1、UNIT 3Getting along with othersGrammar and usageGrammar and usageRestrictive relative clauses with relative pronounsLead-inCompare the following sentences and read them aloud.(1)People have close friends.People naturally enjoy their company.People who have close friends naturally enjoy their company
2、.(2)He is rich enough.He has true friends.He is rich enough who has true friends.(3)Friendship is a precious wealth.One searches for it all his life.Friendship is a precious wealth(that)one searches for all his life.Exploring the rules Read a magazine article in Part A on Page 34 and find out the re
3、strictive relative clauses with relative pronouns.1.A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.2.A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.3.A real friend is someone who sees our true self,not just the face that we show to the world.4.the modern tools tha
4、t keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.5.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love.6.“Sharing”our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us.7.“Linking”our friends photos online does not develop the
5、 connection which we share.The girl who is in red is my sister.the antecedent()the restrictive relative clausesthe relative pronounthe main clauseCombine the following sentences using relative clauses.(1)The trees are in front of the library.They have lost their leaves.The trees which are in front o
6、f the library have lost their leaves.“Which”functions as the subject in the relative clause.(2)We saw the worker just now.He is the best engineer in our factory.The worker(whom)we saw just now is the best engineer in our factory.“Whom”functions as the object in the relative clause.We can leave out“w
7、ho”“whom”“which”and“that”when they are the objects in the relative clause.(3)It used to be a farm.It is no longer a farm.It is no longer the farm that it used to be.“That”functions as the predicative in the relative clause.(4)He has a sister.I cant remember her name.He has a sister whose name I cant
8、 remember.“Whose”functions as the attributive in the relative clause.Applying the rules Finish the table below.人人物物主语主语宾语宾语定语定语thatwhothatwhichthatwhowhomthatwhichwhosewhoseFinish“Working out the rules”on Page 34.which A restrictive relative clause modifies a noun，pronoun or noun phrase before it.We
9、 use relative pronouns or relative adverbs to introduce restrictive relative clauses.We use（1）for things，and（2）and whom for people.We can use（3）for both things and people.We use（4）to show possession.whothatwhose1.In some cases,only“that”can be used as the relative pronouns while“which”or“who”cant.Th
10、ey are:(1)When the antecedent is an indefinite pronoun such as“all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much”.e.g.Im sure she has something(that)you want.(2)When the antecedent is a noun or noun phrase with such determiners as“all,every,no,some,any,little,much”.e.g.I have read all the books(
11、that)you wrote.(3)When the antecedent takes a premodifier in the superlative degree or an ordinal numeral.e.g.This is the best movie(that)I have ever seen.(4)When the antecedent is a noun or noun phrase modified by“the only,the very,the same,the last,the right”.e.g.This is the very book(that)Im look
12、ing for.(5)When the antecedent includes both persons and things.e.g.Do you know the persons and things(that)they are talking about?(6)When the main clause begins with“which”or“who”.Which is the dress(that)you like best?Who is the girl that won the gold medal?(7)When the antecedent functions as the p
13、redicative in the relative clause.e.g.My hometown is no longer the village that it used to be.2.After a preposition,the relative pronoun can only be“which”or “whom”.The park is a place which/that I often go to.=The park is a place to which I often go.This is the woman the daughter of whom is a famou
14、s teacher.=This is the woman whose daughter is a famous teacher.We have three foreign teachers,two of whom are from Canada.The old man has two sons,both of whom are doctors.He spent four years in college,during which time he studied computer science.3.The relative pronoun after“the way”can be“that”“
15、in which”or no relative pronoun.e.g.I dont like the way(that/in which)you talk to me.1.Rewrite the sentences using restrictive relative clauses in Part B1 on Page 35.1Common interests provide rich ground.Many friendships grow from rich ground.Common interests provide rich ground .2When friends commu
16、nication is warm and open，friendships grow best.Friendships grow best between friends .3Friendships are like flowers.These flowers need to be taken good care of.Friendships are like flowers .4A relationship with a true friend will surely produce fruit.You can count on a true friend.A relationship wi
17、th a true friend will surely produce fruit.5You have been helped by others.To make friends，you should help others in the same way.To make friends，you should help others the way.from which many friendships growwhose communication is warm and openwhich/that need to be taken good care of（whom/that/who）
18、you can count on（in which/that）you have been helped2.Complete the passage in B2 with correct relative pronouns where necessary.In Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn，the friendship（1）forms between Huck Finn and Jim is an important theme of the book，though they appear to be an unlikely pair.Hu
19、ck is a poor white boy（2）father often beats him，while Jim is a black（3）longs to be free.One day，Huck runs away from home to an island.There he meets Jim and makes friends with him.Then they leave the island together on a raft（4）they find on the Mississippi River.They head north to Illinois，a state i
20、n（5）Jim can become free.The high point of the story comes when Huck is faced with the decision of whether to hand Jim over to some slave catchers.In the end，Huck decides that Jim is a friend（6）he needs and values，and refuses to give him up.From this story we can see that friends are people（7）_suppor
21、t you through thick and thin.that/whichwhosewho/thatwhich/that/不填whichwhom/that/who/不填who/that3.Work in pairs to describe a classmate of yours,using relative clauses where necessary.Then share your descriptions in class without telling the name of the person who is described and let the other studen
22、ts guess who you are talking about.单元语法关系代词引导的限制性定语关系代词引导的限制性定语从句从句1 限制性定语从句概述：概述：在复合句中作定语，修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。限制性定语从句是定语从句的分支。限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，若省略，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义，和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号分开。先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系词是引导定语从句的词，并代替先行词在从句中作一定的句子成分。构成构成：附：单元语法精讲精练附：单元语法精讲精练观察观察定语从句体会其作用定语从句体会其作用1.Do
23、you know the man that/who is waiting outside?2.He showed me the photos（that/which）he took on his trip to Xian.3.Simon is the poor man whose car has been stolen.(1)例句1中的黑体词在定语从句中作，不可省略。(2)例句2中的黑体词在定语从句中作，可以省略。(3)例句3中的黑体词在定语从句中作。主语宾语定语2 定语从句的先行词及关系代词定语从句的先行词及关系代词God helps those who/that help themselve
24、s.上帝帮助自强的人。This is the factory which/that we once visited.这是我们曾经参观过的工厂。There came a lot of children，most of whom I didnt know.来了许多孩子，大多数我都不认识。Thats the man whose house has burned down.那就是那个房屋烧毁的人。【误区警示误区警示】（1）在定语从句中作动词宾语时或介词后用 whom，不用 who，口语中 whom 前无介词时可用 that 或 who 代替。（2）关系代词在从句中作宾语时，通常可以省略。The man
25、（whom/who/that）you saw just now is our manager.你刚才看见的男子是我们的经理。（3）whose既可以指人也可以指物，既可以说“某人的”，也可以说“某物的”。I dont want to pay for the book whose cover is lost.我不想为这本没有封面的书付款。单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)Is this the book which your father bought for you?_(2)Who is the man that is speaking to your mother?_(3)They rushed
26、over to help the man whose car had broken down._ 用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子(4)This is the house.Lu Xun once lived in the house.This is the house _.(5)The boy is Tom.The boy is studying in the classroom.The boy _ is Tom.单句语法填空单句语法填空(6)Do you know everyone _came to the party?No，I dont know the one _you had a
27、long talk with.(7)词汇复现 I admire my classmates _ English is good.(8)The report _will be given tomorrow is important to us.the bookthe manthat/which Lu Xun once lived inthat/who is studying in the classroomwho/that whosethe manwhom/who/thatwhich/that3 关系关系代词代词 that 与与 which 的区别的区别用用 that 而不用而不用 which
28、的情况的情况（1）先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰。（2）先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被其修饰。（3）先行词前有 the very，the only 等修饰。（4）先行词既有人也有物。（5）先行词前有疑问代词 which 时。（6）there be 句型中，句子的主语是先行词而且又是指物的名词。（7）先行词为主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语。用用 which 的情况的情况（1）引导非限制性定语从句。（先行词和后面的定语从句被逗号隔开）Paper-cutting，which is a traditional art form in our country，dates from the Han
29、 Dynasty.剪纸可追溯到汉朝，它是我们国家的传统艺术形式。（2）在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时。This is the book for which I paid five dollars.这就是我花 5 美元买的那本书。【学法点拨学法点拨】学习语法（定语从句）时，我们不要为太多的规则所累，要学会抓住其核心知识，如关系代词 that 和 which 的区别，我们不难发现，that的用法多于 which，因此我们只要谨记 which 的特殊用法，自然就不会用错。单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)Is there anything I can do for you?(2)I l
30、ike the very method she uses to learn English.(3)Who was the woman you were talking with?(4)Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.(5)In the end，she decided to sell the house windows were almost all broken.(6)This is the most interesting story I have ever read.(7)Im really interested in
31、 allyou have said.(8)Here is the book about I told you yesterday.(9)When people talk about the cities of China，the first comes into their mind is Beijing.(10)词 汇 复 现 Tom has the good qualities of kindness and honesty，is whathis parents expect.thatthat/whichwhosewhichthatthatthatthatthatwhichLanguage
32、 points核心词汇核心词汇 教材原句p.34 A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。1 count on 依赖，依靠，指望（=depend/rely on)You can count on me.你可以指望我。I can count on my best friend to help me.我可以指望我最好的朋友来帮我。【归纳拓展】count up 计算，算出总数 count in 把计算在内，把作为参加者算进去 count out 不把考虑或计算在内Will you please cou
33、nt up these figures for me?请你替我把这些数字加起来好吗？There were fifty-two persons present，counting in the babies.在场的共有五十二个人，包括婴儿在内。题组练领悟方法单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)The whole team count Cristiano Ronaldo，and he seldom lets them down.(2)Im counting on you（be）on my side!(3)Go and see how many desks we have，but dont count th
34、ese broken ones.(4)Count all our money and see if we have enough for the adventure.完成句子完成句子(5)That was the only thing （他们可以指望的）.(6)Dont（把他算在内）.onto beinup（that）they could count oncount him in教材原句p.34 Yet these days,the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.
35、然而如今，让我们保持联系的现代工具正在侵蚀友谊的意义。2eat away at 腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏eat away 连续不断地吃eat in 在家吃饭；在学校就餐eat out 在外吃饭，下馆子eat up 吃光；耗费；吞没；使苦恼If a bad memory or feeling eats away at someone，it makes them feel more and more unhappy.如果糟糕的记忆或感觉侵蚀了一个人，它使他们感到越来越不快乐。Eat away，children；you are welcome to all you want.吃吧，孩子们；尽情地吃吧。T
36、om was really hungry and ate up everything served.汤姆确实饿坏了，把端到桌上的东西吃得精光。单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)The sea has been eating away this cliff（悬崖）for centuries.(2)Be a good boy and eat your vegetables.(3)Dont eat the classroom.(4)They have been eating for more than three hours.(5)词 汇 复 现 I feel like eating today.Wha
37、t about you?atupinawayout教材原句p.34 To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person.为了让朋友成为我们生活中真实的一部分，我们应该放下智能手机和他们亲自见面。3in person 亲自，亲身（=personally）He will attend the meeting in person.他将亲自参加会议。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】in the person of 以的身份；代表be ones own person 做
38、自己喜欢的事；保持自己的喜好He is in the person of his father for the banquet.他以他父亲的名义赴宴。Being your own person releases your creativity.保持自己的本色才有助于发挥自身创造力。单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)If you cant be there person，the next best thing is watching it on TV.(2)The manager solved the difficult problem（personal）.(3)He spoke in the pe
39、rson Xinhua News Agency（新华社）.完成句子完成句子(4)You had better （亲自向他求助）.inpersonallyof turn to him for help in person重点句式教材原句p.34 To make friends a real part of our lives，we should put down our smartphones and meet them in person.为了让朋友成为我们生活中真实的一部分，我们应该放下智能手机和他们亲自见面。【句式分析句式分析】本句使用了 To make friends a real pa
40、rt of our lives 不定式短语作目的状语。动词不定式 不定式作为非谓语动词，在句子中除了不能作谓语外，其他成分基本都可以充当（作状语、定语、主语、宾语、表语、宾补等）I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高了嗓门以便让别人听到我的话。（作状语）Ive got much work to do.我有很多工作要做。（作定语）To see is to believe.眼见为实。（作主语，作表语）He didnt even bother to say thank you.他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯。（作宾语）With so much work to
41、do，I cant go on holiday.有这么多工作要做，我不能去度假。（作宾语补足语）Its worthwhile to consider the matter.这件事值得考虑。（it 作形式主语，不定式作真正主语）词汇复现He makes it a rule never to borrow money.他定下一个规矩，绝不向人借钱。（it 作形式宾语，不定式作真正宾语）【误区警示误区警示】不定式作状语常作目的状语，也可作结果状语（往往指不好的，出乎意料的结果）。He hurried to get to the station，to find the train gone.他匆忙赶到
42、车站，结果发现火车已经走了。（作结果状语）单句语法填空单句语法填空(1)词 汇 复 现 Im going to take advantage of this tour （explore）the history of the castle（城堡）.(2)He is always the first（come）and the last （leave）.(3)词汇复现 With a lot of homework（do），I decided not to watch the performance with you.(4)There was a time when Anne was so crazy
43、 about everything（do）with nature.(5)2018北京卷 She and her family bicycle（work），which helps them keep fit.(6)Finally，Id like（express）my sincere thanks to all those who have helped me.完成句子完成句子(7)词汇复现 This place is so heavily polluted.It is time for us（采取措施）to protect the environment.(8)（为了赶上第一班公交车），we are to get up earlier.to exploreto cometo leaveto doto doto work to express to take measures To catch the first busTHE END
