1、1.ing 分词的构成分词的构成主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having done having been done否定式否定式:not+-ing/not having(been)done不是不是 having not(been)done2.一般式和完成式的用法一般式和完成式的用法-ing 分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作的动作同时同时进行的一个动作；完成式表示进行的一个动作；完成式表示先于先于谓语动词动作之前的一个动作。如：谓语动词动作之前的一个动作。如：Walking along the str
2、eet,he caught sightof an old friend of his.Not having studied his lessons very hard,he failed the examinations.3.-ing分词的被动式分词的被动式 当当ing 分词与它的逻辑主语构成被分词与它的逻辑主语构成被动关系时，需要用被动形式。根据动关系时，需要用被动形式。根据ing分词动作发生的时间，分词动作发生的时间，ing分词的被动分词的被动式分为一般被动式式分为一般被动式(being done)和完成被和完成被动式动式(having been done),如：如：The questio
3、n being discussed is very important.Having been praised by the teacher,he works even harder.4.-ing分词的句法功能分词的句法功能1)-ing 分词作主语分词作主语 Learning English has become a part of his life.It is no use trying to repair the ship.These holes are much too big.2)-ing分词作宾语分词作宾语 以下动词必须跟以下动词必须跟-ing分词作宾语：分词作宾语：admit/ap
4、preciate/avoid/consider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy/excuse/finish/image/keep/mind/miss/postpone/put off/practise/risk/stand/stop/suggest/give up/cannot help避免避免 错过错过 少延期少延期 avoid miss put off/postpone建议建议 完成完成 多练习多练习 suggest finish practise喜欢喜欢 想像想像 禁不住禁不住 enjoy imagine cant help承认承认 否定否定 与嫉妒与嫉妒 admit
5、deny envy逃避逃避 冒险冒险 莫原谅莫原谅 escape risk excuse忍受忍受 保持保持 不介意不介意 stand keep mindMake them easier for you to remember!Make them easier for you to remember!英语中某些及物动词后习惯跟动名词作宾语，这类动词英语中某些及物动词后习惯跟动名词作宾语，这类动词是是：advise,delay,appreciate,consider etc.to do sth.doing sth.forgetrememberregretmeango onstop try忘记忘记去
6、做去做某事某事忘记忘记已经做过已经做过某事某事记住记住去做去做某事某事记住记住曾做过曾做过某事某事遗憾遗憾去做去做某事某事后悔后悔做过做过某事某事打算打算/想做某事想做某事意味着做某事意味着做某事（做完某事）接着去（做完某事）接着去做另一件事做另一件事继续做同一件事继续做同一件事设法去做某事设法去做某事试着做某事试着做某事停下来去做另一件事停下来去做另一件事停止做一件事停止做一件事3）-ing 分词作表语。如：分词作表语。如：Our job is playing all kinds of music.The music they are playing sounds so exciting.注
7、：一般来讲，注：一般来讲，-ing分词作表语有两种情况，分词作表语有两种情况，一是名词性，这时主语和表语可以互换。即：一是名词性，这时主语和表语可以互换。即：Playing all kinds of music is our job.二是形容词性，表示主语的性质和特征，二是形容词性，表示主语的性质和特征，主表不可互换。主表不可互换。4）-ing分词作定语可以表示分词作定语可以表示 (1)所修饰名词的用途。如：所修饰名词的用途。如：a waiting room(=a room for waiting)候车室候车室 a walking stick(=a stick for walking)手杖手杖
8、 a sleeping car(=a car for sleeping)卧车卧车（2）所修饰词的性质特征。如：）所修饰词的性质特征。如：exciting news 令人激动的消息令人激动的消息 a moving story 一个令人感动的故事一个令人感动的故事 注：分词短语作定语须放在所修饰词之后，注：分词短语作定语须放在所修饰词之后，例例如如：the man standing at the gate=the man who is standing at the gate (3)所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语从句形式。如：从句形式。如：a slee
9、ping child(=a child who is sleeping)正睡觉的孩子正睡觉的孩子 a walking man(=a man who is walking)正散步的男人正散步的男人 5)在在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官动词后等感官动词后可以用可以用-ing形式做宾语补足语。这时形式做宾语补足语。这时-ing 形式形式和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，并且并且-ing 形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。如：形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。如：He saw a boy climbing the tree.Do you
10、hear someone knocking at the door?有人敲门你听见了吗有人敲门你听见了吗?区别区别see sb.doing sth 是指是指”看见某人正在做某事看见某人正在做某事”，不是全，不是全过程，表正在进行过程，表正在进行 see sb.do sth 是指是指”看见某人做过某事看见某人做过某事”是看着事情的是看着事情的发生全过程，发生全过程，是看见某人做某事是看见某人做某事例句例句I saw her clean the classroom.是说我看到她打扫教室了。（强调做过这件事）是说我看到她打扫教室了。（强调做过这件事）I saw her cleaning the cl
11、assroom.我看到她正在扫打教室（强调正在做某事）我看到她正在扫打教室（强调正在做某事）6)-ing分词作状语分词作状语 (1)-ing分词在句中可以作分词在句中可以作伴随状语伴随状语，常放于，常放于句后，表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，来对句后，表示主语正在进行的另一个动作，来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作主要陪衬。谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作主要陪衬。如：如：They sat in front of the building,laughing and chatting.He worked late yesterday,preparing for the lecture.(2)-ing
12、分词可以作分词可以作时间状语时间状语，常放在句首，常放在句首，如：如：(When)Walking in the street,I caught sight of a tailors shop.(3)-ing分词可以作分词可以作原因状语原因状语，常放句首。，常放句首。如：如：Being ill,he cant go to school.Not knowing her address,we couldnt get in touch with her.Having lived in the city for many years,he knows it very well.(After)Finish
13、ing my work,I went out.Having told us a funny story,the teacher went onto explain the text to us(4)-ing分词可以作分词可以作条件状语条件状语，常放句首。，常放句首。Turning to the right,youll find the post office there.(5)-ing分词可以作分词可以作结果状语结果状语，常放句末。，常放句末。He turned off the light,seeing nothing.5.-ing分词的复合结构分词的复合结构物主代词物主代词/人称代词人称代词
14、/名词所属格或普通名词名词所属格或普通名词+ing分词分词(1)作主语（须用作主语（须用物主代词物主代词或或名词所属格名词所属格）His/Toms not being chosen made us disappointed.(2)作宾语作宾语(除了物主代词和名词所有格，也可用除了物主代词和名词所有格，也可用普普通名词或代词宾格通名词或代词宾格）He was awakened by someones knockingat the door.They have never forgiven us going there.We dont mind him explaining it again.My
15、 friend cant understand your treating himlike that.(3)作状语作状语（须用普通名词或主格代词须用普通名词或主格代词,亦称亦称独立主格结构独立主格结构）Time permitting,well deal with the text.The boy was playing with a ball,his mother standing nearby.1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定
16、 式，介词式，介词等是主谓关系或动宾关系。等是主谓关系或动宾关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。The test finished,we began our holiday.=When the test was finished,we began our holiday.The meeting gone over,everyone tired to go home earlier.独立主格结构可在其前加上介词独立主格结构可在其前加上介词 with/without。Without a word more spoken,she left the meet
17、ing room.The boy was walking,with his father following.Miss Smith entered the classroom,book in hand.Miss Smith entered the classroom,with a book in her hand.在在“名词（或代词）名词（或代词）+介词短语介词短语”构成的构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。代词和冠词。Not far from the school there was a garden,_ owner seated in
18、it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.A.its B.whose C.which D.that【分析分析】此题很容易误选此题很容易误选B，汉子你一不小心就会认，汉子你一不小心就会认为它是定语从句，为它是定语从句，whose 在定语从句中用作定语修饰在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词其后的名词owner。但它却不是一个句子，因为没有。但它却不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。谓语。seat 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所
19、以若在 seated 前加前加上助动词上助动词is，则可以选择，则可以选择B。所以选。所以选A。(1)He wrote a lot of novels,many of _ translated into foreign languages.A.it B.them C.which D.that(2)He wrote a lot of novels,many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A.it B.them C.which D.that第第(1)应选应选B，因为句中的，因为句中的 translated 是过去分词是过去分词若选若选C，则
20、该从句无谓语；，则该从句无谓语；第第(2)应选应选C，该句是典型的定语从句，因为该句，该句是典型的定语从句，因为该句修饰的是前面的修饰的是前面的novels，即指物，所以只能用，即指物，所以只能用which做做of的宾语的宾语.请记住定语从句有逗号请记住定语从句有逗号,不用不用that!(3)He wrote a lot of novels,and many of _ were translated into foreign languages.A.it B.them C.which D.that【分析分析】此题与上面的第此题与上面的第(2)题不同，两句间题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词多了一个
21、并列连词and，说明这是一个并列，说明这是一个并列句，故应选句，故应选B，则不能选，则不能选C。(1)There I met several people,two of _ being foreigners.A.which B.them C.whom D.that(2)There I met several people,two of _ were foreigners.A.Which B.whom C.who D.that(3)There I met several people,and two of _ were foreigners.A.which B.them C.whom D.tha
22、t(4)There _ nothing more to do,Mr.Goodman left for home.A.Was B.being C.to be D.had being（独立主格结构）（独立主格结构）（非限制性定语从句）（非限制性定语从句）（两个句子）（两个句子）（独立主格结构）（独立主格结构）1._ more attention,the tree could have grown better A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given2._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving
23、B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received3.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D was preparingBACto prepare表目的意思上并不错但通表目的意思上并不错但通常不用逗号隔开常不用逗号隔开5.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talk
24、s,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.addedC6.“Cant you read?”Mary said _ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and pointed angrily C.angrily pointed D.and angrily pointing8.The computer center,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.ope
25、ning C.having opened D.opened9.The first textbooks_ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written ADD11.Do you know the boy _ under the big tree?A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying12.There was a terrible noise _ the sudde
26、n burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed 13.-Good morning,can I help you?-Id like to have this package_,madam.A.be weighed B.to be weighed C.to weigh D.weighed14.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard DDDB15.T
27、he missing boys were last seen _ near the river.A.playing B.to be playing C.play D.to play16.The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.A.to have stolen B.to be stealing C.to steal D.stealing A 别人看到时正在玩耍别人看到时正在玩耍,而非全过程而非全过程D补充完补充完girl的定语从句：的定语从句：who is caught stealing其中其中who is 可以省略可以省略
28、也可以加上。也可以加上。be caught doing sth是固定句型。意思是某人被撞者是固定句型。意思是某人被撞者做某事做某事，放到句中，就是被抓到偷东西。，放到句中，就是被抓到偷东西。17.The murderer was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied19.She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.A.arriving B.to arrive C.having arrived D.a
29、nd arrivedDD20.John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing21.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay22.Mr.Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.e
30、ver driveCAAwarn sb.(not)to do sth.警告某人（不要）干某事警告某人（不要）干某事warn sb.about/of sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事提醒、警告某人注意某事make sb.dobe made to do25.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make26.She pretended _ me when I passed by.A.not to see B.no
31、t seeing C.to not see D.having not seen27.Rather than _ on a crowded bus,he always prefers _ a bicycle.A.ride,ride B.riding ,ride C.ride,to ride D.to ride,riding AAC28.Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this morning.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.takingshoud love to 等于等于woud like to,后边
32、跟动词后边跟动词原形原形,Jim 是被带进剧院的是被带进剧院的,用被动语态用被动语态.所以选所以选A.29.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gone31.Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job.A.so not as to B.so as not to C.so as to not D.not so as toBB3
33、3.-The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off34.I can hardly image Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailedCC35.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A.you to call B.yo
34、u call C.your calling D.youre calling37._ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk38.-I must apologize for _ ahead of time.-Thats all right.A.letting you not know B.not letting you know C.letting you know not D.letting not you knowCBB42.You were brave e
35、nough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.A.to do B.to be doing C.done D.having done 43.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not toDAB 这是一个省略式的回答，用这是一个省略式的回答，用to来表示动词的省略。来表示动词的省略。若选若选A，必须是完整的，必须是完整的，
36、not to do that.因为因为do是及物是及物动词。例如：动词。例如：Would you like to go with me?Id like to.44.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating45._ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lost46.Robert is s
37、aid _ abroad,but I dont know what country he studied.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studyingCCABe lost in sth 是沉醉、沉迷、迷失于。是沉醉、沉迷、迷失于。studied.48.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door_“Sorry to miss you;will call later.”A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading4
38、9.The sentence wants_ once more.A.explained B.explaining C.being explained D.to explainDBwant doing=want to be done.need require 都可以用主动的形式表示被动都可以用主动的形式表示被动如如 The trees need watering=The trees need to be watered.51._ from so many apple,I think,these on the table are much better than the others.A.Havi
39、ng chosen B.Chosen C.Being chosen D.Choose52.Her skirt has become loose.She seems _ weight.A.to lose B.that she has lost C.to have lost D.to be losing53.The highway _ to the city is under repair now.A.leads B.led C.to lead D.leadingBCD54.Did _ on time make the teacher angry?A.she not come B.she not
40、to come C.not her coming D.her not coming55.You can never image the great trouble I have had _ the patient who received a serious wound.A.to treat B.treated C.treat D.treatingDD这里省略了这里省略了in,惯用法惯用法 have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth:做某事遇到了麻烦。做某事遇到了麻烦。There seems to be no time for going to the cinem
41、a化简是化简是There is no time for going to the cinema.it is no time 不可以这样用。只能不可以这样用。只能it is time for(doing)sth.而否定的只能而否定的只能there is some/much/a little/no timeC56._ to be no time for going to the cinema.A.It seems B.It is seeming C.There seems D.It is祈使句祈使句:一一.动词原型动词原型+and/or+陈述句陈述句 (一般陈述句里有一般陈述句里有will,or可
42、用可用or else或或otherwise替换替换)如如 Give me one more hour,and Ill get the work finished.Follow the advice,and youll be well very soon Take the chance,or you will regret it.二二.名词词组名词词组+and+陈述句陈述句 如如 More effort,and you will succeed.Another attempt,and you will get it.57._ to the top of the hill,and you can
43、see the whole of the town.A.Get B.To get C.Getting D.Having gotA58.While shopping,people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A.to persuade B.persuading C.being persuaded D.be persuaded59.-Your shirt wants _,Mary.-Yes,it does.Im going to have it _ this afternoon.A.to wash,washing B.to wash,washed C.washing;washed D.washing,wash CC
