1、How life began on the earth1.Read the passage carefully and analyse its structure.Write down the main idea for each paragraphMain body The first part:Paragraph 1:A widely accepted theory about the foramation of the universeThe second part:Paragraph 2:The formation of the earth Paragraph 3:the import
2、ance of water for life Paragraph 4:The development of plants and animals on the earthThe third part:Paragraph 5:The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth 1.How were stars and other bodies created?A.Atoms combined to create themB.Clouds of dust combined to create themC.Water combined to cre
3、ate themD.Gases combined to create them2.Which is the most important for life appearing on the earth?A.Fire B.RockC.Water D.Clouds 3.It can be known from the passage that _ A.Plants and animals appeared on the earth at the same time B.Plants appeared later on the earth than animals C.Early shellfish
4、 apprared rarlier than plants D.Animals appeared later on the earth than plantsD4.How many years did dinosaurs exiast on the earth?A.More than 140 billion years B.More than 140 million years C.More than 140 thousand years D.More than 140 years5.Why can the earth become too hot to live on?A.Small cle
5、ver animals produce more heat B.Small clever animals produce too much carbon dioxide C.Small clever animals dont want heat to escape from the earth D.Small clever animals like to live on a hot planet acdbbExercise 3.Think about what you have read and discuss these questions in pairs 1.Why was the ea
6、rth diffeent from the other planets?Because the water remained on the earth 2.Why did the plants grow beforte the animals came?Because plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe 3.Why is it wrong to show films with dinosaurs and people together?Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings d
7、eveloped on the earth 65 million years ago the age of dinosaurs ended 4.There used to be nine planets in the solar system.Recently scientists have decided that one fo them can no longer be considered a planert.Do you know the name of that planet?Do youknow why they removed it?Pluto The name is Pluto
8、(冥王星).Scientists now think its too small to be called a planetBackground Information 天文学家先后发现冥王星与太阳系其他行星的一些不同之处。冥王星所处的轨道在海王星之外，属于太阳系外围的柯伊伯带，这个区域一直是太阳系小行星和彗星诞生的地方。20世纪90年代以来，天文学家发现柯伊伯带有更多围绕太阳运行的大天体。比如，美国天文学家布朗发现的“2003UB313”，就是一个直径和质量都超过冥王星的天体。大会通过的决议规定，“行星”指的是围绕太阳运转自身引力足以克服其刚体力而使天体呈圆球状、能够清除其轨道附近其他物体的
9、天体。在太阳系传统的“九大行星”中，只有水星、金星、地球、火星、木星、土星、天王星和海王星符合这些要求。冥王星由于其轨道与海王星的轨道相交，不符合新的行星定义，因此被自动降级为“矮行星”。5.What problem is caused by human beings?Human beings cused global warming 温室效应主要是由于现代化工业社会过多燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气，这些燃料燃烧后放出大量的二氧化碳气体进入大气造成的。二氧化碳气体具有吸热和隔热的功能。它在大气中增多的结果是形成一种无形的玻璃罩，使太阳辐射到地球上的热量无法向外层空间发散，其结果是地球表面变热起来。因
10、此，二氧化碳也被称为温室气体。为减少大气中过多的二氧化碳，一方面需要人们尽量节约用电（因为发电烧煤，少开汽车。另一方面保护好森林和海洋，比如不乱砍滥伐森林，不让海洋受到污染以保护浮游生物的生存。我们还可以通过植树造林，减少使用一次性方便木筷，节约纸张（造纸用木材，不践踏草坪等等行动来保护绿色植物，使它们多吸收二氧化碳来帮助减缓温室效应。Widely-抽象形容词 翻译为 广泛的 Wide-具体形容词 翻译为宽的 Eg.Its a wide desk.Accepted-过去分词 作定语 修饰 theory 相当于一个定语从句 According to a widely theory(which w
11、as)accepted Theory(n):学说，理论 Theoretical(adj);throretically(adv)Big Bang!Our universe goes through from small to big,from close to thin,and from hot to cold.During this period,the whole system expands(膨胀，发展)and the temperature descends(下降)。At last,many kinds of gas and dust,from which new stars are f
12、ormed.The dense nucleus is the okdest part and has no gas left for new star.Our solar system is made up of the sun and the object s that orbit it.These include the eightplanetsand their moons,as well as asteiods Comets and meteorsCombine 1.Combine with sth 因某物结合成一体 2.Combine A with B 将A 同B 组合 3.Comb
13、ine A and B 使 A与 B合成一体 In time 及时；终于，迟早 Will you be home in time to watch the interesting TV program?你会及时赶到家看那个有趣的电视节目吗？I believe you will succeed in time 我相信你迟早会成功的。On time 准时，按时 Becase of the heavy rain,he didnt arrive there on time 因为下大雨，他未能按时到那。At a time:一次 At the same time:同时 At one time:曾经，一度；
14、同时 All the time:一直，总是 Once upon a time:从前 Kill time:消磨时间 Allow 1.Allow sb to do sth:允许某人做某事 My boss doesnt allow me to use the telephone 2.Allow doing sth:允许做某事 We dont allow smoking in our house 3.Allow sb sth:允许某人某事 Their teacher allowed them 3 days for the assignment A cloud of dust a solid ball
15、presence of water small plants grow on the water shellfish(贝类动物)or other fish appear plants begin to grow on dry land insects and amphibians(两栖动物)appear (爬行动物)appear dinosaus appear Mammals(哺乳动物)appear 动词原形词义 过去式过去分词现在分词lie说谎 liedliedlyinglie躺；位于laylainlyinglay放置；产卵laidlaidlayingTurn 1.In ones turn:
16、轮到某人 2.It s ones turn to do sth：轮到某人 It s my turn to clean the blackboard 3.In turn:依次 They called out their names in turn 4.By turns:轮流 We did the work by turns 阻止某人干某事的几种用法：1.Prevent sb/sth(from)doing sth 2.stop sb/sth(from)doing sth 3.keep sb/sth from doing sth 第三个句型from 不能省略？Escape(1).From sp:从逃
17、离 Gas is escaping from the pipe (2).Doing sth:逃避做某事 We were lucky to escape being punished As a result:结果 As a result，there is often trouble in American families As a result of:因为，由于 She was late as a result of the snow.本课出现的名词性从句 1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billi
18、on years ago when dust settled into a solid globe.2.It was not clear whether the shape would last or not.3.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down,water began to appear on its surface.4.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dis
19、solve harmfuo gases and acids into the oceans and seas5.Why the suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.6.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved定语从句 1.The universe began with a“Big Bang”that threw matter in all
20、directions 2.They were in time to produce crbon,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to make the earths atmosphere.3.This produced a chain reaction,which made it possibke for life to develop 4.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen,which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.5.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which prevents heats from escaping from the earth into space
