1、v主语的转换：v1 主语转换为谓语v原文的主语为动作性的名词，且采用被动语态。译成汉语时，须将英语的被动语态调整为汉语的主动语态，进行转换翻译。如：v1）Partial shipments shall be permitted upon presentation of a clean set of shipping document.v可以允许分批发货，但须提供一套明确的装运单据。vDelivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order,otherwise the Buyer may at its optio
2、n cancel the order without cost to him,and charge the Seller for any loss incurred as a result of the latters failure to make such delivery.v卖方必须在购货订单规定的时间内交货，否则，买方可取消合同，而不承担任何损失，并要求卖方赔偿由不交货所造成的一切损失。v主语转换为宾语v原文的主语往往为普通名词，且常常采用被动语态。译成汉语时，将英语的被动语态改译成汉语的主动语态，主语转换为宾语。如：vShould all or part of the Contrac
3、t and its appendices be unable to be fulfilled owing to the fault of one party,the breaching party shall bear the responsibilities thus caused.v由于一方过失，致使不能履行或不能完全履行本合同及其附件时，由果实方承担违约责任。vIf any terms and conditions of this Contract are breached and the breach is not corrected by the breaching party wi
4、thin 30 days after a written notice thereof is given by the other party,then the nonbreaching party shall have the option to terminate this Contract by giving written notice thereof to the breaching party.v如果一方违反本合同的任何条款，并且在接到另一方的书面通知后30天内不予以补救，未违约方有权选择向违约方书面通知终止合同。v主语转换为定语v如果主语和宾语之间的关系密切，或宾语本身就是主语的
5、一部分，译成汉语时，为使译文符合汉语的表达习惯，往往把原文的主语转换为定语。如：vEach Party is liable to the Joint Venture Company only up to the limit of the capital subscribed by it.v各方对合资公司的责任以各自认缴的出资额为限。vThe Guarantee Period shall start from the exact date on which the Purchaser receives notification in writing from the Vendor that Pl
6、ant is ready for dispatch from the Works.v担保期限的具体日期自买方收到卖方发出的，告知随时可从工厂发运的书面通知起开始计算。v2 宾语的转换v宾语转换为主语v合同英语中的某些动词宾语，在逻辑上是应说明的主体，为使其突出和醒目，翻译时一般将其转换为汉语的主语。如:vParty A shall send twice its technical personnel to Party Bs factory for training,and the total number of the participants shall not exceed 320(exc
7、luding the interpreter).v甲方的技术人员将分两批赴乙方接受培训，参加培训人员不超过320人（翻译人员除外）。vThe Seller shall deliver the Equipment and Materials in accordance with the Contract from the 19(nineteenth)month to the 27(twenty-seventh)month from the date of the signing the Contract in 5(five)lots.v根据合同，卖方的设备和材料应当自合同签订之日起第19个至27
8、个月内分五批交付。v宾语转换为谓语v如果原文的谓语动词不易处理成汉语的谓语，而原文中的宾语又是含有动作意义的名词，那么在汉译时可以将原文中的宾语转换成汉语的谓语，或与原文动词一起合译为汉语的谓语。如：vThe Licenser will,at its own cost,take such actions to eliminate infringement of the Licensed Patents as may be reasonably necessary and proper in its own opinion.v许可方应在其认为有必要的时候，以适当的方式，自费采取行动，消除对特许专
9、利的侵权。vThe Seller shall make delivery of the goods strictly within the period stipulated herein.In the event of delay in delivery,the Buyer may cancel the Contract and claim damages for breach of the Contract.v卖方应当严格按照规定的期限交货，若迟交，买方有权撤销本合同，并要求卖方对由此所造成的损失进行赔偿。v表语的转换v表语转换为主语v在英语中，当用名词作表语时，主语和表语所表达内容往往是
10、一致的。在译成汉语时，为使上下文连贯，或突出表语所述内容，可将原文句中的表语转换为汉语的主语。如：vThis is the final arbitration award and binding on both Contracting Parties.v这一仲裁是终局性的，对双方均有约束力。vAgent oriented toward a single geographic market searching for products to import and market in the home Country is an import agent.v进口代理商是面向某一个地区市场，寻找能进
11、口到本国销售的产品的代理人。v表语转换为谓语v当介词短语作表语时，一般都应选择一个适当的汉语动词作为谓语，这样有利于处理译文。如：vIn the course of arbitration,the Contract shall be continuously executed by both parties except the part of the Contract which is under arbitration.v在仲裁过程中，除了正在仲裁的部分条款外，合同的其他条款应继续执行。vWHEREAS Party B is in the real estate business,and
12、the two Parties are in consideration of the mutual conveniences and agree to enter into this Contract under the terms and conditions set forth as follows:v鉴于乙方经营房地产业务，双方考虑相互的便利，同意按下列条款签订本合同。v定语的转换v定语转换为谓语v在汉语中，形容词是可以作谓语的。因此，当英语的形容词作前置定语时，很难将其译成通顺的汉语。此时，如果将定语转换为汉语的谓语，使之和所修饰的名词一起构成汉语的主谓词组，则可使译文流畅规范。如：
13、vThe sample of the machine submitted by the Seller is featured by novel shape,easy operation,high calorific efficiency and low fuel consumption.v卖方提交的样机的特点是造型新颖、操作简便、热效率高、油耗低。vWe look forward to an ever-increasing volume of business with your glass factories.v我方盼望与你方玻璃厂的交易额日益增高。v定语转换为状语v在英语中，如果将某一含有
14、动作意义的名词转移为汉语的动词，那么，原来名词前的形容词或分词坐定语，即可转换为汉语的状语。如：vAny disputes arising from the execution of,or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly consultations between both Parties.In case no settlement can be reached through consultations,the disputes shall be submitted for arbitrati
15、on.v凡由执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关的一切争议，双方应友好协商解决，如果协商不能解决，应提交仲裁。vThe Joint Ventures products to be sold in China may be handled by the Chinese Materials and Commercial Departments by means of agency or exclusive sales,or direct sales by the Joint Venture Company.v合资公司内销产品可由中国物资部门和商业部门代销或包销，或由合资公司直接销售。v涉外商务合同中被
16、动语态的翻译v1将动作的发出者转换为主语v在合同英语中的一些被动句子中，往往出现由by 和/或between引起的短语，在句中作状语，其中名词是本句涉及的行为当事人，为突出句中动作的发出者，可将它转换为主语。如：vThis Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller,whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions sti
17、pulated below.v买卖双方同意按下列条款购买、出售下述商品，并签订本合同。vAll the payments shall be made in the U.S.Currency by the Buyer to the Seller by telegraphic transfer to the Sellers designated account with the Bank of China,Beijing,China.v买方应以美元支付贷款，并以电汇的方式汇至卖方指定的在中国银行北京分行的账户。v2将句中某一状语转换为主语，如：vThe established,remunerati
18、on and expenses of the staff of the preparation and construction office,when agreed by both parties,shall be covered in the project budget.v经甲乙双方同意后，工程预算应包括筹建工作人员的编制、报酬及经费。v3 译成汉语的主动语态，如：vThe Seller shall not be held responsible for late delivery or non-delivery of the goods owing to generally recog
19、nized Force Majeure causes.v由所公认的不可抗力的原因造成迟延交货或不交货，卖方不负责任。vThe Seller shall be entitled to terminate this Contract in the event of failure by the Buyer to comply with any terms or conditions stated in this Article.v如果买方违反本条所规定的条件，卖方有权终止此合同。v4 译成被动句，如：vThe term for the technology transfer agreement i
20、s signed by the Joint Venture Company and Party B and it shall be approved by the approval authority.v技术转让协议的期限由合资公司与乙方签订并经审批机关批准。vAll taxes,customs duties and other excises arising in connection with the performance of the Contract outside the territory of Party As Country shall be borne by Party B
21、.v凡因履行本合同而在甲方国家以外发生的一切税费，均由乙方负担。v5 It is+p.p.结构的固定翻译，如：vIt is mutually agreed that the certificate of quality and quantity or weight issued by the manufacturer shall be part of the document for payment with the adopted Letter of Credit.v双方同意制造商出具的质量、数量或重量检验证明书作为有关信用证项下付款的单据之一。vIt is essentially stre
22、ssed that the Buyer are requested to sign and return the duplicate of this Contract within 3 days from the date of receipt.In the event of failure to do this,the Seller reserve the right to cancel the Contract.v必须强调，买方应于收到本合同之日起3天内签字并退还合同的副本，如买方不这样做，卖方保留取消合同的权利。vPractice:v1.本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。v2.双方都应遵
23、守合同规定。v3.双方的一切活动都应遵守合同规定。v1.This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.v2.Both parties shall abide by the contractual stipulations.v3.All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.v1.The Customer and NEXPRESS
24、 each agree and undertake that during the Term and thereafter it will keep confidential and will not use for its own purposes or without the prior written consent of the other party disclose to any third party any part or all information concerning the terms of this Agreement unless such information
25、 is in the public domain other than as a result of a breach of this clause.v2.If no written objection is raised by either party one month before its expiry,this Agreement will be automatically extended for another year.v1.用户及NEXPRESS均同意并承诺，在服务期间及以后，在没有对方书面同意之情况下，将对本协议条款之所有内容保密，不将其用于自己之用途，亦不向第三方透漏任何或全部与本协议有关之内容。除非此等咨询为公开情况，否则即被视为违反本条款。v2.在期满前一个月，如果双方未用书面提出异议，本协议将自动延长一年。
