1、什么是什么是？动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_或或_ 后面后面.1.We study English.2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.及物动词及物动词介词介词vI you must see the doctor.宾语还可以放在宾语还可以放在心理形容词心理形容词的后面的后面 We know him We know he likes English.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o当当一个句子一个句子来来充当宾语充当
2、宾语的时候，这个句子就叫的时候，这个句子就叫宾语从句宾语从句主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句，宾语简单句，宾语复合句，宾语从句复合句，宾语从句 什么 是宾语从句？试比较宾语从句结构：主语宾语从句结构：主语 +谓语谓语+引导词（连词）引导词（连词）+句子（陈述句）句子（陈述句）I am so glad that Cai will come to my city.I believe that Cai dances very well.动词之后I am interested in what Cai said.介词之后心理性形容词之后宾语从句的位置宾语从句：位于动词、介词、形容词后，宾语是个句子。
3、I think it important that Cai should get more sleep.find,feel,think,consider,make,believe 等动词后经常用 it 做形式宾语，并将 that 宾语从句后置。引导词引导词语序语序时态时态宾语从句三大考点 1.that 引导陈述句，仅起连词作用，不作任何成分。2.if/whether 引导一般疑问句，起连词作用，不作成分，表疑问。3.特殊疑问词who;whom;what;which;whose等，起连词作用，都有其含义，在从句中充当成分。(1)连接代词(2)连接副词 where;when;why;how;等，起
4、连词作用，各有其含义，在从句中做状语。引导词 that 作引导词，它所引导的宾语从句是由陈述句转换过来的，表示陈述一件事。that 在句中无意义，可不翻译。在口语或非正式文体中可省略。1.He said,“life is better than before”.2.He says,“Tom is a good student”.He said that life was better than before.He says that Tom is a good student.注意注意当当that 引导的引导的从句主语从句主语为为that时，引导词时，引导词that不不能省略能省略主句和从句之
5、间有插入语时，引导词主句和从句之间有插入语时，引导词that不能省不能省略略4.不能省略不能省略that的情况的情况 在在that引导的宾语从句中，连接词引导的宾语从句中，连接词that只起引导作用，无具体意义，不在从只起引导作用，无具体意义，不在从句中充当任何成分，因此在口语或者非正式的文体中常可省略。但是在下列句中充当任何成分，因此在口语或者非正式的文体中常可省略。但是在下列情况中不能省略：情况中不能省略：（1）句中出现）句中出现两个或两个以上两个或两个以上的由的由that引导的宾语从句时。引导的宾语从句时。由并列连词连接的两个或多个由并列连词连接的两个或多个that引导的宾语从句，引导的
6、宾语从句，只有第一个从句中只有第一个从句中 的的that可以可以省去省去，其余并列宾语从句中的其余并列宾语从句中的that都要都要保留保留。e.g.He said(that)he had finished reading the novel and that he would borrow another one.他说他已经读完了这本小说，想再借一本。e.g.He said(that)the film was excellent and that he wanted to see it once again。他说这部电影很好，他想再看一次。（2）that从句中又有从句中又有其他从句其他从句时。
7、时。e.g.I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.我担心如果你弄丢了它，你必须赔偿我担心如果你弄丢了它，你必须赔偿。e.g.He told us that,if we could all come to help out,the whole situation would be getting better.他告诉我说，如果我们全部能够来帮忙，整个局势将会好转他告诉我说，如果我们全部能够来帮忙，整个局势将会好转。（3）it作形式宾语作形式宾语代替代替that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句时，不能省略时，不能省略that。e.g
8、.We took it for granted that they would help us.我们我们想当然地以为他们会帮助我们。想当然地以为他们会帮助我们。e.g.We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.我们已经表明，我们将学会处理各种难题。我们已经表明，我们将学会处理各种难题。（4）当宾语）当宾语从句的主语从句的主语是是this,that或者被或者被this,that修饰修饰时。时。e.g.He said that this book was very useful.
9、他说这本书非常有用。他说这本书非常有用。e.g.The teacher said that that word was wrong.老师说那个单词错了。老师说那个单词错了。在现代英语中，特别是非正式语体中，在不引起误会的情况下都可以省在现代英语中，特别是非正式语体中，在不引起误会的情况下都可以省略略that。（5）当宾语从句是）当宾语从句是双宾语双宾语中的中的直接宾语直接宾语时。时。e.g.He told me that he would put some signs on the envelope.他告诉我说，他会在信封上做标记。他告诉我说，他会在信封上做标记。e.g.I want to t
10、ell you that this problem is very common.我想告诉你，这个问题非常普遍。我想告诉你，这个问题非常普遍。引导词 whether、ifwhetherif 作引导词，它所引导的宾语从句是由一般疑问句转换过来的，一般疑问句变成宾语从句之后，语序由一般疑问句变成陈述句陈述句，句末标点由主句决定。whether，if不能省略。1.She asked,“Do they often come here early?”2.“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?”he asked.She asked if/whether they of
11、ten came here early.He asked if/whether they would go to visit the Great Wall.if if 与与whether whether 的区别的区别1.I dont know _ he will come or not.2.I dont care of _ he is handsome.3.He wondered _ to stay here the next week.4._ he will come is not decided.与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whether介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与
12、to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherExercise _ hell come isnt important.A.Why B.If C.Whether D.What Would you like to know _ they will do it or not.A.if B.that C.whether D.why I dont know _ he still lives here.A.where B.what C.when D.whether 由连接代词 who,whom,who
13、se,which,what和连接副词 where,how,why,when作引导词的宾语从句是特殊疑问句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份，不能省略。e.g.1)Could you tell me?why is the train late?(合并为一句话）Could you tell me why the train is late?（为什么，作从句的状语）（为什么，作从句的状语）2)He asked.who could answer the question?(合并为一句话）He asked who could answer the question.（谁，作从句的主语）（谁，作从句的主语）
14、3)Do you know？whose book is it?(合并为一句话）Do you know whose book it is?（谁的，作从句定语）（谁的，作从句定语）4)Can you tell me?How will you deal with the problem?(合并为一句话）Can you tell me how you will deal with the problem5)Can you tell me?Where are they?(合并为一句话）Can you tell me where they are.6)Can you tell me?Why are his
15、 hot dogs so popular?(合并为一句话）Can you tell me why his hot dogs are so popular 7)I ask Tom.Which Chinese dish is his favorite?(合并为一句话）I ask Tom which Chinese dish is his favorite （作从句的主语）（作从句的主语）1.I know.He is a student.I know(that)he is a student.2.I want to know.Is he happy?I want to know if/whether
16、 he is happy.3 Can you tell me?Where does he live?陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句Can you tell me where he lives?引导词意思用法是否可以省略that无意思接完整的陈述句一般可以省if/whether有意思是否不可以省特殊疑问词有意思缺啥补啥不可以省Exercise1.I think _ you will like him.A.that B.if C.why D.how2.I didnt know _ he will come or not.A.that B.whether C.weather D.how3.The wea
17、ther forecast doesnt say _.A.if it rains tomorrow B.if does it rain tomorrow C.if it will rain tomorrow D.if will it rain tomorrow引导词引导词语序语序时态时态宾语从句三大考点 1.陈述句陈述句基本不变基本不变He said,“Lucy is younger than Tom”.He said(that)Lucy was younger than Tom.He says(that)Tom is a good student.He says,“Tom is a good
18、 student.”问句问句还原为还原为陈述语序陈述语序be动词、情态动词及助动词放到从句主语之动词、情态动词及助动词放到从句主语之后后;助动词助动词do/does/did 应删去应删去,谓语动词根据谓语动词根据实际情况而变。实际情况而变。1.Who is Jim waiting for?I know 2.Can Lily carry the basket?I know 3.Where did Anna go yesterday?I knowJim is waiting for.Lily can carry the basket.Anna went the day before.whowhet
19、her/ifwhereCan you tell me howIcan make more money?Cai thinkseverything is possible.总结：无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序。宾语从句结构：主语宾语从句结构：主语 +谓语谓语+引导词（连词）引导词（连词）+句子（陈述句）句子（陈述句）Exercise引导词引导词语序语序时态时态宾语从句三大考点主现从实A主过从过B真理永现C 当主句是当主句是_时，宾语从句的时态时，宾语从句的时态_，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。宾语从句三大考点之宾语从句三大考
20、点之-时态时态I hear(that)Jim (be)a worker two years ago.Jim (be)an English teacher now.Jim (cook)dinner tomorrow.Jim (sing)a popular song now.Jim (play)basketball when his father came back.Jim (be)to the Great Wall twice.wasiswill cookis singingwas playinghas been一般现在一般现在不作限制不作限制could/would是是委婉语气委婉语气，而不是过
21、去式，因此宾语从句的时态，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况根据实际情况用不同时态。用不同时态。1)Could you tell us which gate we _(have)to go to?2)Would you like to know_ (什么时候他会回来）什么时候他会回来）havewhen he will come back?特别注意：特别注意：1)He will go to Hong Kong.2)He is sick.3)He is reading a book.4)He has finished his work.1)He to Hong Kong.2)He sic
22、k.3)He a book.4)HeHe saidwould go waswas reading his work.had finished 当主句是当主句是一般过去时一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的相应的过去的某一种时态过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）（呼应性原则）确定从句的时态确定从句的时态(根据主句时态根据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去
23、时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.真理永现真理永现当从句是客观真理，自然现象，谚语，名言警句时用一般现在时。We all know that the sun rises from the east.step1step2step3看语序看时态看语境陈述句语序主现从实;主过从过;真理永现看上下文的意思宾语从句解题步骤宾语从句三大考点宾语从句三大考点引导词引导词t
24、hat（陈述句）（陈述句）ifwhether（一般疑问句（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句（特殊疑问句)时态时态主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时从句从句一般过去时一般过去时过去将来时过去将来时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时语序语序宾语从句的语序都为宾语从句的语序都为陈述句陈述句语序语序客观真理客观真理 自然现象自然现象公式定理公式定理 名言警句名言警句 时态不变时态不变 1.I dont know what I shall do next.(变为简单句）变为简单句）I dont know next.2.Can
25、 you tell me how to get to the bus stop?(变为复合句）变为复合句）Can you tell me the bus stop?what to dohow I can get to 结论结论：由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可以转化为：由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可以转化为,疑问词疑问词 +to doto do 的简单句。的简单句。2.否定否定前移前移在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的主语为当主句的主语为第一人称第一人称，谓语动词是think，believe,guess,suppose等时，要将从句的否定词从句的否定词转移到转移到主句主句中，根据主句来判断，即主
26、主句的句的谓语动词用否定式用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。eg:I dont think he will come with you.注意：这种句子在其后接附加问句时，则根据从句判断则根据从句判断,但肯、否定形式根据主句判断：但肯、否定形式根据主句判断：eg:I dont believe he has finished the work,_?He knew why Jim wasnt at school,_?has hedidnt he I dont think he is right.I dont think he is right,_?is heI think he is right
27、.Exercise3.当用当用if 会出现歧义的时候，只能用会出现歧义的时候，只能用whether.e.g.Please tell me if you need my help.如果如果你需要帮助，请告诉我。你需要帮助，请告诉我。Please tell me whether you need my help.请你告诉我你请你告诉我你是否是否需要帮助需要帮助 4.当当who为宾语从句的为宾语从句的主语时主语时，句式为：，句式为：who+谓语谓语+其他。其他。e.g.Do you know who has won Battlefield 3 game?I dont know if it will
28、rain tomorrow.If it rains,Ill stay at home.I want to know when he will come back.When he comes back,please tell me.5.注意判断注意判断if 和和when when和和if 既可以引导既可以引导_，也可以引导也可以引导_。在宾语从句中，时态在宾语从句中，时态_在状语从句中，遵循在状语从句中，遵循_的原则的原则。宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句根据需要确定；根据需要确定；主将从现主将从现主祈从现主祈从现主情从现主情从现当当的时候；如果的时候；如果Exercise1.She told
29、me the sun _ in the east.A.rise B.rose C.rises D.had risen2.The doctor asked me how long _.A.was I ill B.have I been ill C.I have been ill D.I had been ill3.Please tell me _ last year.A.where does your sister work B.where did your sister work C.where your sister works D.where your sister worked 4.Ca
30、n you tell me _ you were born,Betty?A.who B.what C.when D.that 5.He asked me _ told me the accident.A.whom B.which C.who D.whose同义句转换同义句转换(1)He taught me how to surf.He taught me how _ _surf.(2)The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese well.The foreigners want to know _ _learn Chinese w
31、ell.(3)He cant decide which one to choose.He cant decide which one _ _choose.(4)He asked“Do you like living here?He asked _you _living here.I couldhow tohe could if liked(5)Could you tell me where I should show the tickets.Could you tell me _ _ _the tickets.(6)I wondered whether I could go.I wondered _ _go.(7)I dont know what I should say at the meeting?I dont know _ _say at the meeting.(8)Can you tell me which dress we should buy.Can you tell me _ _ _buy.where to showwhether towhat towhich dress to
