1、人教版高中英语选修九 Unit 1 Breaking records Unit 2 Sailing the oceans Unit 3 Australia Unit 4 Exploring plants Unit 5 Inside advertisingUnit 2 Sailing the oceansReadingLook at the pictures on page 11.Then answer the passAstrolabe(星盘星盘)Sextant(六分仪六分仪)sea/nautical chart 1 How do you think seamen found their wa
2、y before modern accurate methods of navigation were invented?Kept close to the shore,used nature suchas the sun,wind,birds,tide,etc,to helpthem,and used some of the instrumentsincluding a compass,astrolabe,etc.2 Which do you think was easier to work out:latitude or longitude?Latitude,because it was
3、used to measure how far you had travelled fromland on a straight line.It was discovered a long time before longitude.3 Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they are used?1 _ 2 _ 3 _ 4 _ compass(in ancient China)astrolabesextantsea/nautical/marine chart4 W
4、hich ones do you think are still used today?Sea charts are still used today.a quadrant(四分仪四分仪)a special tool for telling the position of the ship in relation to the sun and various stars an astrolabemeasure how high stars were above the horizonearly navigational instrumentsan updated navigational in
5、strument to measure the angle between two fixed points outside the shipsextanta bearing circle方位圆方位圆the first instrument to measure the suns position and the suns shadow SAILING THE OCEANSNow read about what navigation was like before modern instruments were used.1 What is the use of a bearing circl
6、e,astrolabe,quadrant or sextant?()What is the use of a compass?()A to set the course of the ship B to measure the position of the ship C to measure the speed of the ship D to tell the timeBA1 Read the passage and answer the following questions.Speed and time are important in findingout the longitude
7、 of a ship because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour.If you know your direction,speed and time,you can work out the approximate longitude or change in your position in relation to the stars.2 Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship?The position of t
8、he sun and stars are useful for working out latitude because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known.So they can be used to measure a ships position.3 Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude?The sailors
9、would need to be excellent navigators,able to cope with both hot and cold weather,experienced in sailing through very bad weather and able to co-operate in a team.2 Suppose you were a sea captain aiming to sail round Africa.Discuss in groups:1 What skills would you seek in your sailors?I would antic
10、ipate very hot weather(around the equator),cold weather(around the Cape of Good Hope),very stormy seas(around the Cape),and problems with food and water(unless helped by local natives the water may be contaminated and the food scarce),etc.2 What problems would you anticipate for this journey?SAILING
11、 THE OCEANSUsing nature tokeep alongsidecoastline Part1Using navigationalinstruments to helpPart 2Using celestial bodiesUsing the wildlifeFinding longitudeUsing the seaFinding latitudeUsing the weather3 What would you do if you came across the following problems during your voyage?Read the chart bel
12、ow and fill in your plans of action to deal with them.What would you do if:Plan of action You were far from land and a storm arose.wait till the storm is over,and then find your new position and return to your original course You knew your latitude but didnt know your longitude.You were blown off-co
13、urse.use knots to find your speed and work out your approximate longitude use the compass and the astrolabe,quadrant or sextant to find out your position,return to your former course You were offshore but you needed more food and water.You wanted to keep a straight course.follow nesting birds to sho
14、re;look for special cloud formations or fog over streams to find land use a compass You were lost with no land in sight.measure your position using the sun or stars;look for sea birds,cloud formations,fog or seaweed to show that land is nearby 1 To find the ships position at sea a sailor used the No
15、rth Star and the sun.4 Read the passage again and use the information to analyse the navigational skills.Write the answers in your own words.Using nature 2 A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _ _.3 Sailors used _ _ to increase their speed.fresh seaweed,nesting birds returninghome in the eve
16、ning or fogsea currents or tides andwinds Using instruments 4 There were two methods to find longitude:1 _ 2 _ _.measuring time and speedcompass and complicated mathematical tables 5 Write down the working principles of the following instruments:Beating circle:_ _.Astrolabe:_ _.to compare the height
17、 of the sun now with the position of the sun at middayto compare the position of the ship in relation to some stars or the sun Quadrant:_.a more precise form of the astrolabe,to measure how high stars are above the horizon,and compare that measurement with previous measurements(using the ship as one
18、 of the fixed points to find its position)Sextant:_.an updated version of the quadrant and so it was more accurate,to measure the angle between two fixed points outside the ship(using two mirrors to find the ships position)5 Imagine you are on a boat with twenty-nine other people.You have a small bo
19、x for your personal things but it can only hold ten items.What would you need for a weeks journey across the North Sea to England?CategoryItemsCategoryItemsClothesShoesHygieneToolsBeddingMedicinesGamesBooksshirt,trousers waterproof bootssoapscissors,knifeblanketsea-sick tablets,cold medicine cards,c
20、hessnovels,essay collections 1.at the mercy of 听任听任摆布，在摆布，在面面前无能为力前无能为力They were lost at sea at the mercy of wind and weather.have/show mercy on sb.宽恕或怜悯某人；宽恕或怜悯某人；without mercy 毫不容情地毫不容情地Avoid(making)any reference to hisillness.千万别提起他的病。千万别提起他的病。2.reference n.提到提到;说到说到;涉及涉及 附注附注;旁注旁注 check your ref
21、erences 要核对引证的资料要核对引证的资料【知识拓展知识拓展】refer v.提到，说起，涉及；参考，提到，说起，涉及；参考，查询，常与查询，常与to 连用。连用。When I said some people are stupid I wasnt referring to you.当我说某个人很当我说某个人很愚蠢的时候，我没有提到你。愚蠢的时候，我没有提到你。If you dont know what this means,please refer to the dictionary.如果你不如果你不知道这是什么意思，请查看字典。知道这是什么意思，请查看字典。She simplifie
22、d the instructions so that the children could understand them.她简化了指令以便于儿童理解。她简化了指令以便于儿童理解。3 simplify v.简化简化;使单纯使单纯That will simplify my task.那可简化了我的工作。那可简化了我的工作。1.The data should be updated once a week.这些数据应该每星期更新一次。这些数据应该每星期更新一次。2.Maps need regular updates.地图需要经常修订。地图需要经常修订。3.I updated the committe
23、e on our progress.我向委员会报告了我们的进展情况。我向委员会报告了我们的进展情况。4 update v.更新更新;补充最新资料补充最新资料S subject 主语主语P predicate 谓语谓语O object 宾语宾语Att attribute 定语定语Adv adverbial 状语状语Com complement 补语补语Pre predicative 表语表语C clause 从句从句Short forms 缩略语缩略语Difficult sentences analysis1 The number of knots that were counted durin
24、g a fixed period of time gave the speed of the ship in nautical miles per hour一定时段得出的绳节数显示航船的海里一定时段得出的绳节数显示航船的海里时速。时速。S Att CPOAdv2.Later,when seamen began to use the compass in the 12th century they could calculate longitude using complicated mathematical tables后来到了十二世纪海员开始使用指南后来到了十二世纪海员开始使用指南针的时候，
25、他们就能够借助复杂的数针的时候，他们就能够借助复杂的数学表格计算出航行的经度了。学表格计算出航行的经度了。using complicated mathematical tables 是现在分词短语作状语，表示手段。是现在分词短语作状语，表示手段。3.The earliest，the astrolabe，was a special all-in-one tool for telling the position of the ship in relation to the sun and various stars which covered the whole sky最早的，那些古代的星盘，是
26、一种单一最早的，那些古代的星盘，是一种单一形式的工具，用来确定船舶与太阳和形式的工具，用来确定船舶与太阳和太空星辰的相对位置。太空星辰的相对位置。1.Review this passage.2.Preview Learning about language.Unit 1 Breaking recordsWarming up(the events)(the events)softballMountain bikeshootingswimmingfootballweightliftingvolleyballjudoarcherytable tennishandballtennisfencingeq
27、uestriansailingtrampolinebasketballcanoewater polotriathlonartistic gymnasticsbadmintonrhythmic gymnasticsroad cyclingThese pictures have been taken at the end of events.How do you think the participants are feeling?Give reasons.boxinghurdlingswimmingweightliftingfeelingsangryexcitingscornfulhappysa
28、dshockedThey are feelingexcited/encouraged/great/wonderful/happy/disappointed/delighted/marvellous/proud/cheerful/glorious.Lets enjoy more wonderful pictures!The Guinness Book of World RecordsThe book collects allkinds of records that are not made in anyconventional sports and usually by amateur spo
29、rts lovers.吉尼斯世界纪录的历史吉尼斯世界纪录的历史 1951年，在一次狩猎聚会上，当时英国年，在一次狩猎聚会上，当时英国吉尼斯啤酒公司的执行董事吉尼斯啤酒公司的执行董事 休休比佛爵比佛爵士与别人发生了争论：欧洲飞得最快的士与别人发生了争论：欧洲飞得最快的鸟是哪种？是松鸡还是金鸻？休鸟是哪种？是松鸡还是金鸻？休比佛比佛爵士意识到，如果有一本书能为这类争爵士意识到，如果有一本书能为这类争论提供答案的话，它一定会大受欢迎。论提供答案的话，它一定会大受欢迎。当时在伦敦经营一家资料收集站的孪当时在伦敦经营一家资料收集站的孪生兄弟诺里斯和罗斯生兄弟诺里斯和罗斯 麦克沃特罗斯麦麦克沃特罗斯麦克沃
30、特受命为克沃特受命为吉尼斯世界纪录大全吉尼斯世界纪录大全收集资料收集资料,休休 比佛爵士的想法变成了比佛爵士的想法变成了现实。现实。19551955年年8 8月月2727日日,第一版第一版吉尼吉尼斯世界纪录大全斯世界纪录大全装订成书装订成书,当年圣诞当年圣诞节前即荣登英国畅销书榜首。节前即荣登英国畅销书榜首。The heaviest cake in the world.The dog with the largest ears.The person with the longest moustache.The smallest electrically operated motor car.T
31、he worlds tallest person,251cm.1.Practice more talking about self-introduction in English.2.Learn more information about Guinness.Unit 1 Breaking recordsWarming up(the events)(the events)softballMountain bikeshootingswimmingfootballweightliftingvolleyballjudoarcherytable tennishandballtennisfencinge
32、questriansailingtrampolinebasketballcanoewater polotriathlonartistic gymnasticsbadmintonrhythmic gymnasticsroad cyclingThese pictures have been taken at the end of events.How do you think the participants are feeling?Give reasons.boxinghurdlingswimmingweightliftingfeelingsangryexcitingscornfulhappys
33、adshockedThey are feelingexcited/encouraged/great/wonderful/happy/disappointed/delighted/marvellous/proud/cheerful/glorious.Lets enjoy more wonderful pictures!The Guinness Book of World RecordsThe book collects allkinds of records that are not made in anyconventional sports and usually by amateur sp
34、orts lovers.吉尼斯世界纪录的历史吉尼斯世界纪录的历史 1951年，在一次狩猎聚会上，当时英国年，在一次狩猎聚会上，当时英国吉尼斯啤酒公司的执行董事吉尼斯啤酒公司的执行董事 休休比佛爵比佛爵士与别人发生了争论：欧洲飞得最快的士与别人发生了争论：欧洲飞得最快的鸟是哪种？是松鸡还是金鸻？休鸟是哪种？是松鸡还是金鸻？休比佛比佛爵士意识到，如果有一本书能为这类争爵士意识到，如果有一本书能为这类争论提供答案的话，它一定会大受欢迎。论提供答案的话，它一定会大受欢迎。当时在伦敦经营一家资料收集站的孪当时在伦敦经营一家资料收集站的孪生兄弟诺里斯和罗斯生兄弟诺里斯和罗斯 麦克沃特罗斯麦麦克沃特罗斯麦克
35、沃特受命为克沃特受命为吉尼斯世界纪录大全吉尼斯世界纪录大全收集资料收集资料,休休 比佛爵士的想法变成了比佛爵士的想法变成了现实。现实。19551955年年8 8月月2727日日,第一版第一版吉尼吉尼斯世界纪录大全斯世界纪录大全装订成书装订成书,当年圣诞当年圣诞节前即荣登英国畅销书榜首。节前即荣登英国畅销书榜首。The heaviest cake in the world.The dog with the largest ears.The person with the longest moustache.The smallest electrically operated motor car.The worlds tallest person,251cm.1.Practice more talking about self-introduction in English.2.Learn more information about Guinness.
