1、Section BGrammar and usage1.announceannounce sth.to sb.=announce to sb.sth.向某人宣布某事Its announced that 据宣布（It为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句）announcement n.宣布；通告，（一项）公告make an announcement发表公告 announcer n.播音员，广播员练习：China Mobile Shanghai and tech giant Huawei made an _(announce)that they would start the constr
2、uction of 5G network in Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station.announcement2.replacereplace A(with/by B)（用B）接替/取代Areplacement n.替换，更换；替代品；（尤指工作中的）接替者练习：The house which I grew up in has been taken down and replaced _ an office building whose walls are yellow.with/by(1)Whats the leaflet about?Its about the
3、 facilities and courses of a sports centre,which will soon be open to the public once again.(2)How can you find more details about the courses?We can find more details about the courses on the website of the sports centre.Passive voice in the present continuous tenseThe finishing touches are now bei
4、ng put to a new swimming pool.Weight training classes,for example,are being designed Passive voice in the present perfect tenseOur facilities have been enlarged and redone and our workout rooms have been updated with modern equipment.our aerobics class has been replaced with several fun options 语态是英
5、语谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示句子的主语和谓语动词所表达的动作之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者或发出者：被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，当需要指出动作的发出者时，可以用by引出。The flowers are being destroyed by the rain.雨打花落。1.现在进行时的被动语态的基本概述现在进行时的被动语态的基本概述（1）含义现在进行时的被动语态表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的被动动作。（2）结构肯定式：主语+am/is/are being done+其他.Some trees are being cut down
6、in the park.公园里的一些树木正在被砍伐。否定式：主语+am/is/are not being done+其他.It is reported that the water in the lake is not being protected now.据报道，这个湖里的水现在没有得到保护。一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are+主语+being done+其他？Are the babies being looked after by this nurse?这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+am/is/are(+主语）+being done+其他？Who is being tr
7、ained for the coming English speech contest?谁正在为即将到来的英语演讲比赛被培训？Where is the sports meeting being held now?现在正在举办的运动会在哪里举行？2.现在进行时的被动语态的用法现在进行时的被动语态的用法（1）表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常有now，at the moment等时间状语。The topic is being discussed by them at the moment.他们此刻正在讨论这个话题。He is now being treated in China.现在，他正在中国
8、接受治疗。（2）表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作（说话时不一定在进行）。These animals are being hunted at such a high speed that they will disappear soon.这些动物被猎杀的速度如此之快，它们很快就会消失。（3）表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often 等词连用，含有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。I feel very surprised that the window of our classroom is often being broken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的窗户经常被打破
9、。Tom is always being praised by the teacher.汤姆总是被老师表扬。（4）与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。Jim may be being interviewed by the reporters at the very moment.吉姆此刻可能正在接受记者的采访。Do you know what Mr Smith is doing?你知道史密斯先生正在做什么吗？He is ill.He may be being examined by the doctor.他病了。他可能正在接受医生的检查。3.现在进行时的被动语态的注意事项现在进行时
10、的被动语态的注意事项（1）不可遗漏being。现在进行时的被动语态表示说话时正在进行的被动动作，如果我们把being漏掉，即成为一般现在时的被动语态。Look!The children are being taken care of by their aunt.瞧！孩子们正由他们的姑妈照看着。Children are taken good care of at school.孩子们在学校里被照顾得很好。（一般现在时的被动语态）（2）现在进行时的被动语态也可以表示将来。现在进行时的被动语态有时可表示按计划或安排将要进行的被动动作（此种用法仅限于少数及物动词hold，take等）。A party
11、is being held tonight.今晚将要举行一场晚会。（3）现在进行时的被动语态有时也可以转换为“be+介词（under/in等）+名词”结构。The problem is under discussion(=is being discussed)at the meeting.会上正在讨论这个问题。The telephone is in use(=is being used)now.这部电话正在使用中。1.现在完成时的被动语态的基本概述现在完成时的被动语态的基本概述（1）含义现在完成时的被动语态表示已完成的被动动作。（2）结构肯定式：主语+have/has been done+其他
12、.The bridge over the Yellow River has just been completed.黄河上的这座桥刚刚建成。The plan has been studied by the experts last month.这个计划在上个月已经由专家研究过了。否定式：主语+have/has not been done+其他.They havent been told the exciting news yet,have they?还没有人告诉他们这个令人激动的消息，是吗？The second-hand car has not been sold.这辆二手汽车还没有被卖出去。
13、一般疑问式：Have/Has+主语+been done+其他?一Has her work been finished?她的工作完成了吗?一Yes,it has.是的，完成了。特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done+其他？How long has the machine been used?这台机器使用多久了?2.现在完成时的被动语态的用法现在完成时的被动语态的用法（1）表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till no
14、w，since等连用。The room has already been cleaned.这个房间已经被打扫干净了。（现在已经不用打扫房间了）The doctor hasnt been sent for yet.还没有派人去请医生。（现在应派人去请医生）（2）表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语（从句）连用，或用于how long引出的句子中。The machine has been repaired for two hours.这台机器已经被修两个小时了。（可能还会继续被修）How long has the projec
15、t been carried out?这项工程已经实施多长时间了？（可能还会继续实施）（3）用在时间状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。Well start as soon as the work has been finished.这份工作一完成我们就立即动身。3.现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项（1）现在完成时的被动语态中的have/has和been不可缺失。（2）现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去的某个时间，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示一个被动的动作或状态尽管发生在过
16、去，但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响（或产生了结果）。The big fire was put out two hours ago.大火在两小时前被扑灭了。The big fire has been put out.大火已经被扑灭了。1.My washing machine _ this week,so I have to wash my clothes by hand.A.was repaired B.is repaired C.is being repaired D.has been repaired2.Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agre
17、ement _ so far by the two sides.A.has been reached B.was reached C.will reach D.will have reached3.Shakespeares play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years.A.had been made B.was made C.has been made D.would be made4.Fire extinguishers(灭火器)are located on each floor and in each
18、 apartment.Use a fire extinguisher only if you _(train)to do so.5.The dictionary is out of date:many words _(add)to the language since it was published.6.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations _(employ)only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.ha
19、ve been trainedhave been addedhave been employed7.We wont start the work until all the preparations _.A.are being made B.will be made C.have been made D.had been made8.Amy,as well as her brothers,_ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A.is given B.are given C.was given D.were give9
20、.The machine is working again!Yes,it broke down yesterday,but it _.A.has been fixed B.is being fixed C.had been fixed D.would be fixed(1)The city government is building a new community sports centre.A new community sports centre is being built(by the city government).(2)Some workers are painting the
21、 walls in the workout rooms.The walls in the workout rooms are being painted(by some workers).(3)People have told me the new workout rooms are very modern.I have been told that the new workout rooms are very modern.(4)Jennys PE teacher has asked her to make an exercise plan.Jenny has been asked to make an exercise plan(by her PE teacher).(5)The teachers are testing students on their knowledge of fitness.Students are being tested on their knowledge of fitness(by the teachers).
