1、专题六专题六 动词和动词短语动词和动词短语热点考向一常用动词或动词短语辨析1.adapt与adjust(1)adapt“适合,适应”,指修改或改变以适应新条件。(2)adjust指“调整,调节”,使之适应。He adapted himself to the cold weather.他适应了寒冷的气候。You cant see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes.你把望远镜调节到适合你的角度之后,你才看得见。2.afford,provide,supply,offer(1)afford指为以后的日子提供所需要的东西,表示
2、“向某人提供某物”时,用afford sb.sth.;afford与can,be able to,could连用,表示“担负得起,买得起某物,抽得出时间”。(2)provide指为某人、某物供应某物品,尤其指生活用品,表示“向某人提供某物”用provide sth.for sb./provide sb.with sth.。(3)supply指供应或提供需要的东西,表示“向某人提供某物”用supply sth.to sb./supply sb.with sth.。(4)offer表示主动提供援助、服务的东西。I want to buy a cellphone,but I cant afford
3、it now.我想买一部手机,但现在还买不起。They provided the refugees with food and medicine.他们向难民提供食物和药品。More and more vegetables and fruits are supplied to the army.越来越多的蔬菜和水果供应到了部队。3.contain与include(1)contain意为:含有,包含,容纳,里面装有,指某事物容纳在比其更大的东西之内,侧重所含的内容与成分。(2)include意为:包括,连在内,计入,指包括或容纳某东西成为整体的一部分,侧重于对比整体与部分。The basket c
4、ontains a variety of fruits.这篮子里装有各种水果。There are ten of us here,including four children.我们这里一共有10个人,包括4个孩子。4.cost,spend,take和pay这四个动词都有“花费”之意。(1)cost当“花费”讲时,主语是物。常用句型:sth.cost sb.some money/time。The coat cost her about$200.这件外套花了她大约200美元。注意:cost还可表示“使付出代价”,常用结构有cost sb.sth.。Driving after drunk cost
5、him his life.酒后驾驶使他付出了生命的代价。(2)spend指“花费”时间和金钱,主语是人。常用句型:sb.spend.on sth./(in)doing sth.。You shouldnt spend too much money on clothes.你不应该花太多的钱买衣服。(3)take当“花费”讲时,主语通常是物或形式主语it。常用句型:It takes sb.time/money to do sth.。It took her two hours to finish the composition.她花了两个小时写了这篇作文。注意:take的宾语除了时间外,还可以是表示抽
6、象意义的“energy”等。(4)pay是“付费,交纳”的意思,主语是人。常用句型:sb.pay money for sth.。She pays 200 a week for this apartment.这套房子她每周要付租金200英镑。5.fit,suit与match(1)fit多指大小“适合”,引申为“吻合”。The shoes fit me well.这鞋我穿正好。(2)suit多指“合乎”要求、口味、性格、情况等。No dish suits all tastes.众口难调。(3)match指大小、色调、形状、性质等“相配”或“相称”。A red jacket doesnt match
7、 green trousers.红上衣与绿裤子不相配。6.join,join in,take part in与attend这四个词(组)都有“参加”之意。(1)join指“参加”某组织或团体,并成为其中一员。My brother joined the Party in 2009.我哥哥在2009年入党。(2)join in指“参加”正在进行着的活动,如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈论等。Would you please join us in the discussion?和我们一起讨论好吗?(3)take part in指“参加”会议或群众性活动,并在其中发挥一定的作用。Many countries t
8、ook part in the Olympic Games in Beijing.许多国家参加了北京奥运会。(4)attend是正式用语,指“参加”会议、仪式、婚礼、上课、听报告等。重在强调“参与”的动作,不强调参加者的作用。The people in the town all attended her wedding.小镇上的人全部参加了她的婚礼。7.occur,happen,take place与break out这四组词(组)都可表示“发生”,均无被动语态。(1)occur用于指具体事件时,可与happen互换(但happen后接不定式时,不能与occur互换);另外,occur还有“想
9、起”的意思,这时不可同happen互换。When did the incident occur?这一事件是什么时候发生的?It didnt occur to her to ask for help.她没想到请别人帮忙。(2)happen是普通用语,使用广泛,其“发生”往往带有意外和偶然性。另外,happen也可作“碰巧”解,这时后面要接to do sth.。The accident happened at night.事故发生在夜间。I happened to be there when the accident happened.事故发生时我碰巧在那里。(3)take place一般是按意图
10、、计划“发生”,事情往往是事先安排好的。Their wedding will take place in May.他们的婚礼将在五月举行。(4)break out“(疾病、火灾、战争等)突然发生”。They had escaped to America shortly before the war broke out in 1939.1939年战争爆发前不久他们逃到了美国。8.wound,damage,destroy,harm,hurt,injure与ruin(1)wound常指在战争、暴力或灾害中受伤。其名词是wound,指战斗中刀或枪的创伤、伤口。(2)damage指伤害人或物而使之失去价
11、值、功能或正常的外观,该词也可作名词,多用于自然灾害中的损害。(3)destroy指具体的或抽象的事物受到的彻底损害而很难恢复,故常指“破坏、毁坏、摧毁”。(4)harm常用于口语,一般只作及物动词,表示“对有害/损害”,特指伤及一个人或其心情、健康、权利、事业等,并使之产生痛苦、损害或某种不幸遭遇。其名词是harm,只能作不可数名词,意为“损害、伤害”。(5)hurt为一般用语,既可以指肉体上的,也可以指精神上的,也可表示在事故中受伤。其名词是hurt,尤指精神上或感情上的伤害、肉体上的伤痛。(6)injure主要指在事故中受伤。其名词是injury,可指平时的大小创伤或伤害,还可指事故中的
12、伤害。(7)ruin一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏,但往往是非暴力的,也往往不是一次的打击结果,常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。in ruins一片废墟;fall into ruins成为废墟;bring sth.to ruin使毁灭。The bullet wounded him in the shoulder.子弹打伤了他的肩膀。Many houses were damaged by the earthquake.许多房屋被地震破坏。The bridge was completely destroyed after the flood.洪水过后,那座桥完全被毁了。Getting up ear
13、ly wont harm you.早起对你无害。It keeps hurting whenever you remember it.一想起这件事,你就会感到不好受。Two people have been seriously injured in a road accident.在一次交通事故中,有两人严重受伤。You will ruin your prospects if you continue to be so foolish.如果你继续这样的愚蠢行为,你将自毁前程。9.stare at,look at,glance at,gaze at与glare at(1)stare at指睁大眼睛
14、出神地看,这种注视往往出于惊讶、好奇、羡慕,有时是粗鲁无礼的。(2)look at指有意地、集中注意力地看,没有任何感情色彩,其目的是为了看见所想看的东西。(3)glance at指匆匆一看,瞥视,强调看的时间短暂。(4)gaze at指目不转睛地看,这种凝视是由于惊讶、憧憬、喜悦或兴趣而引起的长时间无意识地注视某人或某物。(5)glare at意为“怒视”,强调敌对或威胁的态度。The little girl stared at the toys in the window.小女孩盯着橱窗里的玩具。Its impolite to stare at foreign visitors in th
15、e street.在街上盯着外国游客看是不礼貌的。Sometimes he would look at an art show or hear a concert.有时他会去看艺术展览或是去听音乐会。We should look at a question from all sides.我们应该从各方面看问题。She glanced at the envelope and recognized his uncles handwriting.她很快地看了一眼信封,认出了她叔叔的笔迹。I lay back on the sand and gazed at the stars above.我仰卧在沙
16、地上凝视着天上的星星。He glared at me like a bull at a red rag.他对我怒目而视,就像斗牛时对红布怒视的牛一样。I quite agree with his idea/opinion/what he said.我十分赞同他的想法/意见/他说的话。This climate doesnt agree with me.这里的气候不适合我。The food doesnt agree with me/my stomach.这种食物我不宜吃。(2)agree to表示“同意(某人的建议、安排、计划)”。常可说:agree to a plan/an arrangemen
17、t/a proposal/a decisionThe majority agreed to his plan/suggestion.大多数人同意他的计划/建议。(3)agree on/upon表示“对取得一致意见”。They finally agreed on the contract.他们最后就合同达成了协议。We have agreed on how to solve the problem.我们就如何解决这一问题达成了共识。热点考向二与不同介词或副词搭配的动词短语1.addadd to增加,增添add up加起来add up to总计,共达2.bringbring about导致,引起b
18、ring down使倒下;降低(费用,开支,价格等)bring in引进;挣得bring on使发展,有助于生长;引起,导致(疾病,战争等)bring out使展现;阐明;出版bring up养育,培养;呕吐;提出(建议、论点等)3.breakbreak away from 脱离break down坏掉,出故障;累垮;失去理智;(谈判)失败;(化学)分解break in 破门而入;打断(谈话);插嘴break into 强行闯入break off 折断;中断;(中途停下)休息break out (战争、疾病、火灾、骚乱、口角)突然发生break through 突破,冲破(障碍、防线、包围等)
19、break up打碎;(会议、学期)结束,放(寒、暑)假;(物理)分解;(婚姻、友谊等)破裂4.callcall at 访问(地点)call for去取;去接;要求,需要;为争取而大声叫喊call in 请来;召来,召集call off 叫走;取消,放弃call on 拜访(人);号召call up 打电话ecome about 发生come across 偶遇;被理解come on (表示劝说、激励、不耐烦等)来;快;得了吧come to 共计;达到;苏醒come true 变为现实come up 被提出(不接宾语);长出地面;即将发生;升起come up with 提出(接宾语);找到(答
20、案)6.carry carry on继续,坚持carry out执行,实施carry off夺走,夺去的生命carry through帮助渡过难关;完成,实现7.cutcut down砍倒;削减;压缩cut in插入;插嘴cut off隔绝;切断;停止(供应)cut out删除cut up切碎8.diedie away(声音、风、光线)逐渐消失die down(风、雨、光线)逐渐平息die of死于(疾病、衰老、饥饿等)die from死于(意外事故或不注意的原因)die out灭绝,绝种die off相继死去9.getget about 四处走动;(消息)传开get across 传达;使让
21、人理解get along/on(with)进展;相处get down to 开始认真干get over 克服(困难);(疾病)恢复get through 接通(电话);通过,完成10.givegive away 泄露(秘密等),出卖(朋友等);赠送;颁发give in 呈交;屈服,让步(to)give off 发出,放出(气味、光、热等)give out 用完,耗尽;分发;发表,公布;发出(光、热等)give up 放弃11.gogo against 违背;对不利go ahead 进行go by 过去,经过go for 去取来或接来;争取得到go in for 爱好;参加;从事go out 出
22、去;熄灭;(服饰等)过时go over 复习;仔细审查go without 勉强应付,没有也行go through通过;仔细检查;用完;经历(困难、痛苦等)12.holdhold back 隐瞒;阻止;控制(情感)hold on 别挂断(电话);坚持hold on to 保留;抓住不放hold out 维持hold up 举起;支撑;阻挡,使停顿;继续下去13.keepkeep away(from)使远离keep back 扣除;隐瞒不讲keep off 避开;不接近keep on 继续keep out 挡在外边;(警示语)请勿靠近keep up 保持,使不低落;继续;持续keep up wi
23、th 跟上14.looklook about/around 环顾look after 照顾,照看look down upon 看不起look forward to (介词)盼望look into 向里看;调查look on 旁观look out 当心;找出;朝外看look over 检查;查阅look through 浏览;温习;看穿look up 向上看;查阅;(形势)好转look up to 尊敬(人、行为)15.makemake up 组成,构成;编造;化妆;补齐,凑足;布置make up for 补偿,弥补make out 辨认出;制定出16.pickpick out 挑出;区别出,分
24、辨出pick up 拿起,捡起;收抬;偶然获得,学会;接收(节目);(开车)去接;(顺便)捎带;染上(疾病);有起色,好转17.putput aside把放在一边put away把放好;积蓄,储存put back放回原处;拨慢(钟表指针);阻碍;推迟put down记下;平定,镇压put forward提出(计划、建议);拨快;提前put off推迟;推诿put out扑灭;生产;发布put up挂起,张贴;搭起(帐篷等);为提供住宿18.setset about开始,着手set aside留出;不顾;放到一边set down下车;写下;放下set off出发;引爆;引起,激发set out开
25、始;动身set up创建,创立;安装;竖起19.taketake away拿走,带走,消除(病痛)take after(性格、面貌)像take down记下;放下;拆除take for误认为take in吸收;收留,收养;理解,领会;欺骗take off起飞;脱下;休假;走红;(事业)腾飞take on呈现;雇用take over接管;接任take to开始,喜欢;沉溺于take up拿起;从事;占据(时间或空间);继续(被中断的事)20.turnturn against转而反对,背叛某人turn away转身;走开turn down调低;拒绝turn on打开turn out结果是;证明是;
26、生产;制造turn over打翻;仔细思考;翻转;移交turn to翻到;求助于热点考向三同一介词或副词与不同的动词搭配1.动词和about构成的短语think about 思考care about 关心,对有兴趣bring about 引起,使发生come about 发生hear about 听说worry about 为担心2.动词和down构成的短语break down 坏了,垮了,分解turn down 调小,拒绝cut down 削减,砍倒slow down 慢下来put down 记下,写下,镇压tear down 拆毁,拆除3.动词和of构成的短语think of 想到drea
27、m of 梦到consist of 由组成approve of 赞成die of 死于hear of 听说complain of 抱怨4.动词和away构成的短语throw away 扔掉clear away 清除掉,消散die away 逐渐消失,减弱wash away 冲走take away 拿走,使消失put away 收拾起来,存起来5.动词和on构成的短语depend on 依靠rely on 依靠insist on 坚持carry on 继续,进行keep/go on 继续spend.on 在上花(钱)put on 穿上,戴上,上演feed on 以为食6.动词和out构成的短语b
28、reak out 爆发point out 指出bring out 阐明,使表现出carry out 执行,进行turn out 结果是,生产,培养work out 算出,想出办法find out 查出,弄明白try out 试用,试验look out 当心,提防7.动词和up构成的短语give up 放弃,停止,中止build up 建立set up 架起,建立put up 搭起,安装,住宿,张贴pick up 拾起,学会,收听到bring up 抚养,呕吐,提出tear up 撕碎stay up 熬夜eat up 吃完make up 构成,组成cut up 切碎hold up 耽搁,使停顿8
29、.动词和for构成的短语wait for 等候stand for 代表,表示long for 渴望care for 关心,喜欢search for 查找look for 寻找call for 需要,要求hunt for 寻找apply for 申请seek for 寻找9.动词和over构成的短语think over 仔细考虑go over 审阅,检查,研究look over 翻阅,检查get over 克服take over 接管,接替10.动词和in构成的短语give in 让步hand in 上交bring in 引进,赚得,挣drop in 拜访result in 导致succeed
30、in 在获得成功join in 参加1.At the last moment,Tom decided to _ _(put)a new character to make the story seem more likely.答案:put in解析:句意:在最后一刻,汤姆决定增加一个新人物,以使故事更可信。put in把写进。故答案为in。2.Try not to cough more than you can_(避免)since it may cause problems to your lungs.答案:help解析:句意:自己能控制得住就尽量不要咳嗽,因为它会给你的肺带来问题。本题考查动
31、词。can help sth.忍住做某事。根据句意可知答案为help。3.Would you like to _ _(come)with us to the film tonight?答案:come along解析:句意:今晚你愿意和我们一起去看电影吗?本题考查动词词组。come along跟随。4.The watch was very good,and he_(付款)20 percent down for it.答案:paid解析:句意:这块表非常好,他就预付了20%的钱。本题考查动词。表示“某人付钱买某物”时,可以说sb.pay money for sth.或sb.spend money
32、on sth.;buy后接所购买的物品,即buy sth.;cost通常不能用人作主语。5.A good listener takes part in the conversation,_(offer)ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.答案:offering解析:句意:一个好的倾听者参与谈话时,要发表观点,提出问题,以保持谈话顺利进行。由题干意思可知正确答案为offering。offering ideas and raising questions.为现在分词短语,作伴随状语。6.Mother always complai
33、ns that children wear _ their shoes very quickly.答案:out解析:句意:母亲总是抱怨孩子们很快就把鞋子穿烂了。本题考查动词短语辨析。wear out穿烂,用坏。7.She_(搭配)the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.答案:matched解析:句意:她把地毯和一些非常漂亮的窗帘在颜色上搭配起来。本题考查动词辨析。match A with B把A和B搭配起来(形成一种搭配)。根据语境应填matched。8.Team leaders must ensure that all member
34、s_ over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.答案:get解析:句意:团队领导者必须要确保所有的队员克服本能的欲望以规避犯错误带来的尴尬。本题考查动词短语get over克服。9.Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which _(涉及)spending quite a lot of time with students.答案:involves解析:句意:Michelle找了份当高中教师的工作,这份工作涉及要花
35、很多的时间与学生在一起。本题考查动词。involve包括,涉及,根据句意用一般现在时。10.Briggs will _ _(take)as general manager when Mitchell retires.答案:take over解析:句意:Mitchell退休之后,Briggs将接任总经理的职位。考查动词短语。take over接收,接管,接任。11.I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasnt able to _ _(get)答案:get away解析:句意:我本希望今年度个假,但没能够去。本题考查动词短语。get awa
36、y度假。如:Were hoping to get away for a few days at Easter.我们盼着复活节休息几天。12.If you are in trouble,Mike is always willing to_ a hand.答案:lend解析:句意:如果你处于困境中,Mike总是乐于帮忙。本题考查固定搭配。lend a hand帮忙。13Parents and children should communicate more to _(使缩小)the gap between them so that they can understand each other be
37、tter.答案:narrow 解析:考查动词。句意:为了减少家长和孩子之间的代沟,他们应该多交流,以便更好地相互了解。依据句意填narrow。14Rod loves _ apart clocks.However,he never manages to put them together again.答案:taking解析:考查动词短语。句意:Rod喜欢把钟表拆开,但是他从来没能再把它们组装起来过。从后面的put them together可判断用take apart表示“拆卸,拆开(机器等)”。再根据love doing,用v.ing。15According to scientists,our
38、 mental abilities begin to _(下降)from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.答案:decline解析:考查动词。句意:据科学家说,我们的思考能力在22岁达到顶峰后,从27岁开始下降。所以用decline。16Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can _ down almost every word her teacher says.答案:put/set/write解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:Mary真的很擅长在课堂上做笔记。她
39、几乎能记下老师说的每一句话。put/set/write down“写下,记下”。17Ive _ _(get)the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.答案:got into解析:考查动词短语。句意:我已经养成了放学回家时去看望爷爷、奶奶的习惯。get into the habit of.是固定搭配,表示“养成的习惯”。18We were all agreed that the cottage would _(适合作)a perfect holiday home for the family.答案:make解析:考查动词。句意:我们都认为这幢小别墅非常适合全家度假时居住。make表示“适合作,宜用作”,符合题意。19Two lawyers have donated$50,000 to _(捐资,赞助)our schools campaign“Help the Needy”,which was started by our former headmaster three years ago.答案:sponsor解析:考查动词辨析。句意:两个律师已为我们学校的“帮助贫困者”这项活动捐资五万美元,该活动是我们的前任校长在三年前发起的。根据句意可知,应用sponsor表示“为慈善活动捐资”。