1、Unit 2 Working the LandGrammar V-ing as object 动名词做宾语动名词做宾语如果一个动词加上如果一个动词加上ing变成了名词，那么这个变成了名词，那么这个词称为动名词。它兼有动词和名词的特征词称为动名词。它兼有动词和名词的特征。（如如 do-,read-,ask-,etc）否定形式否定形式:构成构成 doing asking Not+V-ing动名词具有动名词具有名词名词的性质，因此在句的性质，因此在句中中可以可以reading 作主语、宾语、表语、定语等作主语、宾语、表语、定语等I enjoy listening to music.She cant
2、stand being looked down upon.The boy is good at dancing.We should protect our environment from being polluted.I find it no use persuading him to change his mind.The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.Lets observe the sentences and summarize the Lets observe the sentences an
3、d summarize the use of Gerung as objectuse of Gerung as objectLead in动名词做宾语welcome to use these PowerPoint templates,New Content design,10 years experience1.V-ing作动词的宾语作动词的宾语2.动词接动词接V-ing或或to do 做宾语的区别做宾语的区别3.V-ing做真正宾语，做真正宾语，it做形式宾语的句型做形式宾语的句型4.在介词后接动名词作宾语在介词后接动名词作宾语动名词作宾语有两种情况动名词作宾语有两种情况1.只能后接只能后接
4、-ing作宾语的动词作宾语的动词,常见的有常见的有avoid,consider,enjoy,keep,finish,suggest,dislike,delay,escape,cannot help,imagine,mind,miss,practise,give up,risk,等。等。例如：例如：I cant avoid making mistakesPeople couldnt help laughing1）我不能避免犯错误。）我不能避免犯错误。2）人们情不自禁的笑了。）人们情不自禁的笑了。2.既可接既可接-ing和和to do作宾语的动词作宾语的动词,常见的有常见的有:begin,star
5、t,continue,like,love,hate,prefer,mean,forget，remember,regret 等。等。A.在在 like,love,hate,prefer等动词之后，等动词之后，用用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同或不定式意义上没有什么不同,只是侧重只是侧重点有些不同点有些不同,ing表示泛指的动作表示泛指的动作,to do表示具体的一次性动作。例如表示具体的一次性动作。例如我喜欢读书我喜欢读书I like reading.(经常性、习惯性的动作经常性、习惯性的动作)I like to read.（具体的一次动作）（具体的一次动作）B.有些动词加有些动词加ing和
6、和to do意思差别很大意思差别很大在动词在动词forget,remember,regret之后之后,用用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词与不定式意义不同。-ing 表示动作已经发生表示动作已经发生,-to do 表示动作还没发生表示动作还没发生我记得曾经写过信给他。我记得曾经写过信给他。I to him我会记住写信给他的。我会记住写信给他的。我不会忘记曾经帮过她我不会忘记曾经帮过她.我不会忘记要帮助她我不会忘记要帮助她.I will not herI will not her.remember writingremember to write forget helpingforget to h
7、elpIll to him.打算，意欲做.意味着.cant help to docant help doing不能帮着做.情不自禁做.mean to domean doingtry to dotry doing尽力去做.试着去做.stop to do stop doing停下来去做另一件事停止正在做的事情（不做某事）Make sentences1.我没打算那么做。我没打算那么做。2.在伦敦错过一趟车就意味着再等一小时。在伦敦错过一趟车就意味着再等一小时。3.我不能帮忙完成这项工作。我不能帮忙完成这项工作。4.他情不自禁哭了。他情不自禁哭了。5.他没有尽力做这件事他没有尽力做这件事.6.为什么你
8、不尝试骑自行车上学呢？为什么你不尝试骑自行车上学呢？7.他停下来读书。他停下来读书。8.他停止读书。他停止读书。I didnt mean to do that.I cant help to finish the work.Make sentences1.我没打算那么做。我没打算那么做。Missing a bus in London means waiting for another hour.2.在伦敦错过一趟车就意味着再等一小时。在伦敦错过一趟车就意味着再等一小时。3.我不能帮忙完成这项工作。我不能帮忙完成这项工作。He cant help crying.4.他情不自禁哭了。他情不自禁哭了。
9、He didnt try to do it.He stopped to read.5.他没有尽力做这件事他没有尽力做这件事.why dont you try riding a bike to go to school?6.为什么你不尝试骑自行车上学呢？为什么你不尝试骑自行车上学呢？7.他停下来读书。他停下来读书。He stopped reading8.他停止读书。他停止读书。c.注意：在注意：在need,require,want之后动名之后动名词用主动式表示被动，不定式要用被词用主动式表示被动，不定式要用被动式。如：动式。如：Your watch needs_.=Your watch need
10、s_.你的表需要修理。你的表需要修理。The sick baby requires _.=The sick baby requires _.to be looked after.repairing.to be repairedlooking after.生病的孩子需要照顾生病的孩子需要照顾3.V-ing3.V-ing做真正宾语，做真正宾语，itit做形式宾语的句型做形式宾语的句型 主语+it +doing thinkconsiderfindfeel likeuselessno useno good.I think it useless arguing with him.I think it n
11、o good smoking.用用it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是做形式宾语，真正的宾语是V-ing短语，其短语，其结构如下：结构如下：我认为和他争论是无用的我认为和他争论是无用的我认为吸烟没有好处。我认为吸烟没有好处。4.在介词后接动名词作宾语在介词后接动名词作宾语 1)We talked about improving our ability 2)She was very interested in listening to this song.例如：例如：注：下列短语中的to都是介词,所以动词要接-ing形式:devote to,pay attention to,look forward t
12、o,be sensitive to,object to,respond to,等。Im fond of swimming.I spent half a year learning to swim.我喜欢游泳（be fond of）我用了半年时间学习游泳（spend doing）1.No one enjoys _ at.A.laughing B.to laugh C.being laughed D.to be laughed2.Lets have a rest Not now.I dont want to stop _ yet.A.study B.to study C.for studying
13、D.studying 3.Let me tell you something about the journalists Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday?A.told B.telling C.to tell D.to have told4.It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ _ my car.A.repairing B.repair C.to repair D.repaired5.Mr.Smith made up his mind to devote all his life to
14、_some schools for poor children Aset up Bsetting up Chave set up Dhaving set up6.The classroom wants _.A.clean B.cleaned C.to clean D.cleaning7.We consider _ no use _ with him.A.that;argue B.it;arguing C.that;arguing D.it;argue8.Your clothes need _.A.washed B.to be washed C.to wash D.being washed9.W
15、e are both looking forward to _ next week.A.going on vocation B.go on vocation C.be going on vocation D.have gone on vocation1.If you can keep _(read)English newspapers,your English will be improved.2.Excuse me for _ (come)late.3.I hate _(tell)lies!4.I will never forgive you for _(cheat)me several t
16、imes 5.I forgot _(tell)her the news;so she knew nothing about it.Complete these sentences:readingcomingtelling/to tellcheatingto tell6)I suggest his (go)to Australia.7)The old building needs (rebuild).8)Before (finish)your homework,youd better not go out.9)I am engaged in (prepare)for the examination 10)I regret (not take)his advice.11）I think it useless (cry)over what you have lost.goingrebuilding/to be rebuiltfinishingpreparingnot takingcryingHomework1.to review what we have learned today2.to do some exercise about the usage of v-ing as object
