1、专题一冠词与代词-2-冠词代词基础考法基础考法考法1考查冠词的基本用法1.冠词的泛指和特指在语篇填空和短文改错中都会有所涉及。不定冠词用在首次提到的或不限定的单数可数名词前表泛指;定冠词用在上文提到的人或物前,或是被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前,也可用在表示双方所默认的特定的人或物的名词前表特指。在名词前使用不定冠词时需注意:a用于以辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的单词前;an用于以元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的单词前。-3-冠词代词【典型例题1】(2018全国卷)This included digging up the road,laying the track and then build
2、ing a strong roof over top.解析:考查冠词。此处特指在地铁的顶部,故要用定冠词the。【典型例题2】(2018全国卷)Instead,she is earning 6,500 a day as model in New York.解析:考查冠词。句意:相反,她在纽约当模特一天挣6500英镑。根据句意可知,此处表示职业,为泛指,故要用不定冠词a。-4-冠词代词【典型例题3】(2018全国卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while,exercising,or doing something
3、 you enjoy.解析:句意:你可以出去一会儿,通过锻炼或做些你喜欢做的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿”,为固定搭配,故填a。考法总结冠词的考查常在具体的语境中进行,解题时要注意其所修饰名词的具体含义,比如,本题空格后的while意为“(一段)时间”,不是用作连词。-5-冠词代词【典型例题4】(2018辽宁卷改错)Besides,Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.解析:average为以元音音素开头的单词,其前应用不定冠词an。故将average前的a改为an。考法总结看到average,不难
4、想到是以元音音素开头的单词,其前不能用a。-6-冠词代词2.通常情况下,形容词比较级前不用冠词;形容词最高级前用定冠词;序数词前用定冠词。另外,表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前用定冠词the也是考查热点。【典型例题5】(2018全国卷)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even most modern of architects and engineers.解析:句意:由美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建造的土坯房甚至受到了(当今世界上)最前卫的建
5、筑师和工程师的青睐。根据句意和空后的最高级标志词可知此处填定冠词the。考法总结most用于构成最高级,故其前应用定冠词the。-7-冠词代词考法2考查习惯用语或固定搭配中的冠词冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配是高考语篇填空及短文改错的常考点。语篇填空主要考查惯用搭配中的冠词,而短文改错对冠词的考查主要有冠词的错用、漏用和多用。常考查的固定短语有as a result,in fact,in a way,at a loss,give sb.a hand,on the other hand等。-8-冠词代词【典型例题6】1.(2018全国卷)As result,people will eat more f
6、ood to try to make up for that something missing.解析:考查冠词。固定短语as a result“结果”。2.(2018全国卷改编)Since thenfor all these yearswe have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.As result,the plants are growing everywhere.解析:句意:自那以后这么多年来,我们一直让西红柿自由生长。结果,西红柿长得到处都是。根据句意可知,上下文为因果关系。as a result为固定短语,
7、意为“因此”。故填不定冠词a。考法总结根据句意可知,此处表结果。as a result为固定短语。-9-冠词代词能力考法能力考法两步法1.判断设空后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。若是可数名词,是单数还是复数。2.根据语境或语法结构确定是泛指还是特指。复数名词或不可数名词表泛指时,其前不加任何冠词;单数可数名词表泛指时其前需要加不定冠词,表特指要用定冠词the。【典型例题】(2018陕西卷改编)village where I was born has grown into town.解析:句意:我出生的那个村庄已经发展成了一个小镇。分析句子结构可知,village后有定语从句where I w
8、as born修饰,故第一空为特指,用定冠词The;由句意可知,小村庄已经发展成了一个小镇,故第二空为泛指,用不定冠词a,表示“一个”。-10-冠词代词基础考法基础考法考法1考查人称代词、物主代词及反身代词的用法语篇填空和短文改错题型中均会考查人称代词、物主代词及反身代词,主要考查人称代词主格和宾格的正确使用以及代词指代一致。解题时要理清行文逻辑和句子成分,避免人称代词的主格和宾格混用或指代不一致。-11-冠词代词【典型例题1】(2018全国卷)A few hours before,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with(it)choking smog.解析:句意:
9、几个小时前我还在香港的家,呼吸着那里令人窒息的烟雾。空格后的名词词组choking smog需要用形容词性物主代词修饰,故填its。考法总结根据空格后的名词词组可以判定应填形容词性物主代词。【典型例题2】(2018全国卷)On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by(it)mother.解析:此处修饰名词mother,做定语,应用形容词性物主代词,故填its。考法总结根据所缺成分可以确定应填的词性。-12-冠词代词考法2考查it的用法对于it的考查主要有以下两个方面:(1)it
10、做替代词。高考通常考查it的替代功能,如指天气、时间等,也可以指代前面提到过的具体事件以及上文提到的同一个事物。【典型例题3】(2018全国卷)However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using every day.解析:考查代词。在六个月内超过25,000人每天都在使用它。此处指代的是前面的the railway,故要用it。-13-冠词代词【典型例题4】(2018全国卷改编)The river was so poll
11、uted that actually caught fire and burned.解析:句意:这条河被污染得如此严重以至于都能起火并燃烧起来。根据句子结构可知从句中缺少主语,且根据句意可知,设空处指代上文中提到的The river。故填it。考法总结that从句中缺少主语,且此处应与上文主语一致,为避免重复,应用it代替。-14-冠词代词(2)it做形式主语和形式宾语的句型及强调句型。【典型例题5】(2018辽宁卷改编)is difficult to understand why she barks every minute she is outside.解析:句意:很难理解她为什么一直在外
12、面叫。根据句意可知,本句真正的主语是动词不定式短语,故用It做形式主语,把真正的主语后置。考法总结根据固定结构“It+be+adj.+to do sth.”可知用It。-15-冠词代词考法3考查不定代词的用法对不定代词的考查集中在其指代的范围上,故解题时一定要明确其所指代的对象。另外要准确区分易混的不定代词。重点掌握下列几组易混词或短语的用法区别:(1)another,other,the other,others,the others(2)all,both,either,neither,none,each,every(3)many,much(4)few,a few,little,a littl
13、e(5)some,any-16-冠词代词【典型例题6】(2018四川卷改编)Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.解析:句意:尼基总是充满了想法,但据我所知没有一个有用。根据句意和转折连词but可知,此处表示尼基的想法一个也没用。代词none表示特指,相当于“no+上文提到的名词”,可以和of连用,该空后省略了of his ideas。故答案为none。考法总结该空在句中做主语,应填代词或名词。此处指的是前面提到的想法,为避免重复,故用代词。由but可知此处应填表示全部否定意义的代词。故填none。-17-冠词代词
14、【典型例题7】(2018福建卷改编)In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in,knives and forks.解析:句意:在一些国家,人们用筷子吃饭,而在另一些国家,人们用刀叉吃饭。根据句意可知,设空处泛指“其他的国家”。故填others,相当于other countries。考法总结some.others.为固定搭配,看到some和while即可想到后面可能填others。-18-冠词代词能力考法能力考法考法1通过句子成分确定填什么代词分析句子成分,如果句中缺主语,则可能填人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it;如果缺宾语,
15、则可能填人称代词宾格;如果宾语与主语是指同一人,则应用反身代词。【典型例题1】On my desk is a photo that my father took of _ when I was a baby.解析:设空处做介词of的宾语,应用人称代词宾格;再结合句意“我的桌子上有张我小时候父亲为我拍的照片”可知填me。-19-冠词代词考法2通过句式结构判断是否填it根据句式结构,判断句子是否为it的特殊句式,即it做形式主语、形式宾语或在强调句式中。【典型例题2】(2018陕西卷改编)Id appreciate if you could let me know in advance wheth
16、er or not you will come.解析:句意:如果你能提前告知我你是否会来,我将不胜感激。Id appreciate it if.为固定句型,意为“如果,我将不胜感激”。it在该句型中做形式宾语,指代下文if从句的内容。故答案为it。-20-.单句语法填空1.(2018全国卷改编)When I taught art at school in Seattle,I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term.2.My parents had moved to England from India during 1970s.
17、3.The X-rays you get at doctors or dentists are not enough to cause cancer.a 考查不定冠词。此处表示泛指一所学校,故用不定冠词a。the 考查定冠词。the 1970s意为“20世纪70年代”;表示“某世纪某年代”时应在数字前加the。the 考查定冠词。句意:你在医院或牙科诊所做的X光检查不足以让你患癌症。“the doctors”指医院,因此用定冠词the。-21-4.I dont remember the first two operations very well,but I do recall third.5
18、.Girls,who always spend money on clothes,should keep eye open for discounts.6.most popular Shanxi noodle is daoxiaomian.This noodle is shaved from a giant block of dough(生面团)hoisted over the chefs shoulder.the 考查定冠词。此处表示“我确实能想起第三次的手术”,序数词前一般用定冠词修饰,表示第几的概念。故填the。an 考查不定冠词。keep an eye open for sth.意为“
19、留神某物,密切注意某物”。The 考查定冠词。最受欢迎的山西面条是刀削面。本处为最高级,应用定冠词The。-22-7.number of these results on why this kind of bird cant fly are extremely interesting.8.The frequent terrorism activities in recent years constitute(构成)enormous security challenge to all countries.A 考查不定冠词。由句子的谓语动词are和句意可知,此处应用a number of,意为“许
20、多”。故填A。an 考查不定冠词。句意:近年来,频繁的恐怖主义活动对所有国家都构成了一种很大的安全挑战。根据句意可知,此处表泛指,且enormous的读音以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an。-23-9.The young may need more sleep than old,but usually eight hours are enough for the health of grown-ups.10.Mr Smith asked you to repeat phone number second time so that he could set it down.the 考查定冠词。“t
21、he+adj.”表一类人,此处指老年人,与前面的“The young”相照应。故填the。the a 考查冠词。第一空特指双方都知道的东西,要用定冠词the;第二空表示“再一次”,要用a second time。-24-.单句改错1.(2018全国卷)The course does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot from it._2.My mother always gave me some advice,but I seldom took them seriously._manymuch 考查不定代词。句意:这门课程花钱不多,然而我们还
22、是能从中学到许多。表示“钱”的多少时,要用much而不用many。themit 考查代词it。句意:我的妈妈总是给我一些建议,但我很少认真对待它。advice是不可数名词,故用it代指。-25-3.If you miss your sister,you just take out your phone and say“hello”to him._4.I wanted to do anything special for Dr.Johnson at his retirement party._himher 考查人称代词。句意:如果你想念你的姐姐,你就拿出手机和她打招呼。由“sister”可知,此
23、处应用人称代词her。anythingsomething 考查不定代词。句意:我想在约翰逊医生的退休晚会上为他做件特别的事情。根据句意可知,此处应用something;anything一般用于否定句和疑问句中,不符合语境。-26-5.Dont allow those comments to weaken you,and turn them into motivation to inspire yourself._6.Dolphins are thought to be intelligent animals because of its quick ability to learn._your
24、selfyou 考查人称代词。分析句子结构可知,此处为祈使句,inspire的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语不是指同一个人或物,故不用反身代词做宾语。itstheir 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:因为(拥有)快速的学习能力,海豚被认为是很聪明的动物。由句首的“Dolphins”可知,这里用their指代dolphins。-27-7.Sometimes we may find difficult to follow the teacher and some slow learners may even give up learning English._8.How do you like our club?
25、Im looking forward to early reply._find后加it 考查代词it。分析句子结构可知,此处应用it做形式宾语,真正的宾语是不定式短语to follow the teacher。to后加your 考查形容词性物主代词。由第一句话中的you可知,这里表示“期待你的尽早回复”,由名词reply可知,应用形容词性物主代词,故应加上your。-28-9.Id like to introduce Sarah to you.She is a good friend of me._10.But after the test,all Bob and Mary were call
26、ed to the teachers office._memine 考查名词性物主代词。句意:我想把Sarah介绍给你,她是我的一个好朋友。此处应用名词性物主代词mine,相当于my friends。allboth 考查不定代词。根据“Bob and Mary”可知,此处表示“两者都”,故将all改为both。-29-.语法填空As a single mom,it is often hard for me to provide those little“extras”my children seem to want.About four weeks ago,my 11-year-old son
27、 came home from school and 1.(excite)said that the musical instrument he had made from 2.(recycle)products was chosen to be sent to the NYS Green Nation Recycling Competition in Albany.There was a note 3.his teacher informing that my son 4.(invite)to attend the competition but the parents were expec
28、ted to pay for their children.My son was excited,5.I felt helpless.I didnt have that kind of money.excitedly recycled from was invited but-30-6.was going to cost$300!Well,my son 7._(immediate)began to do part-time jobs so he could earn some money for the trip,and I began to work as much as I could 8
29、.(put)a bit extra in as well.We prayed every night that somehow we would raise the money for him to attend the competition.At last,we got 9.telephone call from the Deputy Sheriffs Association in our area,and much to our 10.(amaze),this wonderful group of men and women would come together to sponsor
30、my son,so he could attend this event!My son is truly blessed.It immediately to put a amazement-31-【语篇解读】本文讲述了一个协会出资赞助作者的儿子使其能够参加比赛的故事。1.考查副词。修饰动词应用副词,且主语指人,故填excitedly。2.考查形容词。根据空后的products可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词。recycled意为“再利用的”。3.考查介词。根据语境可知,此处用from表示“来自”。4.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据全文时态和主语my son可知,此处应用一般过去时的第三人称单数形式。my son与invite之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以应用被动语态。5.考查连词。根据空前的“My son was excited”和空后的“I felt helpless”可知,此处应用but表示转折。6.考查代词。根据语境可知,此处应用It代指上文中提到的“参加比赛”这件事。-32-7.考查副词。修饰动词应用副词。故填immediately。8.考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式表示目的。9.考查冠词。根据语境可知,此处表示泛指。故填不定冠词a。10.考查名词。由空前的our可知,此处应用名词形式。to sb.s amazement表示“令某人吃惊的是”。
