1、 Grammar 1.倒装句的定义 英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装.Inversion is the changing of the order of the words in the sentence.2.倒装句的构成a)完全倒装 b)部分倒装 In came the headmaster,followed by a group of teachers.将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here.只将只将助动
2、词、系动词或情态动词助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。1)句首状语引起完全倒装句首状语引起完全倒装（1）“herehere（therethere，nownow，then,thus,first,then,thus,first,next next）+不及物动词不及物动词+主语主语”(2)(2)以以outout，inin，upup，downdown，away,back,off,away,back,off,inside,outside,Thus,high,low等副词开头的句子里，等副
3、词开头的句子里，以表示强调。以表示强调。车来了。车来了。Here _铃响了。铃响了。There_该你的了。该你的了。Now_孩子们出去了。孩子们出去了。Out_comes the bus.goes the es your turn.went the children.They went out.Here he comes.注意注意:当代词做主语时，主谓语序不变当代词做主语时，主谓语序不变,不倒装不倒装。他们出去了他们出去了.他来了。他来了。Higher and higher_ and then the kite was out of sight.A.flew it B.did it fly C
4、.it flew D.was it flying（3）当句首状语为表示地点的当句首状语为表示地点的介词词介词词组组时，也常常引起全部倒装时，也常常引起全部倒装城南有个大型钢铁厂。城南有个大型钢铁厂。South of the city lies a big steel factory.这些东西里有圣诞树、花儿、蜡烛和玩具这些东西里有圣诞树、花儿、蜡烛和玩具Among the goods is Christmas trees,flowers,candles and toys.。(4)表表+主主+.Gone are the days when the Chinese people were only
5、 slaves.Seated on the ground are a group of young people.Standing beside the table was an translator.Present at the meeting were many guests.*当句首状语为不表示地点的当句首状语为不表示地点的介词词组介词词组时，引起时，引起部分倒装部分倒装On the back wall hung a picture of my family.Under a tree sat a pretty girl.Beside me sat two students.In this
6、 way can we explain the matter.（5）完全倒装用于句型）完全倒装用于句型“There+live/lie/stand/exist/remain/be/seem to be/happen to be/used to be/ought be/must be/cant be)+主语主语”There stands a tall tree in front of the classroom.2）部分倒装部分倒装（1 1）用于）用于so/asso/as，nornor，neitherneither开头的句子，开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容，原句的谓语应与表示重复前句部分内容，原
7、句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致前句谓语的时态、形式相一致他去过北京，我也去过。他去过北京，我也去过。He has been to Beijing.So/As have I.李威回答不了这个问题，我也不能。李威回答不了这个问题，我也不能。Li Wei cant answer the question.Neither can I.如果谓语动词既有肯定又有否定，或谓语动如果谓语动词既有肯定又有否定，或谓语动词有多种形式，用词有多种形式，用so it is with so it is with 结构结构-I caught the first bus,I am not late for work
8、.-So it is with him.注：有时为表示对上文情况的肯定和确认，用正常语序表“确实如此”-He can speak good English.-So he can.-He works hard.-_and_.A.So he does.so does his brother.B.So does he.so his brother does.C.So he does so his brother does.D.So does he.so does his brother.用于用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,never,hardly,seldom,scar
9、cely,barely,little,often,barely,little,often,no,neither,nor,few,at no time,at no time,nowhere,in vai徒劳徒劳not oncenot once等词等词放在句首放在句首的句子。的句子。我再也不会这么做了。我再也不会这么做了。Never Never Never shall I do this again.他不太知道那个女的是谁。他不太知道那个女的是谁。Little LittleLittle did he know who the woman was.（2）用于否定词或短语开头的句型中）用于否定词或短语
10、开头的句型中 2)含有否定意义的一些副词含有否定意义的一些副词，如，如hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,rarely,never,not/no/neither/nor/few /nowhere/in vain（徒（徒 劳劳)等位于句首时，引起部分倒装。等位于句首时，引起部分倒装。还有一些表示否定意义的介词短语位于句首时，还有一些表示否定意义的介词短语位于句首时，句子也要求用倒装结构，常见的这类介词短语句子也要求用倒装结构，常见的这类介词短语都还有都还有“no”,如，如，at no time,in no case,by no means,in no way,under/
11、in no circumstance 等。等。in no way/case=on no occasion=by no means=on no account=in/under no circumstances(决不）决不）如，如，a)Under no circumstances shall I change my attitude towards beauty.无论如何我都不会改变自己对美的态度。无论如何我都不会改变自己对美的态度。b)At no time and in no circumstances should the fire doors of the building ever be
12、 locked.无论什么时候，什么情况下，建筑物的消防无论什么时候，什么情况下，建筑物的消防通道们都不能锁上。通道们都不能锁上。c)Not a single mistake did I make.d)In vain(无结果的，徒然无结果的，徒然)did I try to change his mind.f)Seldom does she show her feelings,even when she is said.（(3).用于用于no sooner than，hardly when,scarcely when;not until,not only but also,neither nor
13、的句型中。的句型中。我刚到她就走了我刚到她就走了.Hardly had I arrived when she leftNo sooner had I arrived than she left.“一一 就就”,“刚刚刚刚.就就“句型中，句型中，表示一件表示一件事情紧接着另一件事情发生。事情紧接着另一件事情发生。Hardly Scarcely +倒装句倒装句(过完过完)+when+陈述句陈述句(过去过去)barely No sooner+倒装句倒装句(过完过完)+than+陈述句陈述句(过去过去)Hardly/scarcely/barely had he arrived at the stati
14、on when the train began to leave.No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me.3)含含 not until 的强调句，如果的强调句，如果not until位位于句首，句子要求用倒装结构，如果是主从于句首，句子要求用倒装结构，如果是主从复合句，倒装结构出现在主句中。复合句，倒装结构出现在主句中。如，如，a)Not until all the fish died in the river did the residents realize how serious the water pollution was.b)
15、Not until then did he come to realize how serious the situation was.c)Not until it was dark,did we arrive at the village.直到老师来了，他才写完作业。直到老师来了，他才写完作业。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.Not until+陈述句陈述句/时间状语时间状语+倒装句倒装句 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.No
16、t until yesterday did I learn it.(当当Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装从句不倒装 Not only+倒装句倒装句+but(also)+陈述句陈述句 Not only did we lose our money,but also we came close to losing our lives.注：主句部分倒装，从句不倒装；并列连词连接主语成分时，句子不倒装。Not only could she type but also she could operate the computer.Hardly had he
17、 got on the bus when he heard a shout.Neither in school nor at home did he ever wash his clothes.Not only children but also grown-ups are interested in cartoon.（4）用于用于only开头的句子（开头的句子（only后面跟副词、介词短语或状语从后面跟副词、介词短语或状语从句）。句）。1就是在今天下午我才看完这本小说。就是在今天下午我才看完这本小说。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.2只有
18、在他告诉我的时候，我才知道他只有在他告诉我的时候，我才知道他的麻烦的麻烦 Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.。Only then was I conscious of my mistake.Only when you are 18,can you enjoy the civil rights.Only with hard work can you learn English well.Only then did she learn about the truth of his leaving the positi
19、on.Only修饰主语时不要求倒装。修饰主语时不要求倒装。Only I can finish this task.Only he knows the truth.注：only修饰主语时不引起倒装Only doctor can save him.Only I know the fact.当否定词当否定词Not,Not only,Little,Few等用来限制主语时等用来限制主语时,否定词即使位于否定词即使位于句首时句首时,也也不倒装不倒装.Not every horse can run fast.Not only he but also his brother was in debt.Few p
20、eople know it.Little water is left.（5）用于用于“形容词（或名词、动词）形容词（或名词、动词）+as（though）引导的让步状语从句中）引导的让步状语从句中”尽管她很漂亮，可她不聪明。尽管她很漂亮，可她不聪明。Pretty as as she is,she is not clever.尽管他可以试一试，他还会掉下来。尽管他可以试一试，他还会掉下来。Try asas he could,he might fall again.注意注意:如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词(零冠词零冠词)1尽管他还是个孩子，他不得
21、不去谋生。尽管他还是个孩子，他不得不去谋生。Child asas he was,he had to make a living.形容词形容词 名词名词+as/though+主语动词主语动词 副词副词 分词分词 动词动词+as+主语主语+助动词助动词 Old as/though he is,he is full of energy=Though he is old,.=He is old,but he.Scientist as he is,he wants to learn more Much as she like it,she wont buy it.Try as/though he wou
22、ld,he might fail again.Child as/though he was,he had to make a living.(6)程度副词程度副词位于句首位于句首 So,Such Often,Well,Long,Many a time,Now and then,To such a extent/degree/length/so+adj./adv.+部分倒装部分倒装 such+(adj,)+n.+部分倒装部分倒装 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.So many ques
23、tions did they ask me that l got confused.Such heavy stones were they that he could hardly lifted them.Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.Often did I tell him not to make trouble.Well do l remember the days when we were at school together.Long did we wait before we
24、received a letter from him.Many a time have they tried that experiment.(7)用于某些表示祝愿的句子也要用倒装。用于某些表示祝愿的句子也要用倒装。May you succeed!祝你成功！祝你成功！Long live China!中国万岁中国万岁 May your country grow prosperous and strong.Long live the Peoples Republic of China（8）用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句Had you(not)reviewed your lessons,you mi
25、ght have passed the examination.Were he to give a lecture in our school,I would let you know.Should he give up smoking,his illness would be cured before long.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。条件从句If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式现在过去未来过去(were)过去完成时1.过去时2.should+V.3.were to dowould/could/should/might+V.（原）would/could/should/might+ha
26、ve+p.p.would/could/should/might+V.（原）(9).在省略在省略 if 的的虚拟条件句中虚拟条件句中，(若从句若从句中有系动词中有系动词were,助动词助动词had,和情态动词和情态动词should时时,可以不用可以不用if，而将从句中的这，而将从句中的这些词和主语颠倒形成部分倒装些词和主语颠倒形成部分倒装.)Were/should/had+subject+(not)others If l were Tom,l would refuse.=Were l Tom,l would refuse.Were l you,l would go to the concert
27、with you.=If l were you,Should it rain tomorrow,l would/should stay at home,.=If it rain tomorrow,.Had you come yesterday,you might have seem him.=If you had come yesterday,(10).特殊结构的让步状语从句，特殊结构的让步状语从句，Be 或者动词原形位于句首，相当于让步状语从或者动词原形位于句首，相当于让步状语从句句 be+主语主语+ever so+adj 无论怎样无论怎样 如，如，Be a man ever so clev
28、er,he knows nothing if he doesnt learn.无论一个人有多聪明，无论一个人有多聪明，不学习就什么都不知道。不学习就什么都不知道。be+主语主语+A or B 无论是无论是A 还是还是B Be he friend or enemy,the law regarded him as a criminal.动词动词+wh-+will/may 无论无论 Come what may,we must remain optimistic.=Whatever may come,we must remain optimistic.No sooner _ than it began
29、 to rain heavily.A.the game began B.has the game begun C.did the game begin D.had the game begun典型例题典型例题 -Do you know Jim quarreled with-Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?his brother?-I dont know,_.-I dont know,_.A.nor dont I care A.nor dont I care B.nor do I careB.nor do I care C.I dont ca
30、re neitherC.I dont care neither D.I dont care alsoD.I dont care also1.My brother had a cold last week,_.A.so had I B.so did I C.I had so D.so I hadB2.Not until _ home _ his parents had been ill for three days.A.he got;he knew B.did he get;he knew C.he got;did he know D.did he get;did he knowC3.In ha
31、rdly any situation _ find her sad.A.that you can B.that can you C.you can D.can youD4.Be quick!_.A.The bus comes here B.Here comes the bus C.The bus here comes D.Here is the bus comingB5.In _ and the lesson began.A.the teacher came B.the teacher coming C.came the teacher D.did the teacher comeC6.On
32、the wall _ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging B7.-Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?-I dont know,_.A.nor dont I care B.nor do I care C.I dont care neither D.neither dont I careB8.Only when _ how important it is to master English.A.did I work I realized B.I worked did I re
33、alize C.did I work did I realize D.I worked I realizedB9._ in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.A.So frightened he was B.So frightened was he C.He was frightened so D.So he was frightenedB10._,she is still as strong as you.A.As old she is B.Old as she is C.As she is old D.As old is sheBThe end
