1、2022-11-111高中英语五种基本句高中英语五种基本句型及巩固练习课件型及巩固练习课件2022-11-112现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)和补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。句子包括哪些成分？句子包括哪些成分？2022-11-113v主语：主语：主语是在句子中
2、说明全句中心主题的主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从部分一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首句充当它的位置一般在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.2022-11-114谓语：谓语：v谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成简单动词或者动词短语构成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He
3、 laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.2022-11-115表语：表语：v表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.Seeing is believing.2022
4、-11-116其其 它它系动词系动词状态：状态：seem,appear,prove-感官：感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look-变化：变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow-持续：持续：remain,stay,keep,continue-2022-11-117beautifulsurprisedtoareseemswent Correct mistakes:1.Her voice sounds beautifully.2.The whole company was surprising at the news.3.To see is believ
5、e.4.It seem like a good idea.5.The lights still on.6.All the potatoes changed bad.7.Jim was remained a worker.2022-11-118宾语宾语v宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She l
6、ikes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.2022-11-119宾语补足语宾语补足语v在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用v它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当在分词和过去分词充当 If you let me
7、go,Ill make you king.Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived.Make yourself at home.I saw him enter the hall.The boss keeps them working all day.I heard my name called.2022-11-1110状语状语v状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词
8、或短语充当，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当也可由从句来充当He did it carefully.Without his help,we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.2022-11-1111定语定语v定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分
9、词，词，名词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语从句都可以充当定语 The black bike is mine.Whats your name?A broken vase.I have 5 books.A sleeping boy.They made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.I have something to do.It is a swimming pool.2022-11-1112一一)挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.People al
10、l over the world speak English.How many new words did you learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.2022-11-1113(二二)挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语-The old man was feeling very tired.-The leaves have turned yellow.-Soon T
11、hey all became interested in the subject.2022-11-1114(四四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.He asked her to take the boy out of school.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.2022-11-
12、1115(五五)挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was eleven.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.2022-11-1116 With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.She loves the library because she lov
13、es books.I am afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.2022-11-11171.The machine doesn1.The machine doesnt work.t work.2.He is an honest student.2.He is an honest student.3.The silk feels soft.3.The silk feels soft.4.I have a lot of f
14、riends here.4.I have a lot of friends here.5.Tom lent me 200 dollars.5.Tom lent me 200 dollars.6.I saw him writing a letter.6.I saw him writing a letter.7.I find maths difficult.7.I find maths difficult.8.We call her Lily.8.We call her Lily.9.Father asked me to turn off the TV.9.Father asked me to t
15、urn off the TV.主主谓谓宾宾定定表表宾补宾补主主 系系an honestan honest表表主主系系主主谓谓主主主主主主主主主主谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓谓宾宾宾宾宾宾宾补宾补宾补宾补宾补宾补宾宾宾宾宾宾句子成分常用词性主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语定语定语状语状语表语表语宾补宾补n/pron.n./pron.Adj.Adv.n./adj.n./adj./to do/doingV2022-11-11181.Is this raincoat yours?No,mine_ there behind the door.is hanging B.is hung C.hangs D.was hung
16、Exercises:2._ your head,and youll see the sun_ now.Raise;rising Raise;raising C.To raise,rising D.Lift;being risen 2022-11-1119 3.More than a dozen students in that school_ abroad to study medicine last year.（2011年上海）年上海）A.sent B.were sent C.had sent D.had been sent4.The heros story_ differently in
17、the newspaper.（2012年全国年全国I、II）A.was reported B.was reporting C.Reports D.reported2022-11-1120 There was an accident which happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon.School was over.Michael and Jack from Grade 1 were going home by bike.They were talking and laughing happily.When they
18、saw a car passing by,they started to run after it.It was very interesting.The bus stopped when the traffic light turned red.The two students couldnt stop their bikes in time.Michael broke his left arm and Jack hurt his leg.It taught us a lesson that we should be careful in the street.语篇引入：语篇引入：2022-
19、11-1121 There was an accident which happened to two students in our school yesterday afternoon.School was over.Michael and Jack from Grade 1 went home by bike.They were talking and laughing happily.When they saw a car passing by,they started to run after it.It was very interesting.The bus stopped wh
20、en the traffic light turned red.The two students couldnt stop their bikes in time.Michael broke his left arm and Jack hurt his leg.It taught us a lesson that we should be careful in the street.语篇引入：语篇引入：2022-11-1122 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，
21、可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一：+（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：+（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）演绎语法
22、：演绎语法：2022-11-1123基本句型基本句型 一一 主谓结构主谓结构 此句型的句子有一个共同特此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。语从句等。2022-11-1124 （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.She 4.They 5.He flies.rose.sings beautifully.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday 20
23、22-11-1125练习：练习：1 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。2 2会议将持续两个小时。会议将持续两个小时。3 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。4 4每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。5 5这个盒子重五公斤。这个盒子重五公斤。1.She went home very late yesterday evening.2.The meeting will last two hours.3.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.4.Cla
24、sses begin at eight every day.5.This box weighs five kilos.2022-11-1126主语主语可有修饰语可有修饰语-定语定语，谓语谓语可有修饰语可有修饰语-状语状语。如如:1.The red sun rises in the east.2.So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4.She sat there alone,reading a novel.5.He came back when we were ea
25、ting.2022-11-11271.会议有可能开两个半小时会议有可能开两个半小时.The meeting will last two and a half hours.2.我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖边我所就读的学校坐落在那个美丽的湖边.The school where I study lies by the beautiful lake.3.她盼望已久的机会终于到来了她盼望已久的机会终于到来了.The chance which she wanted to get for a long time came at last.4他把书放在书包里他把书放在书包里,而书包却找不到了而书包却找不到
26、了.He put the books in the schoolbag,but the schoolbag disappeared.5.正在睡觉的婴儿笑了正在睡觉的婴儿笑了.The sleeping baby smiles.巩固练习：巩固练习：2022-11-1128英语基本句型英语基本句型-2主系表结构主系表结构 本结构是由主语本结构是由主语+系动词系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明表语组成，主要用以说明主主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的表示特征和存在状态的 be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,ta
27、ste,sound;2.表示状态延续的表示状态延续的 remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;2022-11-1129Our English teacher is thirty years old.The cake tastes delicious.We feel used to living in big cities.The potatoes went bad in the fields.Their boss seems satisfied with the
28、 work.Deep water stays still.2022-11-1130巩固练习：巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他十五岁他就成为就成为有名的钢琴家了。有名的钢琴家了。3孩子们很少孩子们很少保持保持安静。安静。4她的工作她的工作是是在幼儿园里照看儿童。在幼儿园里照看儿童。In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.At the age of fifteen,he became a famous pianist.Children seldom keep quiet.Her job is to look
29、 after the children in the nursery.2022-11-11315他失业了。他失业了。6树叶树叶已经变已经变黄了黄了7这个报告这个报告听起来听起来很有意思很有意思He is out of work.The leaves have turned yellow.The report sounds interesting2022-11-11321.As in China,the weather is different from area to area.主系表句型主系表句型的几个特例：的几个特例：2.We are greatly surprised to meet h
30、im there.3.It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.4.It is kind of you to say so.5.It is not easy for them to go there by bike.6.Is it Tom who is playing the piano?7.It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.2022-11-1133英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构主谓宾结构 本结构是由本结构是由主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语构成宾语构成。宾语
31、成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如如：1.Tom made a hole in the wall.2.I dont know if he can come tomorrow.3.They havent decided where to go next.4.She stopped teaching English two years ago.5.It took them ten years to build the dam.7.Mother promises to give me a present.2022-11-1134巩固练习：巩固练习：1昨晚我写了
32、一封信。昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。I wrote a letter last night.I want to talk with you this afternoon.He has read this book many times.They have carried out the plan successfully.That gentleman can speak three languages fluent
33、ly.2022-11-1135 6我我收到收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。还不会自己穿衣服。8我们大家都相信我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。是一个诚实男孩。9.他不知道说什麽好。他不知道说什麽好。10.我开窗户你在意吗？我开窗户你在意吗？I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.Jim cannot dress himself.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.He did not know what to say.Do
34、 you mind my opening the window?2022-11-1136英语基本句型英语基本句型4 双宾语结构双宾语结构 说明：此结构由说明：此结构由“主语主语+及物谓语动词及物谓语动词+间接宾语间接宾语（人）（人）+直接宾语（事物）直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：组成。如：He brings me cookies every day.但若要但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语后说间接宾语（人），（人），则要借助于介词则要借助于介词to或或for。如：。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a bea
35、utiful dress for me.用用to侧重指动作的方向，表示侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着朝着，向着，对着某人。某人。用用for 侧重指动作的受益者，侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；等；（需借助（需借助for 的）的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing
36、,save,spare等。等。2022-11-1137巩固练习：巩固练习：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。他把车票给列车员看。Mr Johnson taught us German last year.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the
37、 conductor.2022-11-11385我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。毛衣。Shall I call you a taxi?The new machine will save you a lot of labour.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.2022-11-1139英语基本句型英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构复合宾语结构 说明说明
38、:此结构由此结构由“主语主语+及物的谓语动词及物的谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾宾语补足语语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.He
39、used to do his homework with his radio on.用用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：即：主语主语+谓语谓语+it+宾补宾补+真正宾语真正宾语。如：。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.2022-11-1140巩固练习：巩固练习：1我们叫她我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。他们
40、把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。我们不会让她在晚上外出的。We call her Alice.All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free.I want you to tell me the truth.The guards ordered us to leave at once.Every morning we h
41、ear him read English aloud.He has his hair cut once a month.We wont let her go out at night.2022-11-11419那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10她正在听人家讲故事。她正在听人家讲故事。11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。我从来没看见这个字这样用过。12他感到很难跟你交谈。他感到很难跟你交谈。13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。The terrible sound m
42、ade the children frightened.She is listening to someone telling stories.I have never seen the word used that way before.He felt it very difficult to talk with you.I consider it possible to work out the problemin another way.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begin
43、s.2022-11-1142英语基本句型英语基本句型6 There be 句型句型 说明：说明：此句型是由此句型是由“there+be+主语主语+状语状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“有有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用此句型有时不用be动词，而用动词，而用 live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如：等。如：There stands a hill in the mid
44、dle of the park.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.2022-11-1143 Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：态变化。如：现在有现在有 there is/are 过去有过去有 there was/were 将来有将来有 there will be；there is/are going to be.现在已经有现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有可能有 there might be.肯定有肯定有 there must be
45、/there must have been.过去曾经有过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 2022-11-1144巩固练习：巩固练习：2这个村子过去只有一口井。这个村子过去只有一口井。4客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。5天气预报说下午有大风。天气预报说下午有大风。6灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。7战前这儿一直有家电影院的战前这儿一直有家电影院的.8恰好那时房里没人。恰好
46、那时房里没人。9从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。10公共汽车来了。公共汽车来了。11就只剩下二十八美元了。就只剩下二十八美元了。13铃响了。铃响了。2022-11-1145There was only a well in the village.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.The light is on.There must be someone ion the office.There used to be a cinema here before the war.There happened to be nobody in the room.Once,there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.There comes the bus.There remained only twenty eight dollars.There goes the bell.
