1、第5章 凝练翻译法一、课前练笔 Shipping details,including whether transshipments,are allowed.Also recorded should be the latest date for shipment and the names of the ports of shipment and discharge.(It may be in the best interest of the exporter for shipment to be allowed from any UK port so that he has a choice
2、if,for example,some ports are affected by strikes.The same applies for the port of discharge.)装船细节：包括是否允许转运以及装船的最后日期和装船、卸货的港口名称。（就出口商而言，如能任选英国的任何港口装船最为有利。如在发生罢工等情况下，出口商有选择港口的余地。对卸货港口亦然。）二、翻译方法讲解 译文省略掉了从译文（即汉语）角度看属于多余的成分，同时还在句法上采用了并句的翻译方法，比如原文的第一句和第二句在译文中被合并成一个句子；原文中括号里的三个句子在汉语译文中被翻译成三个意义明确但同时又非常短小的句
3、子，这样做的目的是让译文更加凝练。什么叫凝练？言当以简洁为贵。凝练语言的目的就是使语言表达更为简洁。“凝练”乃“（文字）紧凑简练”。“紧凑”的意思是“密切连接，中间没有多余的东西或空隙”。“简练”的意思是“（措辞）简要；精练”。每一种语言在表达时都要求紧凑简练。但不同的语言，因彼此之间存在着语法差异、表达差异、搭配差异、修辞差异、文化差异等，其紧凑简练的方式会不一样。换言之，在一种语言的凝练表达中所必需的成分不一定在另一种语言的凝练表达中同样需要。就翻译而言，在一种语言的凝练表达中需要的成分，在另外一种语言的凝练表达中有可能不需要，这时，就可以采用凝练翻译法即，将这些不需要的成分略去不译，从而
4、使得译文简洁晓畅、“文约而意丰”。英汉两种语言在语法上差异就很大。这些差异体现在：英语有冠词，而汉语却没有；英语重形合、连接词较多，汉语重意合、连接词较少；英语中介词丰富，多达280多个，汉语中介词则较少，只有30来个；英语中经常使用代词，尤其是经常使用人称代词、关系代词等，而汉语中代词则用得较少。因此，英译汉时，在汉语译文中可根据具体情况，将英语中使用、但汉语中不使用或者不一定使用的冠词、连接词、介词、代词等省略掉，使汉语译文练达晓畅。You shall facilitate the foreign trade enterprises by adopting measures such as
5、 holiday appointment inspection application,telephone inspection application,fax inspection application,advance inspection application,and clockwise wait for inspection.译文：要要通过采取节假日预约报检、电话报检、传真报检、提前报检、全天候候检等种种措施，为各家外贸企业提供便利。The Bank of Japan intervened in the market shortly before 3 p.m.,when the U.
6、S.currency was on the verge of falling below 123.译文：当美元兑换日元快要降至低于快要降至低于123日元日元时，日本央行就会在下午三点钟不到的时候干预市场。这里的汉语译文将“was”省略未译。另一种减译法精炼压缩,则是指把英语中较为复杂的结构包括从句压缩成精炼的汉语词组。如将“the exchange of needed goods”翻译成“互通有无”，将“suitable for men,women and children”翻译成“男女老少皆宜”等，都属于精练压缩翻译法。It seems perverse that poor countrie
7、s today prefer to buy low-yielding American government bonds when they could earn higher returns by investing in their own economics.译文一：穷国倾向于购买美国政府发行的低利率国债，这点有悖常理，因为倘若他们将这些盈余投资于本国经济，那么所能赚取的利润会更高。（刘宓庆，2008:165）译文二：如今，贫穷的国家在自己投资本国经济时可以获取更高收益的情况下，更愿意购买低收益的美国政府债券，这似乎有悖常理。这里的译文一总共为59个字，译文二为55个字。译文一没有充分理
8、解原文的句法关系，且语言表达较为拖沓。译文二则将原文的句法关系理解得比较透彻，并且表达得凝练，没有任何冗余的字眼。The rapid and dynamic advance of science and technology all over the world today has become the decisive factor behind the development of productive forces and has exerted a profound impact on world economy and social life.译文一：当代科学技术迅猛发展，已经成为推
9、动生产力发展具有重要意义的因素，也对世界经济和社会生活产生了深刻的影响。The rapid and dynamic advance of science and technology all over the world today has become the decisive factor behind the development of productive forces and has exerted a profound impact on world economy and social life.译文二：当代世界尤其是中国科学技术迅猛发展，已经产生了巨大的影响，成为推动生产力发
10、展具有的重要因素，有决定意义，对世界经济和社会生活产生了深刻的影响。The rapid and dynamic advance of science and technology all over the world today has become the decisive factor behind the development of productive forces and has exerted a profound impact on world economy and social life.译文三：当今世界，科学技术的发展突飞猛进。它已成为生产力发展的决定性因素，已对世界经济
11、和社会生活产生深远影响。（李明 译）Yet money market funds have loans outstanding to French banks of around$200 billion,according to J.P.Morgan estimates.Thats about 12 percent of the assets under management,a proportion that hasnt changed much over the last year,according to a Fitch survey of the 10 largest prime mo
12、ney market funds,despite Greeces financial woes.译文一：然而据摩根大通的估计，货币市场基金已经给法国银行贷出了约2000亿美元的贷款。惠誉国际一份关于10大货币市场基金的调查显示，尽管希腊财政状况令人担忧，但这些贷款仍占了基金管理下资产的12%，与去年接近。（95个字）译文二：然而，根据世界500强摩根大通公司估计，货币市场基金向法国银行提供了约2000亿美元的贷款。这个数字，根据惠誉国际就10家最大的一流货币市场基金进行调查的结果显示，尽管希腊在财政方面历经了困苦，却占据了其所管理资产中的约12%，这一比例在过去一年中均没有多大改观。（124个
13、字）As the events of 2008 showed,if a fund falls below par value known colloquially as breaking the buck investors can be badly rattled.And the temporary federal government backstop put in place during the crisis is no longer in force.译文一：正如08年那次，如果一个基金跌到净值以下通俗点说就是跌破面值投资者就会非常慌乱。而联邦政府在危机时期实施的临时援助将不再奏效。
14、（62个字）译文二：正如2008年的一系列事件所显示的，如果某个基金跌至面值以下也就是通常所说的跌破一元那么，投资者有可能就会变得惊慌失措。联邦政府在危机时刻所采取的临时措施也不会奏效。（80个字，李明 译）三、不同译文鉴赏 Under the circumstances,we have no alternative but to accept your cancellation,but we would ask you to understand that the delay was in no way caused by any negligence on our part.译文一：在这种
15、情况下，我方没有任何选择的余地，只能同意贵方取消订单。但我方希望贵方了解，延迟并非因我方的疏忽所造成。译文二：在此情况下，我方别无选择，只能接受贵方取消订货。但我方提请贵方理解，延误并非我方疏忽造成。The dominant factor in the growth of the company in question throughout the years has been its success in maintaining technical superiority in product design and manufacturing techniques.译文一：该公司多年来发展壮
16、大的主要因素是一贯成功保持了产品设计和制造工艺上的优势。译文二：该公司该公司这些年来不断发展壮大的主要因素是，它在保持产品设计和制造工艺的技术优势上一直非常成功。To avert the danger of major defaults and to restore security to the economic systems,Western bankers and governments will have to ensure that they are imposing reasonable repayment terms on developing countries,terms t
17、hat will not provoke revolution or chaos.译文一：为了防止发生重大的宣布无力偿还债务事件，并使经济体制恢复巩固，西方各国金融机构和政府必须确保对各发展中国家强制实行公平合理的还债条件，确保这些条件不至于引发革命或混乱。To avert the danger of major defaults and to restore security to the economic systems,Western bankers and governments will have to ensure that they are imposing reasonable
18、 repayment terms on developing countries,terms that will not provoke revolution or chaos.译文二：为避免发生重大违约事件的危险，恢复经济体制的安全，西方各国银行和各国政府将不得不确保它们对发展中国家强制实施合理的偿还条件，而这些条件又不至于引发革命或混乱。四、商务词汇摘译 American Treasury bonds 美国长期债券 American government bonds 美国政府债券 money market 金融市场 the money market 资本市场 money market fu
19、nd 货币市场基金 market of the investment funds(MIF)投资基金市场 money circulation融资 money laundering洗钱 public funds公款 anti-money laundry反洗钱 money laundering countermeasures反洗钱 international hot money国际游资 funds management资金管理 default 违约，不履行 money claims 货币债权 inquiry sheet 询价单 outstanding 未付款的，未结账的，未处理的五、翻译练习 The
20、 study group will discuss extending the depreciation period for structures such as bridges and tunnels according to their period of usability.研究小组将根据可使用的年限，讨论延长诸如桥梁和隧道等建筑的折旧年限。Should the buyers have to lodge a claim against the sellers,it must be done within 30 days after the arrival of the tanker a
21、t the port of destination.若买方向卖方提出索赔，需在油轮抵达目的港后三十日内提出。We are on the look-out for the following goods and if you handle them,we shall appreciate your sampling an offer and stating the trade terms.我方正密切关注以下这些货物。若贵公司经销这些货物，请贵公司提供报价样单，标明交易条件，我方将不胜感激。As we are under a contract to accept the shipment of a
22、 monthly quantity of 1,000 tons as contract quantity,we will be subject to a heavy fine if we fail to accept it.根据合同规定，我方必须接受每月1,000吨的运货量。若不接受，我方将被处以重罚。As the goods you required are in short supply,we intend to furnish you with our commodity as a substitute,which is of good quality and very close to your requirements but will be offered at a more favorable price.由于你方所需商品供应不足，我方拟向你方提供替代商品。替代商品质量好，与你方要求接近，但所报的价格更为优惠。
