1、Unit-24-Society-Period-Four-Lesson-3-A-Changing-World-课件-北师大版高中选修8精品.单词识记单词识记1_nthe form in which books are produced2_na narrow street in a city3_adj.having a sweet smell4_vto throw5_vto accept a duty，task，responsibility etc.6_vto press，to force sth out of sth by pressing课前自主学习课前自主学习7_na feeling of
2、dryness caused by a lack of water8_nsomething made to contain things9_vto pass on a message10_nthe amount held by a spoon答案答案1.edition2.alley3.fragrant4.cast5.undertake6.squeeze7.thirst8.container9.relay10.spoonful.短语天地短语天地1_涌涌到某处到某处2_给某人留下深刻印象给某人留下深刻印象3_对对进行监视进行监视4_追溯到追溯到5_指的是指的是6keep control over_
3、7share the joy and sadness with_8cast a dark cloud on sth_9the turning point_10have a thirst for knowledge_.句型搜索句型搜索1By connecting peoples lives，the hutongs in fact connected peoples lives，whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the ordinary citizens.信息提取信息提取whether.or.不不管管还是还是例句仿写例句仿写无无论你是否相信
4、，这是真的。论你是否相信，这是真的。_，its true.2They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on peoples movements.信息提取信息提取it作作形式宾语。形式宾语。例句仿写例句仿写我我们应让早起成为一个习惯。们应让早起成为一个习惯。We should _ to get up early.3The hutongs not only link Beijings streets and commu
5、nities after all，but also its past and present，showing that Beijing is truly an ancient yet modern city.信息提取信息提取showing短短语为伴随状语。语为伴随状语。例句仿写例句仿写不不要站在那里，什么也不干。要站在那里，什么也不干。Dont stand there，_.4Whats even more unbelievable is the fact that some murderers are let out of prison after three or four years.信息
6、提取信息提取what引引导名词性从句。导名词性从句。例句仿写例句仿写你你所做的让你父母很生气。所做的让你父母很生气。_ makes your parents angry.答案答案1.Whether you believe it or not2.make it a rule3.doing nothing4.What you have done.预读理解预读理解1FastreadingRead“A changing world”and fill in the blanks.(1)Wealthy and important people lived in hutongs built close to
7、_.(2)Most of Beijings hutongs were built during the_，_，_Dynasties.(3)The oldest hutong in Beijing is_years old.(4)After the Peoples Republic of China was set up，conditions in Beijings hutongs_.答案答案(1)the Forbidden City(2)Yuan；Ming；Qing(3)900(4)improved2CarefulreadingRead the text and fill in the bla
8、nks.Beijings HutongsA：What is a hutong？In the past，hutongs are many little(1)that connect the rectangular courtyards of traditional houses.Nowadays，it also(2)the courtyards themselves and even to the communities that live there.B：When and why hutongs were built.To help the Emperors keep(3)over the c
9、ity.To place(4)at the entrances of the various hutongs and keep an eye on peoples movements.C：Connecting livesBy(5)peoples homes，the hutongs in fact connected peoples lives.They supported each other when help was needed and(6)the joy and sadness of everyday life.D：Bad times for hutongsTowards the en
10、d of the(7)，many new hutongs were poorly made.When the Peoples Republic of China was set up，the government (8)the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.E：Beijings hutongs todayHutongs are still an important part of Beijing and they not only(9)Beijings streets and communities but also its past a
11、nd(10).答案答案(1)alleys(2)refers to(3)control(4)guards(5)connecting(6)shared(7)Qing Dynasty(8)undertook(9)link(10)present1undertake vt.着手做，从事，进行；担任，承担，许诺着手做，从事，进行；担任，承担，许诺undertake sth 承承担某事担某事undertake to do sth 许诺做某事，同意做某事许诺做某事，同意做某事undertake that.保证保证undertake for.为为负责负责课堂互动探究【完成句子完成句子】He_(保证保证)pay
12、the money back within six months.答案答案undertook to【单项填空单项填空】The boss_to pay_the rest of my salary the next month.Aundertook；forBadmitted；offCundertook；off Dadmitted；for解析解析undertake to do sth 答应答应/承诺干某事；承诺干某事；admitn./doing 承承认认；pay off 偿清，还清；偿清，还清；pay for 付钱付钱(买买)。由句意知。由句意知C正确。正确。答案答案CThe thirtystore
13、y building is one of the most challenging engineering projects they have ever_.Aundergone BovertakenCunderstood Dundertaken解析解析句意：这座三十层高的建筑是他们承接的最有挑战性的工句意：这座三十层高的建筑是他们承接的最有挑战性的工程项目之一。程项目之一。undergo经历；经历；overtake追上，赶上；追上，赶上；understand理理解；解；undertake承担，从事。承担，从事。答案答案D2cast v投，抛；投射投，抛；投射cast为为及物或不及物动词，过去
14、式和过去分词形式和原形相同。及物或不及物动词，过去式和过去分词形式和原形相同。The boy cast a stone into the water.那个男孩把一块石头扔进了水中。那个男孩把一块石头扔进了水中。The high bell tower cast a long shadow on the grass.那个高高的钟楼在草地上投下长长的影子。那个高高的钟楼在草地上投下长长的影子。【比较网站比较网站】cast，throwcast和和throw这两个动词均有这两个动词均有“抛，投，掷抛，投，掷”之意。之意。throw为普通用为普通用词，使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩；词，
15、使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩；cast常 可 与常 可 与 t h r o w 互 换，指 迅 速 扔 出 一 个 较 轻 的 物 体。互 换，指 迅 速 扔 出 一 个 较 轻 的 物 体。c a s t about(around)for设法寻找；设法寻找；cast light on使使理解；使真相大白；理解；使真相大白；cast down使使沮丧。沮丧。【单项填空单项填空】If you are always_by such kind of failures，you will never succeed.Aturned round Bcast downCmade down
16、 Dput down答案答案B3squeeze vt.挤挤The children squeezed together to make room for me to sit down.孩子们挤在一起以便腾出空来让我坐下。孩子们挤在一起以便腾出空来让我坐下。squeeze in/into挤进去挤进去squeeze out榨取榨取squeeze ones way推开别人，挤过推开别人，挤过squeeze through挤过，勉强通过挤过，勉强通过squeeze up(使使)挤紧；挤紧；(使使)挤拢挤拢Can you squeeze another person into your car？您的汽车
17、还能再挤进一个人吗？您的汽车还能再挤进一个人吗？The dog squeezed through the small hole in the wall.那条狗挤过了小小的墙洞。那条狗挤过了小小的墙洞。There were already ten people in the lift，but he managed to squeeze in.电梯里已经有十个人了，但他还是挤进去了。电梯里已经有十个人了，但他还是挤进去了。See if you can squeeze more information out of them.试试你能不能从他们身上得到更多的信息。试试你能不能从他们身上得到更多的信息
18、。Therell be enough room if we all squeeze up a bit.咱们大家挤一挤就够地方了。咱们大家挤一挤就够地方了。【单项填空单项填空】He _ some toothpaste out of the tube.Asqueezed BputClift Dbrought答案答案A1keep an eye on 监视，照顾监视，照顾keep an eye open/out for sb/sth 留留心或注意某人心或注意某人/某物某物keep ones eyes open 密切注视密切注视keep watch 留意，守望留意，守望【单项填空单项填空】Could y
19、ou please_ my suitcase for a moment？With pleasure.Akeep an eye open for Bkeep your ears openCkeep eyes on Dkeep an eye on解析解析句意：句意：你能帮我照看一下我的行李吗？你能帮我照看一下我的行李吗？乐于效劳。乐于效劳。keep an eye open/out for sb/sth 留心或注意某人留心或注意某人/某物；某物；keep your ears open 留意听；留意听；keep eyes on 没有这样的搭配；没有这样的搭配；keep an eye on 监视，照顾。
20、监视，照顾。答案答案D2date back追溯到追溯到The custom dates back hundreds of years.这这风俗可追溯到数百年前。风俗可追溯到数百年前。The old school dates back to/dates from 50 years ago.这座古老的学校始于这座古老的学校始于50年前。年前。【温馨提示温馨提示】date back追溯到，相当于追溯到，相当于date from，两者均无被动语态，且，两者均无被动语态，且常用于一般现在时。常用于一般现在时。【单项填空单项填空】We are going to visit an old temple _
21、the 12th century.Awhich is dated back to Bdated fromCdating back to Dthat dated from答案答案C1(课文重现课文重现)By connecting peoples lives，the hutongs in fact connected peoples lives，whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the ordinary citizens.胡同使家家户户相通，实际上不管胡同使家家户户相通，实际上不管是富人还是普通市民，他们的生活都被胡同联系起来了。是富人还是
22、普通市民，他们的生活都被胡同联系起来了。【句式分析句式分析】whether.or.不不管管还是还是【拓展拓展】(1)当只有两种相对的选择时，要使用当只有两种相对的选择时，要使用whether.or(not)。Whether I do the dishes or you do them，they still need to be cleaned.不管是你还是我，总得有人洗碗。不管是你还是我，总得有人洗碗。(2)当选择不受限制时，才使用当选择不受限制时，才使用no matterwho/what/which/when/where/how等等。等等。No matter who does the dis
23、hes，they still need to be cleaned.不管不管是谁，总得有人洗碗。是谁，总得有人洗碗。(3)例外：例外：It doesnt matter whether.属于加强语气的用法，是一属于加强语气的用法，是一独立句子。独立句子。It doesnt matter whether you like it or not.你喜不喜欢都不要紧。你喜不喜欢都不要紧。(4)No matter you like it or not，Ill still do it anyway.一句一句no matter使用语境错误，应改为：使用语境错误，应改为：Whether you like it
24、or not，Ill still do it anyway.【完成句子完成句子】_(不不论我们帮助他与否论我们帮助他与否)，he will fail.答案答案Whether we help him or not_(无论你是否相信无论你是否相信)，its true.答案答案Whether you believe it or notSo，baby._happy_frustrated(无论开心或失意无论开心或失意)，remember I love you！答案答案Whether；or【感悟高考感悟高考】It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card
25、 in this store.(2012山东山东)Ahow Bwhether Cwhat Dwhy解析解析考查主语从句的连接词。此处考查主语从句的连接词。此处it是形式主语，后面是形式主语，后面whether.or.引导的主语从句是真正的主语，引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether.or.意为：意为：是是还是还是都行。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都行。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。都可以。答案答案B2(课文重现课文重现)The hutongs not only link Beijings streets and communities after all，but al
26、so its past and present，showing that Beijing is truly an ancient yet modern city.胡同不仅连接胡同不仅连接了北京的街道和社区，而且连接了它的过去和现在，表明了了北京的街道和社区，而且连接了它的过去和现在，表明了北京确实是一个既古老又现代的城市。北京确实是一个既古老又现代的城市。【句式分析句式分析】not only.but also.“不不但但而且而且”，在句中连接两个，在句中连接两个“谓语宾语谓语宾语”部分，部分，but also后省略了后省略了link，避免重复。，避免重复。showing短语为伴随状语。短语为伴
27、随状语。【拓展拓展】(1)not only.but also.不但不但而且而且，应连接两个对称的并，应连接两个对称的并列成分。列成分。(2)not only.but also连接两个分句，并且连接两个分句，并且not only位于句首时，第位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。(3)not only.but also不能用在否定句中。不能用在否定句中。(4)not only.but also连接两个并列成分时，可以省略连接两个并列成分时，可以省略also。句尾。句尾可加可加 as well。(5)not only.but also连接两个主语时，谓语
28、动词要与其最近的主连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。语保持人称和数的一致。Not only does Yang Lan speak correctly，but also she speaks fluently.杨杨澜不仅英语说得正确，而且很流利。澜不仅英语说得正确，而且很流利。Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan./Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.不仅同学们，而且老师也反对这个计划。
29、不仅同学们，而且老师也反对这个计划。【完成句子完成句子】不不只是你，只是你，她她也必须参加典礼。也必须参加典礼。Not only you but also she_.答案答案has to attend the ceremony他不但在学校里教书，而且还写小说。他不但在学校里教书，而且还写小说。Not only_，but(also)he wrote novels.答案答案did he teach at school【感悟高考感悟高考】John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it.(201
30、2江西江西)Aoffered BofferingCto offer Dto be offered解析解析考查非谓语动词。考查非谓语动词。offer的逻辑主语为空格前名词的逻辑主语为空格前名词letter，根，根据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴随，故选据句意，两者语态为主动关系，且表伴随，故选B。答案答案B3(课文重现课文重现)They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on peoples movements.他们
31、派卫兵把守着胡同的他们派卫兵把守着胡同的入口，这样做使他们容易监视人们的举动。入口，这样做使他们容易监视人们的举动。【句式分析句式分析】当当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其基本结构为语移至句末，其基本结构为“动词动词it宾语补足语不定式宾语补足语不定式(动名词或从句等动名词或从句等)”。I find it difficult to do the job well.我发现很难做好这个工作。我发现很难做好这个工作。
32、I think it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好在这里待着。我认为你最好在这里待着。We think it no use complaining.我们认为抱怨没用。我们认为抱怨没用。【拓展拓展】it作形式宾语常用于动词作形式宾语常用于动词consider，think，make，find，believe，feel，imagine，prove等之后。等之后。We consider it our duty to support good leaders.我们认为支持优秀领导者是我们的职责。我们认为支持优秀领导者是我们的职责。【单项填空单项填空】Nowa
33、days people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it_.Areusing BreusedCreuses Dto be reused答案答案D【感悟高考感悟高考】It is by no means clear _ the president can do to end the strike.(2012全国新课标全国新课标)Ahow B.which Cthat Dwhat解析解析考查主语从句的连接词。此处考查主语从句的连接词。此处it是形式主语，是形式主语，what引导的引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。是主语从句，作
34、真正的主语。What作作do的宾语。句意：总统采的宾语。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。答案答案D4(课文重现课文重现)What is even more unbelievable is the fact that some murderers are let out of prison after three or four years.更不可相信的事情是，一些杀人犯三四年之后就被释放了出更不可相信的事情是，一些杀人犯三四年之后就被释放了出来。来。【句式分析句式分析】What is even more unbelievable是是本句的主语
35、部分，称为主语本句的主语部分，称为主语从句，从句，what又是这个从句的主语。又是这个从句的主语。what引导主语从句时在句引导主语从句时在句中充当成分。如：中充当成分。如：What you have done makes all your teachers angry.你的所为让所有的老师都生气了。你的所为让所有的老师都生气了。What caused the accident was a broken bottle.事件的发生原于一个摔坏的瓶子。事件的发生原于一个摔坏的瓶子。【拓展拓展】what还可以引导其他名词性从句，如宾语从句、表语从句等。但还可以引导其他名词性从句，如宾语从句、表语从句
36、等。但是是what一般不引导状语从句、定语从句或同位语从句等。一般不引导状语从句、定语从句或同位语从句等。The Earth of today is not what it was millions of years ago.现在的地球与几百万年之前的地球不一样了。现在的地球与几百万年之前的地球不一样了。【单项填空单项填空】Taking pictures of snow is_Ken has spent much of the past years doing.Athat BwhichCwhat Dhow解析解析考查表语从句。考查表语从句。what在句中身兼二职；既作在句中身兼二职；既作do的
37、宾语又连的宾语又连接表语从句。句意：拍雪景就是接表语从句。句意：拍雪景就是Ken花费这几年大部分时间所做花费这几年大部分时间所做的的(事情事情)。答案答案C【感悟高考感悟高考】_ Barbara Jones offers to her fan is honesty and happiness.(2011北京北京)AWhich BWhatCThat DWhom解析解析what在此引导主语从句，在此引导主语从句，what又是从句的主语。又是从句的主语。答案答案B5(课文重现课文重现)The newest edition of my book on hutongs is now on sale.我的
38、关于胡同的最新版本的书现在正在销售。我的关于胡同的最新版本的书现在正在销售。【句式分析句式分析】句句中介词短语中介词短语on sale作表语，表示作表语，表示“正在出售正在出售”的状态。介词的状态。介词短语可以在句中作很多成分，但是有些表示状态或结果的介短语可以在句中作很多成分，但是有些表示状态或结果的介词短语常作表语。如：词短语常作表语。如：at school在上学；在上学；at work在工作中；在工作中；at table在进餐；在进餐；in bed躺着躺着(可能在睡，也可能没睡可能在睡，也可能没睡)；in hospital住院；住院；in trouble处于困境中；处于困境中；on du
39、ty在值日，在值班；在值日，在值班；on show在展览；在展览；in vain徒劳地。徒劳地。【拓展拓展】介词短语除了作表语以外，还可以作定语。介词短语作定语时须介词短语除了作表语以外，还可以作定语。介词短语作定语时须放在被修饰词的后面。介词短语也可充当状语，用于修饰动词或放在被修饰词的后面。介词短语也可充当状语，用于修饰动词或整个句子，常放在句末，也可置于句首。介词短语还可作宾语补整个句子，常放在句末，也可置于句首。介词短语还可作宾语补足语。足语。如：如：The book on the desk is mine.桌子上面的书是我的。桌子上面的书是我的。We go to school at
40、seven oclock in the morning.我们早上我们早上7点钟去学校。点钟去学校。They must keep their hands behind their back.他们必须把手放在背面。他们必须把手放在背面。注意：注意：介词短语与短语介词的区别：短语介词是介词的一种类别，介词短语与短语介词的区别：短语介词是介词的一种类别，相当于一个介词的词组，它不能单独作句子成分。如：相当于一个介词的词组，它不能单独作句子成分。如：in front of，at the back of，next to等；介词短语是由等；介词短语是由“介词宾语介词宾语”或或“短语介短语介词宾语词宾语”构成
41、的，它可以独自充当句子成分。如：构成的，它可以独自充当句子成分。如：in the bag，near the door，in front of the house等。等。【单项填空单项填空】Four Chinese models were_the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.Aamong BbetweenCalong Dbeside答案答案A【感悟高考感悟高考】Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders？(2012北京北京)Aat Bon Cto Dacross解析解析考查介词。句意：你觉得这条裙子是不是肩的位置太紧考查介词。句意：你觉得这条裙子是不是肩的位置太紧了？本题容易被思维定势带跑，看到了？本题容易被思维定势带跑，看到too就像选择就像选择to。实际不难，。实际不难，北京卷介词题考查介词本身含义，北京卷介词题考查介词本身含义，across表示表示“横穿、跨过横穿、跨过”，想想裙子是如何穿的就能轻松解题。平时也一定要注意语法基想想裙子是如何穿的就能轻松解题。平时也一定要注意语法基础，介词、情态动词大多考查基础内容。础，介词、情态动词大多考查基础内容。答案答案D
