner,you must _ library books,newspapers and magazines.要成为一个善于学习的人，你必须充分利用图书馆里的书、报纸和杂志。If you want to take part in the competition make full use of
