1、英语信函的基本要素一、信端（Heading），即信头，即寄信人的地址和日期，写在信笩的右上角。二、信内地址（Inside Address），即收信人的姓名和地址，写在左上角，比右上角的约低两行。三、称呼（Salutation），即对收信人的敬称或称谓，其位置在信内地址的下两行处，并与之平头。四、正文（Body），即信函的内容。五、结束语（Complimentary Close），即写信人表示自己对收信人的一种谦称。六、签名（Signature），即写信人的姓名。七、附件（Enclosure），缩写成Encl。八、再启或又及（Postscript），缩写称PS，用于补叙信的正文中遗漏的话。一、信
2、端（一、信端（Heading）Physics DepartmentZhejiang UniversityHangzhou，ChinaSept，20,1980二、信内地址（二、信内地址（Inside Astronomy）ChairmanDepartment of physics and AstronomyNorthwestern UniversityEvanston,IllinoisUSA三、称呼（三、称呼（Salutation）Dear Chairman，四、正文（四、正文（Body）I am at present applying for admission and financial ai
3、d to your Department of Physics and Astronomy.I am now a student in the Physics Department of Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China.I expect graduate at the end of this academic year with a speciality in low-temperature physics.I am interested in pursuing graduate studies in the United States toward a
4、PH.D.degree.It has been suggested to me that your Department has an excellent program in experimental solid and liquid state physics.Could you send me some general information about your University catalogue?Also,please send me application forms for graduate admissions as well as for financial aid.I
5、 am looking forward to hearing from you soon.五、结束语（五、结束语（Complimentary close）Sincerely yours，六、签名（六、签名（Singnature）Liu Dawei七、七、附件（附件（Enclosure）八、又及（八、又及（postscript）P.S Please send all material by mail根据内容，写一篇文章 请根据下面内容写一封信，内容如下：假设你现在是美利坚众和国文化参赞（Cultural Counsellor of the Embassy of the U.S.A.）的一名工作人
6、员请领护照于2011年10月份到西藏旅游，在此次旅行当中，他收到了地方政府的妥善照料。特写本信对中华人民共和国外交部长先生(Chef of the Protocol Department,Foreign Ministry of the P.R.C)表示感谢并告知护照已经交换，恳请注销(Take note thereof and cancel the name)。Key to the letterHis Excellency,Chief of the Protocol department,Foreign Ministry of the P.R.C.,BeijingNov.1,2011Your
7、Excellency,I beg to inform Your Excellency that a member of our Embassy formerly asked for a passport to be issued to him for the purpose of travelling in Tibet.Three days ago he returned back and handed back his passport.He said he had received satisfactory attention from the local authorities wher
8、ever he went,for which he is deeply grateful.I beg to return the passport originally received and hope that Your Excellency will take note thereof and cancel the name.I avail myself of this opportunity to extend to you my best regards.(signed,name in full)Cultural Counsellor of the Embassy of the US
9、A)外交公函一般要求有信端。在信端内要求写上发文机关名称、地址和日期。如果收文单位知道其名称和地址，可免写，仅在信端上写上发函日期。其次注意称呼用语。外交公函的称呼与其他信函不同，有其固定的用语，是对象而定。常用的有“Excellency（Excellencies）”、“Your Excellency（Excellencies）”、“Your Excellency Mr President”、“Your Excellencies Messrs.（Ministers）”等。这一类称呼一般用于总统、总理、大使、部长、公使、特别代表等重要人物，以表示尊敬。翻译时可相对应地译成“阁下”、“总统先生阁下
10、”、“部长先生阁下们”等。而对于国王、王后的称呼则为“Your Majesty King”，“Your Majesty King and Queen”，译成“国王陛下”、”王国和王后陛下”。“Your Highness Prince”，“Your Highness Princesses”是对亲王、王子、公主等的称呼，相对应的译语为“亲王殿下”、“公主殿下们”。翻译时必须仔细，切不可张冠李戴。外交公函中收信人的姓名、头衔、地址不像其他信函放在信的左上角，而是写在信的左下角，比签名一项的末行低一至二行。因此，在翻译外交公函时，在格式上也要相应的做些变动。把信右上角的日期移至签名的下端，而把原函左下
11、角收信人的姓名、头衔和称呼用语合并在一起，放在信端，不需分行，如上例所示，译成“国驻中华人民共和国特命全权公使先生阁下”。外交公函属非常正式的文体，为了体现正规问题的特征，翻译时用词需非常谨慎、考究，如原公函的开头语和结束句句式都很正规：“I have the honour to inform Your Excellency”，“I avail myself“译成汉语时，也需要使用正式的外交语言：“兹特荣幸地通知阁下”、“顺致，崇高敬意”。此外，外交公函句式均较复杂冗长。在翻译这样的长句时，应根据汉语的表达习惯，把长句译成几个断句。译文甚至将原句中“Which have all along e
12、xisted between our two countries”这个定语从句概括成“传统”两字。再如译“I am looking forward to closer cordial relations”这一句时，译者有意识作了词性上的变动，把原来的名词词组改成为动词词组，译成“我盼望我们的友好关系日益亲善，这样的译文不仅通顺，语言也简洁庄重了得多。His Excellency MR.Ambassador extaordinary and Plenipotentiary of to China，Minister Extraordinary of to ChinaNovember 18,2011
13、Your Excellency,I have the honour to acknowledge receipt of your letter dated November 15,2011,in which you were kind enough to inform me that you represented yesterday your Letter of Credence,accrediting you as Ambassador extaordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of to China,to His Excellenc
14、y MR.,Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress of the Peoples Republic of China.In thanking for the courtesy of this message,I have the great pleasure to enter in both official and personal relations with Your Excellency and to assure you of my constant endeavor to maintai
15、n and further develop the close cooperation between our two Missions,which happily reflects the growing bonds of friendship between our two countries.Please accept,Your Excellency,the assurances of my highest consideration.(signature,name in full)Minister Extroordinary and Plenipotentiary of to Chin
16、a英语信函的翻译方法鉴于英语信函格式和语言上的特点，翻译时也需要有相应的要求，一般有以下四个方面，或称ABCD四字诀。（1）、A代表准确（Accuracy）信函以结构固定，语言简洁，表达清楚，通俗易懂为其主要特征，译文也同样要准确体现这些特征。譬如：翻译留学申请信时，要准确地译出申请者姓名、入学时间、学习科目、经济担保等。（2）、B代表简洁（Brevity）Dear Frank,I repeatedly tried to telephone you yesterday,but your line was busy all the time and I was unable to make co
17、ntact with you,and therefore,I am writing this letter,to which I wish you would give me a prompt reply.Love Maria亲爱的弗兰克：昨日尽管我曾一直不断地尝试着给你打电话，然而你的电话线路始终很忙，所以我没有能够和你联系得上。我现在写这封信给你，希望你能立即给我一个及时的答复。爱你的玛丽亚虽然译文把原信件的意思一丝不苟地表达出来了，但语言不够简洁，给人造成一种啰啰嗦嗦、拖泥带水的感觉。亲爱的弗兰克：昨日我一再试拨电话给你，而电话始终占线，无法和你取得联络。故写此信，望你能立刻给我答复。爱
18、你的玛丽亚（3）C代表清楚（clarity）翻译英语书信除了要做到达意准确、语言简洁外，还要注意表达清楚，用词要简易，忌用大词和生僻词。若用词不当的话，会造成表达上的晦涩与不清楚，使人难以理解。July7，2011My dear Dorothy,Congratulations upon the birth of your daughter.May the good fairies shower upon her the gifts of goodness,wisdom,and beauty.Yours sincerely,Charlotte Trent 亲爱的多萝茜：敬贺你弄瓦之喜。愿天使赐与
19、她善良，聪明和美丽的福祉。忠诚于你的夏洛蒂特伦特 2011年7月7日 译文虽十分简练，但出现了“弄瓦之喜”、福祉这类古旧而生僻的词，结果反而弄巧成拙，使一般人难解奇意。可改译为：亲爱的多萝茜：恭贺你喜得千金。祝她善良、聪明、美丽。夏洛蒂特伦特敬贺 2011年7月7日同时还需注意要尽量使用短句，若原文句子太长，可分成几个短句来译。Dear Mr.Li：We very much regret that because of long standing arrangements it will not possible for me to attend,but we do appreciate th
20、e opportunity to have met the visiting study group,and sincerely hope that their stay in this country has been both pleasant and profitable.Yours faithfullyBob Adams 李先生：由于早已有了别的安排，恕本人届时不能参加，不胜抱歉之至。有幸会见来访小组的成员，感到十分高兴。衷心希望他们在我国的逗留既愉快，又有所裨益。此致 敬礼！你忠实的鲍勃亚当斯Dear Mr.Wang,I acknowledge（vt.承认；答谢；报偿；告知已收到）r
21、eceipt of your invitation for the 15th November and regret to inform you that I shall be unable to attend due to a projected trip to Australia and the Far East.Yours sincerely Alden Ade 王先生：参加十一月十五日活动的邀请已经收到。由于我已预定前往澳大利亚和远东地区一行，恕届时不能前往，谨表歉意。此致 敬礼！奥尔登艾德 商务信函和翻译技巧商务书信的语法和句式比较复杂，在翻译时需要经常使用一些翻译技巧，常见的有：重
22、复省略、否定、转换等。Dear Sirs,We thank you very much for the warm hospitality accorded to Mr.Green during his visit to your country and for your close cooperation in the business discussions.Mr.Green was invited to visit China in 1986 for the first time.He stayed in Beijing for about two weeks technical pres
23、entations on oil exploration.During his stay in China he also visted Shengli Oil Field.He spared the last two days for discussion with SINOCHEM on the possibility of importing Chinas crude oil.Aiming at the promotion of the bilateral trade,SINOCHEM and our company have,through friendly consulations(
24、协商、商讨),come to the following agreement:(omitted)亲爱的先生们：非常感谢你们在格林先生访问贵国期间给予的盛情款待，感谢你们在业务洽谈中的密切合作。格林先生于1986年第一次应邀访华，在北京逗留了大约两星期进行石油勘探技术的座谈。在华期间他还参观了胜利油田，并在最后的两天和中国化工进出口总公司商讨了进口中国原油的可能性。为促进双方的贸易，中国化工进出口总公司和我公司经友好协商达成如下协议：（略）英语的特点之一是尽可能地避免重复，而在译成汉语时，有时却必需重复以表达得更加清楚。例如：原信的第一段只用一个谓语词组“Thank you”，而译文却重复了“感
25、谢你们”这一短语。整句译成“非常感谢你们在加西亚先生访问贵国期间给予的盛情款待，感谢你们在业务洽谈中的密切合作。”这样的重复起了承上启下的作用，并不累赘，反更加符合汉语的习惯。省略的技巧也经常应用于商务书信的翻译中。如“英语中人称代词，物主代词是使用频率高于汉语。原信第二段中出现了三次“he”和一次“his”，译文根据汉语习惯酌情省略了人称代词。汉英这两种语言在表达否定意思时，差异比较明显，有时会给翻译工作带来一些困难，尤其在翻译商业英语信函时，常会碰到此类问题。Dear sirs,The New York Authority stipulates that barium carbonate
26、should be packed in fibre drums of in bags.The leakage was attributed to your failure to effect shipment according to the packing terms as stipulated in the contract.We find difficulty in entertaining your claim.In the absence of a settlement through negotiation,the case under dispute can be submitt
27、ed to arbitration.Your sincerely亲爱的先生们：纽约港务局规定碳酸钡应用纤维板制成的桶装，而不应袋装。泄露是由于贵方未按合同规定的包装发货所致。我方难以手里贵方的索赔。如谈判无法解决，争执之事可提交仲裁。此致敬礼如何用地道流利的英语写好一份求职信呢？关键要处理好求职信的五个组成部分：写信动机、自我介绍、本人能力、结尾、附件。通常求职信是针对报纸上招聘广告而写的。若此，信中须提到何月何日的报纸，有时工作机会是从朋友或介绍所听来的，有时写信人不知某机构、公司有工作机会，毛遂自荐。不论哪一种，求职信上一定要说明写信的缘由和目的。因此首先应该表明你是在何家媒体看到应聘广告
28、以及所要应聘的职位。参考例句：1.In reply to your advertisement in todays newspaper，I respectfully offer my services for the situation。拜读今日XX报上贵公司的广告，本人特此备函应征该职位。2.Replying to your advertisement into-days issue of the(newspaper)，I wish to apply for the position in your esteemed firm。拜读贵公司在今日(报纸)上广告，特此备函应征贵公司该职位。3.W
29、ith reference to your advertisement in(newspaper)of May 2for a clerk，I offer myself for the post。从五月二日XX报上广告栏得知贵公司招聘一位职员，我愿应招。4.I wish to apply for the position advertised in the enclosed clipping from the(newspaper)of November 12.谨随函附上十一月十二日XX报贵公司招聘广告，我愿应招此职位。5.In answer to your advertisement into-
30、days newspaper for a secretary，I wish to tender my services。阁下在今日XX报上刊登招聘秘书广告，本人获悉，特此应招。6.Learning from XX that you are looking for a sales manager，I should like to apply for the position。从XX处得悉，贵公司正在招聘一名业务经理，我愿应招此职。7.Your advertisement for a telephone operator in the newspaper of March 8has interes
31、ted me，I feel I can fill that position。贵公司三月八日在XX报上刊登招聘电话接线员广告，本人拜读后极感兴趣，相信能担任此职。二、自我介绍 写信人应述明自己的年龄或出生年月、教育背景，尤其与应征职位有关的训练或教育科目、工作经验或特殊技能。如无实际经验，略述在学类似经验亦可。参考例句：原信中并没有出现英文否定句中常用的no或not，而是用了“instrad of”、“failure to”、“in the absence of”这几个包含否定意思的词组。翻译时若不了解这点，仅按字面意思直译成“失败”、“代替”、“空缺”，译文不仅极不通顺，读者也难明其意。因此
32、应译成“不应”、“未”、“无法”，这样译文才简明扼要，通顺达意。1.For the past three years，I have been in the office of the XX Trading Co.，where I have been an accountant。本人曾经在XX贸易公司服务三年，担任会计工作。2.I am twenty years of age，and have been employed for the last two years by the XX Co.，in the general clerical work of the office。我今年20岁，曾
33、在XX公司服务两年，担任一般文员工作。3.I am twenty years of age，and am anxious to settle down to office work。本人20岁，希望能找到一个公司，以便安定下来。4.Since my graduation from the school two years ago，I have been employed in XX Hotel as a cashier。两年前离校后，在XX酒店担任出纳员。三、本人能力 这部分非常重要，因为这体现你究竟能为公司做什么，直接关系到求职的成功率。但是也要注意一定要用最少的文字表达最多的意思。参考例句
34、：1.I am able to take dictation in English and translate it rapidly into Chinese。我会英文的口授笔记，同时能立即将其翻译成中文。2.I have received an English education，and have a slight knowledge of Spanish.I took a Spanish course in college。本人接受英文教育，同时略通西班牙文。大学时，我修了西班牙文。3.I have been at the City Commercial College，where I h
35、ave acquired a knowledge of English，mathematics and elementary business practice。本人曾在城市商专学英文、数学以及初级商业实务。4.I have just left school，but have a good knowledge of English。本人虽刚离开校门，但英文很好。5.At school I won a scholarship and the first prize in a speech contest。求学中，我曾获奖学金及演讲比赛一等奖。6.I am a graduate of Hong K
36、ong University，and have in addition an M.A.degree from UCLA。本人毕业于香港大学，并在加州大学获得文学硕士学位。7.Since leaving school，I have attended Typewriting and Shorthand classes，and have now attained a speed of fifty and ninety words respectively。离开学校后，我参加打字与速记班，而今已达到打字50字，速记90字的速度。四、结尾 希望并请求未来的雇主允以面谈的机会，因此信中要表明可以面谈的时间
37、。成功的求职信决不是虎头蛇尾的，结尾一定要引起重视。参考例句：1.I should be glad to have a personal in-terview and can furnish references if desired。如获面试，则感幸甚。如需保证人，本人也可提出。2.I request an interview，and assure you that if appointed，I will do my best to give you satisfaction。恳请惠予面试之荣。如蒙录用，本人必竭尽所能，为贵公司服务，以符厚望。3.If you desire an inter
38、view，I shall be most happy to call in person，on any day and at any time you may appoint。如贵公司有意面试，本人一定遵照所指定的时日，前往拜访。4.Should you think favorably of my application，I would like to have an interview。如本人之应征优先考虑，恳请惠予面试之机会。5.I hope that you will be kind enough to consider my application favorably。恳请惠予考虑本人
39、之申请为盼。6.Should this application meet with your favorable consideration，I will do my utmost to justify the confidence you may repose in me。对此申请，贵公司如惠予考虑，本人将尽最大的忠诚与努力，为贵公司效劳。7.Should you entertain my application favorably，I would spare no trouble to acquit my-self to your satisfaction。假如应征获得青睐而进入贵公司服务
40、，本人必以排除万难之决心，为贵公司工作，以符厚望。8.I wish to assure you that，if successful，I would endeavor to give you every satisfaction。如蒙不弃，惠予录用，本人将尽力服务，使诸事满意。五、附件 这部分视具体情况而定，如有详细的简历或用人单位需要的材料附在求职信中时，需要注明。参考例句：1.You will find enclosed an outline of my education and business training and copies of two letters of recomme
41、ndation。有关本人的学历、工作经验等项的概要，谨同函呈上两件推荐函。2.Enclosed please find a resume and a photo。随函寄上简历表及相片各一份。3.A copy of my transcript is enclosed。附寄成绩单一份。4.Enclosed you will find a letter of recommendation from my former teacher of Eng-lish。随函附上我英文老师的推荐函。写一篇求职信时间：2011-12-6内容：应聘在网上看到的一应聘教师岗位的招聘广告。毕业学校：揭阳职业技术学院相关经
42、验：根据各自的情况写联系电话：666-666主要简历;看附件Dec.6th,2011Dear Sir/Madam I am applying for the teaching position you advertised on the Internet.I have several yearsexperience as a part-time teacher an I am going to get my BA degree from Shaoguan University this summer.During my years of part-time teaching,I have de
43、veloped not only competence and interest in teaching students,but also communication,and problem-solving skills.I am confident that my qualifications and experience will be benificial to your school and would appreciate the opportunity to schedule an interview with you at your convinience.I may be reached at 666666.(Enclosed is my resume.)Thank you for your consideration.I look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours,She Shuona
