1、考点分类练(四)推理判断题观点态度类A(2022山东潍坊一模)Being taken off the endangered species list doesnt guarantee a carefree future for whales.Recent research estimates that the population of Pacific gray whales of North Americas West has dwindled by almost a quarter since 2016.Starting in 2019,alarming numbers of the de
2、ad were spotted on beaches and floating offshore throughout their habitat,from Mexico to Alaska.The National Marine Fisheries Service defined it as an “Unusual Mortality Event”.UMEs are declared when a “significant die-off” occurs and when information is collected to clarify why it occurs.The Arctic
3、 has historically low levels of sea ice in recent years,upending the delicate ecosystem that sustains gray whales.Like other migrators,they dont feed on their winter breeding(繁殖) grounds or along their migration,and must gain weight during the summer to sustain themselves through the rest of the yea
4、r.Observers using air photography noted the whales looked skinnier and arrived in Mexico in poor condition,which suggests they were not finding enough food during the summer.This die-off is alarmingly similar to the events of 20 years ago,with another UME resulting in a significant drop in the gray
5、whale population.Although the cause was ultimately undetermined,its thought that the population reached “carrying capacity”it grew too large for the environment to support it.Although that idea has been suggested for this die-off as well,its more likely blamed on the changing conditions of the Arcti
6、c.Gray whales,hunted almost to extinction by the mid-20th century,were one of the first to be protected from hunting.The Eastern North Pacific population rebounded without pressure from whaling and was taken off the endangered species list;the Western North Pacific population is still listed as enda
7、ngered.This die-off is a reminder that “delisting” doesnt indicate a populations secure future.New threats arise,climate change upends habitats,and continued monitoring is needed in case a crash comes.1.What does the underlined word “dwindled” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Increased.B.Bounced.C.Multiplied.D
8、.Dropped.2.What will gray whales usually do in winter?A.Consume few calories.B.Travel south to breed.C.March back to Alaska.D.Seek food in the Arctic.3.What might be the main cause of the current UME?A.Serious illnesses.B.Sea pollution.C.Environmental changes.D.Limited carrying capacity.4.Whats the
9、authors attitude to the “delisting”?A.Favorable.B.Concerned.C.Intolerant.D.Regretful.B(2022广东湛江二模)Hua Sheng and Lu Sheng,a retired Tibetan couple,have become trailblazers(开拓者) of grape growing and wine-making in their old ages.Lu Sheng learned grape planting and winemaking from her grandmothers sist
10、er.Since they retired,the couple have moved to Lhasa from the village of Yakhadi.Though the fact that the regions capital,which is 3,600 meters above sea level,is considered unfit for growing grapes,Lu Sheng and Hua Sheng began an ambitious project in 2015,planting grapes in Tsalna,a town in the sub
11、urb of Lhasa.They received support from the local government,which is committed to developing business and the economy.The couples project provides jobs for rural residents,and,as a result,the government has considered the project part of its poverty relief program.“Lhasa is an ideal place for plant
12、ing French grape varieties that are resistant to cold,drought and disease,and adaptable to high-altitude and open-air planting,” Lu Sheng said.“Thanks to the plateaus sunshine and organic planting,our grapes grow very well here in Lhasa.The grapes are a bit sour and sweet,and they have a high anthoc
13、yanin(花青素) content,” she said.Anthocyanins,which are in grape cells and contribute rich color to wine,are water-soluble(水溶性的).In 2018,Hua Sheng and Lu Sheng expanded their project,planting on nearly 6.67 hectares.In order to familiarize Tibetan farmers with grape planting and winemaking,they taught
14、the skills to local villagers.“We have successfully taught the local farmers how to grow grapes and make wine over the three years.They now have a new source of income besides traditional farming and herding,” Hua Sheng said.Yudron,a resident of Nam,said she was grateful to the grape planting projec
15、t in her village,which has contributed to her income and quality of life.“After working in the vineyards for years,now we know how to make wine.We drink both barley and grape wine now.We love grape wine more,though,as it is healthier.”5.What did the couple do after their retirement?A.They grew grape
16、s and made wine in Lhasa.B.They made friends with a French expert.C.They moved to another city from Lhasa.D.They learned grape planting from Hua Shengs grandmother.6.Why was the couples project thought of as a poverty relief program?A.They donated grapes to local schools.B.They provided free wine fo
17、r villagers.C.They employed local residents as workers.D.They expanded the project with the local government.7.Which is the function of anthocyanins?A.They make grapes more delicious.B.They can accelerate the growth of grapes.C.They make grapes a bit sour and sweet.D.They provide rich colors for win
18、e.8.For the project conducted by the couple,Yudron is .A.appreciativeB.cautiousC.indifferentD.hesitateCSeveral years ago,Jason Box,a scientist from Ohio,flew 31 giant rolls of white plastic to a glacier(冰川) in Greenland.He and his team spread them across 10,000 feet of ice,then left.His idea was tha
19、t the white blanket would reflect back the rays of the sun,keeping the ice cool below.When he came back to check the results,he found it worked.Exposed ice had melted faster than covered ice.He had saved two feet of glacier in a short time.No coal plants were shut down,no jobs were lost,and nobody w
20、as taxed or fired.Just the sort of fix were looking for.“Thank you,but no thank you,” says Ralph King,a climate scientist.He told Grey Childs,author and commentator,that people think technology can save the planet,“but there are other things we need to deal with,like consumption.They burned $50,000
21、just for the helicopter to bring the plastic to the glacier”.This experiment,quote-unquote,gives people false hope that climate change can be fixed without changing human behavior.It cant.Technology wont give us a free ride.Individuals respond to climate change differently.Climatologist Kelly Smith
22、is hardly alone in her prediction that someday soon we wont be climate victims,we will be climate choosers.More scientists agree with her that if the human race survives,the engineers will get smarter,the tools will get better,and one day we will control the climate.But that then?“Just the mention o
23、f us controlling the climate sent a small shiver down my back,”Grey writes.“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will,” he says.Me?I like it better when the earth takes care of itself.I guess one day we will have to run the place,but for the moment,sitting at my desk,looking out at
24、the trees bending wildly and the wind howling,Im happy not to be in charge.9.Why does the author mention Jason Boxs experiment in the first paragraph?A.To introduce a possible solution to climate change.B.To describe a misleading attempt to fix the climate.C.To report on a successful experiment on s
25、aving the glacier.D.To arouse peoples attention to the problem of global warming.10.Which statement would Ralph King most probably agree with?A.The fight against climate change will not succeed.B.Technology isnt the final solution,let alone its high cost.C.Its best to deal with climate change withou
26、t changing our behavior.D.Jasons experiment plays a significant role in fixing climate change.11.What is Grey Childss attitude to humans controlling the climate?A.Favorable.B.Tolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.12.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A.But Should We Fix the Climate?B.Is
27、 Climate Change a Real Problem?C.How Can We Take Care of the Earth?D.What If All the Glaciers Disappeared?考点分类练(四)推理判断题观点态度类【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。灰鲸从濒危物种名目中除名,但并不意味着其在未来的发展中可以无忧无虑。有研究估计,灰鲸死亡数量越来越多,可能是由于食物不足和气候变化,其中环境的改变是关键因素。1.D解析: 词义猜测题。文章首句“Being taken off the endangered species list doesnt guarantee a c
28、arefree future for whales.”和下文2016年、2019年的例子都在说灰鲸数量的急剧减少,由此可知,画线词应表示“减少,下降”,故选D项。2.B解析: 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Like other migrators,they dont feed on their winter breeding grounds or along their migration,and must gain weight during the summer to sustain themselves through the rest of the year(和其他迁徙者一样,它们不在冬季
29、繁殖地或迁徙途中进食,必须在夏季增加体重,以维持一年余下的时间).”可知,冬天灰鲸会南迁繁殖,故选B项。3.C解析: 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Although the cause was ultimately undetermined,its thought that the population reached carrying capacityit grew too large for the environment to support it.Although that idea has been suggested for this die-off as well,its more
30、 likely blamed on the changing conditions of the Arctic(尽管最终原因尚未确定,但人们认为灰鲸数量已经达到了承载能力数量增长过快,环境无法承受。虽然这种观点也被认为是导致这种灭绝的原因,但它更有可能被归咎于北极环境的变化).”可知,环境变化才是数量减少的关键因素,故选C项。4.B解析: 观点态度题。由最后一段中的“This die-off is a reminder that delisting doesnt indicate a populations secure future.New threats arise,climate cha
31、nge upends habitats,and continued monitoring is needed in case a crash comes(这次灭绝提醒人们,除名并不意味着一个种群的未来就安全了。新的威胁出现了,气候变化颠覆了栖息地,我们仍需持续监测,以防崩溃发生).”可知,作者对灰鲸的未来表示担忧,故选B项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。一对退休的西藏夫妇在晚年搬到拉萨城郊,他们在那里种葡萄和酿制葡萄酒,并为农村居民提供工作,促进了当地的发展。5.A解析: 细节理解题。由第一段和第二段内容可知,这对夫妻在拉萨城郊种植葡萄和酿制葡萄酒,故选A项。6.C解析: 细节理解题。由第三段
32、中的“The couples project provides jobs for rural residents,and,as a result,the government has considered the project part of its poverty relief program.”可知,他们的项目为农村居民提供工作,因而被当地政府看作扶贫项目,故选C项。7.D解析: 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Anthocyanins,which are in grape cells and contribute rich color to wine,are water-soluble
33、.”可知,花青素为葡萄酒增添了浓郁的颜色,故选D项。8.A解析: 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Yudron,a resident of Nam,said she was grateful to the grape planting project in her village,which has contributed to her income and quality of life.”可知,对这对夫妇的项目,Yudron心怀感激,故选A项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。不同的科学家对于是否“控制气候”有不同的观点,而作者主张“地球自己照料自己”,即反对人类控制气候。9.B解析: 细节理解题
34、。由第一段信息可知,一个名叫 Jason Box 的科学家做了一个试验,尝试用白色塑料覆盖冰川,以达到保护冰川的目的,从而引出下文对人类干预气候的可行性的探讨,故选B项。10.B解析: 细节理解题。由第二段第二句和最后一句可知,人们认为科技能够拯救地球,但是人们还需要解决其他像能源消耗这样的问题。科学家们做试验乘坐的直升机花费了50 000美金,科技不会让人们免费乘车,故选B项。11.C解析: 推理判断题。由题干中的 Grey Childs把答案定位在第三段。由第三段最后一句“Something sounded wrong about stopping ice by our own will, he says.”,由此可推断,此人对于人类控制气候的观点持怀疑态度,故选C项。12.A解析: 主旨大意题。文章先是列举不同的科学家对于控制气候的观点,最后一段作者提出“更喜欢地球自己照料自己”这一观点,由此可知A项为最佳标题。
