1、全国卷3年考点分布表综合上表可知，高考阅读七选五的考查以说明文为主，题材主要为介绍说明，内容更贴近生活、贴近时代；题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。选题更具有浓厚的时代气息，更符合高中英语教学实际，并越来越与学生的学习经历和生活经历相关联，引导考生关爱自我，关爱社会。考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握”。主要考查考生的逻辑能力，包括整篇语言逻辑和句与句之间上下文逻辑关系的判断；备选答案中含有两个干扰选择，这两个干扰选项在表面上看往往与正确答案有一定的相关性，这给考生解题带来很大的困难；文章篇幅较长，解题时间有限，选错一题甚至可
2、以造成两题出错。该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。可以说，此题型是对语言能力和阅读理解能力的综合测试，因此在要求上远远高于这两种题型，考生有必要对这类题型的答题思路多练习，以提高自己在这个部分的应试能力。此题型应从以下几个方面入手：技巧1 依据词汇线索词汇线索主要包括代词线索和词汇复现两种情况。1.代词线索英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高。代词主要是为避免重复，用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有
3、效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。典例(2018全国卷)“I adore dancing，”says Lester Bridges，the owner of a dance studio in Iowa.“I cant imagine doing anything else with my life.”Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful._37_ Its great to watch them.For many of them，its a way of meeting people and havi
4、ng a social life.”A.So why do we dance?B.Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.C.If you like dancing outdoors，come to America.D.My older students say it makes them feel young.E.I keep practicing even when Im extremely tired.F.Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.G.They stayed up all night long
5、singing and dancing.答案D本句起到承上启下的作用。根据设空前一句“Teaching dance is wonderful”可知，下文应与教别人跳舞有关，又根据设空后一句“Its great to watch them”中的“them”可知，待填句中应包含一个表示人的复数名词，故选D。2.词汇复现词汇复现指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现或同一范畴词的复现。英语的线性思维表现为第一句话的宾语，往往是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同或重叠的词语。这种前后句语义的衔接常以句子中关键词(常为名词、动词、形容词)的同义词、近义词(组)或反义词(组)复现的方式来实现。解题时可以利
6、用这些词作为解题线索。典例(2017全国卷)When you need to talk to someone，dont do it in your own office._39_，its much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are.A.If youre busy，dont feel bad about saying noB.When you want t
7、o avoid interruptions at workC.Set boundaries for yourself as far as your time goesD.If youre in the other persons office or in a public areaE.Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when youre avai
8、lable to talk and close it when youre not答案D解答本题可利用词汇复现作为解题线索。对比本空以及所给的选项，可以看出空格前的in your own office与D项中的in the other persons office相对应。前文说“不要在自己的办公室谈事情”，后文说“如果你在别人的办公室或公共场合，借口要回去工作要容易得多”才是符合语境的。技巧2 依据逻辑和衔接关系文章由段落组成，围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系，有总分、并列、层递、转折、对比、解释、例证、因果关系等。“七选五”阅读理解的解题策略之一就是理清这些关系，并据此选
9、出正确答案。我们要熟记常见的逻辑关系的标识词。如：(1)表示转折关系：however，though，yet，on the contrary等；(2)表示因果关系：so，therefore，thus，as a result等；(3)表示顺序：at first，later，after，finally等；(4)表示并列与递进关系：and，whats more，not only.but also，firstly，secondly等；(5)表示列举：some.others，the second.，the third.，for one thing.for another等。典例(2018全国卷)Befor
10、e there was the written word，there was the language of dance.Dance expresses love and hate，joy and sorrow，life and death，and everything else in between._36_ We dance from Florida to Alaska，from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings，birthdays，office parties and just to fill the time.A.So
11、 why do we dance?B.Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.C.If you like dancing outdoors，come to America.D.My older students say it makes them feel young.E.I keep practicing even when Im extremely tired.F.Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.G.They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.答案
12、B待填处为本段主题句，与本段后面的内容构成“总分”关系。根据We dance from Florida to Alaska，from north to south and sea to sea.We dance at weddings，birthdays，office parties and just to fill the time.可知，舞蹈在美国无处不在。技巧3 依据空格位置1.空格在段首在一段的第一句设空的内容通常是该段的主旨句，解题时需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关的词或句，从而确定答案。典例(2018全国卷)_39_ Studies found t
13、hat people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you，so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.A.You will stick to your diet.B.Your quality of sleep improves.C.You prefer healthy food to fast
14、food.D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.E.You can keep your head clear for 410 hours after exercise.F.After you exercise，you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly，or youre doing it now，then listen up!答案B本文是一篇说明文。文章告诉我们挤出时间锻炼身
15、体的好处，而晨练的好处更大，对身体和工作都有所裨益。此空是本段的中心句，根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲了晨练对睡眠的益处，所以选B“你的睡眠质量提高了”。空后一句中的“slept better”是关键信息。2.空格在段中段中设空可为段落主题句或展开句。解题时要注意分析空前后的逻辑关系。设空除了可能是以转折手法引出的主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明。因此第一步需要依据信息词将部分选项排除之后，把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依次代入设空处，最终确定哪个选项和空白处前后内容能达到语意连贯，逻辑关系清晰，从而得出正确答案。典例(2017全国卷)When people
16、 try to interrupt you，have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then._38_.It can help to eliminate(消除)future interruptions.A.If youre busy，dont feel bad about saying noB.When you want to avoid interruptions at workC.Set boundaries for yourself as
17、far as your time goesD.If youre in the other persons office or in a public areaE.Its important that you let them know when youll be availableF.It might seem unkind to cut people short when they interrupt youG.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not答案E空前一句说“当有人试图打扰你时，提出
18、新的沟通时间，让他们在预约时间过来或者你去找他们”，空格后说“这样做能帮助你消除未来受到打扰的可能”，E项“让他们知道你什么时候有空是很重要的”可起承上启下的作用，故选E。3.空格在段尾段尾句多为承上启下句或总结、概括句。解题时可从这个角度去思考：这一空是归纳本段主旨还是引出下一段的内容？如果在选项中找不出与前文的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否体现出了衔接。认真阅读下一段的开头几句，看是否能与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。典例(2018全国卷)The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls，ceilings，and floor
19、s.Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint，the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant._40_.A.While all of them are usefulB.Whatever youre looking forC.If youre experimenting with a colorD.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE.Its not really a good idea to
20、 use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure，because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways答案F本文是一篇说明文。颜色是房间设计的基本要素之一。文章介绍了大、中、小三种规模物品的颜色选择及各自的特点。根据本段提到的“the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant”可知，此处意在强调所花费的时间、精力和费用是巨大的，由此可推知选F。总之，七选五这种高考阅读题型，首先不能完全按照传统阅读题的方法，一定要把握上下文的逻辑关系。尤其是段落之间的承上启下的逻辑关系。其次，具体做题时，要把重点放在空白处的上一句和下一句，根据逻辑关系，对选项做出大胆预测。只要我们抓住字词句段乃至语篇，以逻辑关系为抓手，从语境、空格位置和关联词入手，七选五这道试题就很容易被突破。
