1、专题九 并列连词和状语从句,-2-,高考感悟,考点归纳,.单句语法填空 1.(2018北京卷) If we dont stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will be gone. 2.(2017北京卷)If you dont understand something,you may research,study,and talk to other people until you figure it out. 3.(2018江苏卷) Unless you can sleep well,you will lose t
2、he ability to focus,plan and stay motivated after one or two nights. 4.(2017浙江卷)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. 5.(2017天津卷)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they get sweet enough to be eaten.,-3-,高考感悟,考点归纳,.单句改错 1.(2018全国卷)At the end of
3、 our trip,I told my father that I planned to return every two years,but he agreed. butand 2.(2018全国卷)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life. wherewhen 3.(2017全国卷) I thought I had learned the instructors orders,so once I started the car,my min
4、d went blank. sobut 4.(2017全国卷) I have grown not only physically,and also mentally in the past few years. andbut,-4-,高考感悟,考点归纳,5.(2016全国卷)Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area. 去掉but 6.(2016全国卷)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for coo
5、king. orand 7.(2016全国卷)If we stay at home,it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. butand,-5-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点一 连词 在句中连接单词、短语、从句或者句子的词为连词。根据句子的结构特点,连词通常分为并列连词和从属连词。 1.并列连词按照在句中的作用可分为:表并列关系的连词(and,as well as,both.and.,not only.but also.,neither.nor.等)、表转折关系的连词(but,yet,while等)、表选择关系的连词(or,ei
6、ther.or.等)、表因果关系的连词(for,so等)。 Give me a chance,and Ill give you a wonderful surprise. 给我一个机会,我会给你一个很大的惊喜。 I was glad to meet Jenny again,but I didnt want to spend all day with her. 再次见到珍妮我很高兴,但是我不想整天和她在一起。,-6-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.引导状语从句的从属连词主要有:if,as,when,while,till,until,since,after,before,because,though,a
7、lthough,so.that,where等。 I dont really like the author,although I have to admit his books are very exciting. 我实在不喜欢这位作者,尽管我不得不承认他写的书很激动人心。,-7-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点二 时间状语从句 1.when,while,as都可译为“当的时候”,但侧重点有所不同。 当主句动作是瞬时的、从句动作是延续的时,三者都可以用。 as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。 while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,不能是非延续性动词。 She sang as we walke
8、d.I listened carefully while she was singing,and we felt happy when we got home. 我们一边走她一边唱,她唱的时候我认真地听,到家的时候我们感觉很高兴。 2.until 和not.until until要与延续性动词连用;not.until 要与非延续性动词连用。 He didnt go to bed until his father came back. 他直到父亲回来才上床睡觉。,-8-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.since意为“自从以来”,其后面所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。 It is
9、 two years since he joined the army.他参军两年了。 It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。,-9-,高考感悟,考点归纳,4.特殊的时间状语从句的引导词 the moment,the minute,the instant,the second;no sooner.than.;hardly.when.等以及表示瞬间的directly,immediately等词,表示“一就”,相当于as soon as。no sooner.than.,hardly.when.结构中no sooner和hardly引导的句子通常用过去完成时,
10、而than和when引导的句子通常要用一般过去时;此外,no sooner和hardly位于句首时,句子应用部分倒装语序。 Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom. 你一见到汤姆就告诉他这个消息吧。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。,-10-,高考感悟,考点归纳,5.by the time 也可以引导时间状语从句,意为“到时为止”,主句一般用完成时。 By the time he was fourteen,Einstein had learned advanced mat
11、hematics all by himself.(从句为一般过去时,主句要用过去完成时) 到十四岁的时候,爱因斯坦已经自学完高等数学了。,-11-,高考感悟,考点归纳,6.几组固定形式 (1)It will be+一段时间+before.多久之后才 (2)It is+一段时间+since.自从以来已有多长时间了。 (3)be about to do.when.;be doing.when.;on the point of doing.when.正在/要做这时 It will be two days before he returns. 要过两天他才回来。 It is three years s
12、ince I came here.我来这里三年了。 I was doing my homework when my cousin came. 我正在做作业,这时候我表弟来了。 I was about to go out/on the point of going out when the phone rang. 我正要出去,这时电话响了。,-12-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点三 结果状语从句 常用句型: so+形容词/副词+that从句 so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句 so+many/much/little/few+名词+that从句 such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词
13、+that从句 such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句 He is so young that he cannot go to school. 他太小了以至于不能上学。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk. 天气这么好,以至于我们都想出去散步。,-13-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点四 原因状语从句 1.because为常用词,其语气最重,且说明的是直接原因,用来回答why引导的问句。 2.as,since和now that语气较弱,常用来表示一些显而易见或对方知道的原因。since译为“既然
14、,鉴于”时不可用as替换。 Mark needs to learn Chinese since his company is opening a branch in Beijing. 马克有必要学习汉语,因为他的公司正在北京开设分支机构。 As its raining,youd better take a taxi. 由于在下雨,你最好坐出租车。 Since everybody is here,lets begin. 既然大家都在,那我们就开始吧。,-14-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点五 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有:though,although,while,even if/thou
15、gh,however,no matter how,no matter what,no matter who等。 1.though,although引导让步状语从句时都不能和but连用,但可以同yet(still)连用。 Although/Though small,the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries. 尽管这个公司很小,但它在30多个国家里有大约1000个购买者。 2.while引导让步状语从句时意为“尽管,虽然”,多用于句首。 While there was no conclusive evidence,most pe
16、ople thought he was guilty. 虽然没有令人信服的证据,但大多数人都认为他有罪。,-15-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.as/though引导让步从句时,从句要采用倒装语序。 Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do. 他尽管是个孩子,但他知道怎样做是正确的。 Young as/though he is,he is expert in this field. 他虽然年轻,但在这个领域是专家。 4.whether.or not意为“无论(是否)”。 Whether you believe it
17、or not,it is true. 不管你信不信,这是真的。 5.however+形容词/副词=no matter how+形容词/副词,意为“无论多么”。 One can always manage to do more things,no matter how full ones schedule is in life.一个人总是可以设法做更多的事情,不管在生活中时间表安排得有多满。,-16-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点六 条件状语从句 条件状语从句通常分为两大类:真实条件句和虚拟条件句。引导条件状语从句的连词有:if,unless/if.not,as long as/so long as
18、,as far as/so far as,provided/providing(that),on condition that等。 1.条件状语从句中如果主句是将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时;如果条件状语从句中出现过去时及其相应时态,则为虚拟条件句,那么主句要用相应的虚拟语气形式。 If he had listened carefully,he would have done it better. 如果他认真听讲的话,他会做得更好些。,-17-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.unless 相当于if.not,在虚拟条件句中可用if.not,但不能用unless。 She says that she
19、ll have to close the shop unless business improves. 她说如果生意不见什么起色的话她就将店关了。 If she were not too silly,she would understand it. 要不是她太笨的话,她就理解了。,-18-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点七 地点状语从句 地点状语从句多用where和wherever引导。 Where he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. 在他曾经想要放弃的
20、地方,他现在下定决心要推进一步,继续前行。,-19-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点八 目的状语从句 目的状语从句常用的连词(短语)有so that(以便),in order that(以便),in case等。 1.so that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句中常用情态动词can,could等。in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后,而so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后。 Take action today so that/in order that you wont miss your opportunity next time. 今
21、天就行动起来,这样下次机会来时你就不会错过了。,-20-,高考感悟,考点归纳,2.in case 所引导的状语从句中,谓语可以用虚拟语气,形式为“should+动词原形”,也可以不用虚拟语气。 You may leave the key at home in case one of us should think of/thinks of coming back. 你可以把钥匙留在家里,以免我们中有人想起要回来。,-21-,高考感悟,考点归纳,考点九 方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由as(按照),just as(正像),as if/as though(仿佛,好像;从句可用虚拟语气)等引导。 Th
22、e old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. 这位老太太对待这个男孩就像是自己的儿子一样。,-22-,.单句语法填空 1.Building a skyscraper in the 21st century is much easier than it used to be. 2.It is so cold that you cant go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes. 3.I havent heard from him since he went to America.
23、4.To such a degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night. 5.You should make it a rule to leave things where you can find them again. 6.If you miss this chance,it may be years before you get another one. 7.They decided to cancel the trip because/since/as nobody was very enthusiastic about i
24、t.,-23-,8.Firstly,find more chances to listen and speak more,and you will find it easier to learn Chinese. 9.Hardly had he arrived in Hong Kong when he rang me up. 10.Young as/though she is,she has traveled to many countries to put on shows.,-24-,.单句改错 1.The train had just started while John and his
25、 friend arrived at the station. whilewhen 2.Now that you are familiar with the topic,and please tell us about it. 去掉and 3.It is two months before I tried to break away from my old lifestyle. beforesince 4.Second,I have been learning painting after I was a small boy. aftersince 5.Although it was rain
26、ing,but they still worked in the fields. 去掉but,-25-,.短文改错 Hello,boys and girls!Today,I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off.If you hear the alarm,stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.Stay close to your teacher and classmate.Dont panic or ge
27、t out of line,and trying to remain quiet and calmly.Soon the firefighter will come and put out a fire.If its a false alarm and there is no fire,your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt,tell your teacher immediately.,-26-,答案:第二句:withabout;gogoes 第三句:wait后加for 第四句:classmateclassmates 第五句:tryingtry;calmlycalm 第六句:athe 第七句:usyou 第八句:去掉when;andor,
