1、CindyC i n d y英语动词有两种语态：英语动词有两种语态：主动语态主动语态(the Active Voice)被动语态被动语态(the Passive Voice)A.主动语态表示主语是动作的主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者执行者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态B.被动语态表示主语是动作的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者承受者。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(t h e A c t i v e V o i cWe主语主语speak English.主动语态主动
2、语态谓语谓语宾语宾语English is spoken主语主语谓语谓语by us.宾语宾语被动语态被动语态They cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天他们打扫了教室。昨天他们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday.昨天教室被他们打扫了。昨天教室被他们打扫了。We 主语s p e a k E n g l i s h.主动1.一般现在时：一般现在时：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词2.一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词3.现在现在/过去完
3、成时：过去完成时：has/have/had+been+及物动词的及物动词的过去分词过去分词4.一般将来时：一般将来时：will+be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词5.含有情态动词：情态动词含有情态动词：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词6.现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分及物动词的过去分词词歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面1.一般现在时：i s /a m /a r e +及物动词的(一)被动语态基本用法:当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be
4、+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。(一)被动语态基本用法:当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的(二)被动语态的基本结构:be+过去分词过去分词有各种时态的变化(二)被动语态的基本结构:b e +过去分词有各种时态的变化动词过去分词的变化动词过去分词的变化:1.1.规则动词的过去分词：规则动词的过去分词：1)1)一般情况在动词原形后加一般情况在动词原形后加-ed-ed2)2)以不发音以不发音e e结尾的加结尾的加-d-d3)3)以辅音加以辅音加y y结尾的，去结尾的，去y y变变i i加加-ed-edstudy-studied4)4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该以重读闭音
5、节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该stop-stopped辅音字母，再加辅音字母，再加-ed-edwatch-watchedpractice-practiced2.2.不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词：amishavearebeenhadhaswasweredogowritedonegonewritten动词过去分词的变化:1.规则动词的过去分词：1)一般情况在动1.Now English _ by more and more people all over the word.A.speaks B.is spoken C.was spoken一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语
6、态：主语主语+am/is/are+PP 1 .N o w E n g l i s h _ _ _ _ b y m o r e a2.The lost boy _ at the street corner last night.A.was found B.is found C.was looked for一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：主语主语+was/were+PP 2 .T h e l o s t b o y _ _ _ _ a t t h e s3.More man-made satellites _ in the future.A.will send up B.will be
7、 sent up C.are sent up一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：主语主语+will+be+PP主语主语+be going to+be+PP 3 .Mo r e m a n-m a d e s a t e l l i t e s _4.Three bridges _ since last year.A.have built B.were built C.have been built现在完成时的被动语态：现在完成时的被动语态：主语主语+have/has+been+PP 4 .T h r e e b r i d g e s _ _ _ _ s i n c e l5.Flow
8、ers _ every day.A.has been watered B.should be watered C.should water含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词情态动词+be+PP 5 .F l o w e r s _ _ _ _ e v e r y d a y.A(四)主动语态变被动语态:(1)把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;(2)把谓语动词变成被动结构(be过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。如：They makethe b
9、ikes in the factory.The bikes are made bythemin the factory.(四)主动语态变被动语态:(1)把原来的宾语提到前面作被动主变被步骤:1.找宾语:即动作的承受者(改为主语)2.修改谓语的语态:即be+原V.过去分词3.判断新主语的单复数:确定be动词的单复数.4.判断动词的时态:即be动词的时态.5.修改原句的主语:即by+主语(变宾格).He washed his car yesterday.isHis car wasbe washed(by him)yesterday.was 主变被步骤:1.找宾语:即动作的承受者(改为主语)2.修1
10、.Tom broke the window.be动词的单复数变化:The windowwas broken by Tom.2.She broke the windows.The windowswere brokenby her.3.He cleans the classroom everydayThe classroom is cleaned by himeveryday.1.T o m b r o k e t h e w i n d o w.b e 动词的单复数变1.They will finish the work in ten days.The workwill be finished(
11、by them)in ten days.2.They are going to have a showtomorrow.A show is going to be had(by them)tomorrow.1.T h e y w i l l f i n i s h t h e w o r k i n 1.Amy can take good care of the cat The cat can be taken good care ofby Amy.2.They should sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songs should be su
12、ngby them.1.A m y c a n t a k e g o o d c a r e o f t(四)被动语态的特殊情况:1.在主动语态中,make,let,hear,see,watch,notice等词,其后跟省略to的动词不定式(动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须还原动词不定式符号to.如:1)We heard him sing this song in the room.He was heard to sing this song in the room.2)The boss made him work 14 hours a day.He was made to work 14
13、 hours a day.3)I see him walk to school.He is seen to walk to school.(四)被动语态的特殊情况:1.在主动语态中,m a k e,l e不用被动语态的动词：不用被动语态的动词：1.不及物动词不及物动词（vi.)如如:happen,take place,appear,disappear,happened?A traffic accident _(happen)just now.2.连系动词连系动词（Link.v.)如：如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become?Pe
14、king Opera _(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示当此动词表示事物的自然属性事物的自然属性的时候的时候:?The pen _(write)very fast.writes?This kind of sweater _(sell)well.sells不用被动语态的动词：1.不及物动词（v i.)如:h a p p e(表示主语的自然属性特征表示主语的自然属性特征)+副词副词(well/badly/easily/smoothly),常见动词：常见动词：read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock,open,cook,shut,dry,
15、eat,drink,?The books _ wellA.were sold B.sellC.have sold D.are being sold?This kind of cloth _ easilyA.has washed B.was washedC.washes D.is washed(表示主语的自然属性特征)+副词(w e l l/b a d l y/1.Many accidents_ by careless drivers last year.A.are caused B.were causedC.have caused D.will cause2.An official _ by
16、some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.A.is interviewing B.is interviewed C.was interviewing D.was interviewed3.Today a lot of information can _ online.A.receive B.be received C.is received D.receiving4.I m glad to find that many trees_ in our city last year.A.plant B.planted C.were p
17、lanted D.are planted1.Ma n y a c c i d e n t s _ _ _ _ b y c a r e l5.Driving after drinking wineA.allows B.doesnt allow in China.C.is allowed D.isnt allowed6.Dont worry.Your packageback,so enjoy shopping here.A.will keep B.has kept C.will be kept D.has been kept7.It s true that Shakespeare s play _
18、 by so many people every year.here until you come A.see B.will see C.are seeing D.are seen5.D r i v i n g a f t e r d r i n k i n g w i n eCorrect the mistake(s)in each sentence if any:1)Two boys hurt while playing a ballCorrecting mistake2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to universi
19、ty3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?C o r r e c t t h e m i s t a k e(s)i n e a c h4)Class is begun at 7:30 every day5)His plan is sounded good4)C l a s s i s b e g u n a t 7:3 0 e v e r y根据提示写一篇以根据提示写一篇以How to Plant a Tree?为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上为题目的短文，要求内容齐全，上下文连贯。尽量使用下文连贯。尽量使用被动语态被动语态，80
20、词左右。词左右。1.树要在春天种树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里把树放进坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用脚踩实用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子,并且保证棍并且保证棍子插直了子插直了;6.用绳子用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水浇好水.根据提示写一篇以H o w t o P l a n t a T r e e?为题1.树要在春天种树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深但不要太深;3.把树放进坑里把树放进坑里,扶直扶直;4.把泥推回坑里把泥推回坑里,用脚
21、踩实用脚踩实;5.在旁边插一根坚在旁边插一根坚实的长棍子实的长棍子,并且并且保证棍子插直了保证棍子插直了;6.用绳子（用绳子（rope）把棍子和树绑起来把棍子和树绑起来7.浇好水浇好水.be plantedbe dugbig enoughtoo deepput intobe kept straightpush back topush hard with knock into be kept straightbe tied to withbe watered well1.树要在春天种;2.树坑要挖得够大,但不要太深;3.把树放Trees must be planted in Spring.The
22、 hole must be dug large enough but not too deep.Put the tree into the hole and it must be kept straight.Push the earth back to the hole and it must be pushed hard with your feet.Knock a long and strong stick into the earth beside the tree and it must be kept straight.Trees can be tied to the stick with a rope.And they must be watered well.T r e e s m u s t b e p l a n t e d i n S p r i n
