1、考点突破篇考点突破篇第一讲词汇辨析第一讲词汇辨析考点1单词辨析形形色色的单词一词多义/熟词生义1.(2017江苏卷)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help _ your year ahead.A.shape B.switch C.stretch D.sharpen答案A句意:到了年底,快速回顾一下自己的成功和失败,这会有助于你为未来的一年做好规划。shape“影响(某事物的发展)”,符合语境。switch转换,转变;stretch变大,拉长;sharpen使变锋利,使增强。2.(2016江苏卷)
2、Can you tell us your _ for happiness and a long life?Living every day to the full,definitely.A.recipe B.record C.range D.receipt答案A句意:你能告诉我们你快乐与长寿的秘诀吗?确切地说,是充实地过好每一天。根据答语可知,此处问的是快乐与长寿的秘诀。recipe秘诀,诀窍,符合语境。record记录;range范围;receipt收据,都与语境不符。3.(2016江苏卷)He did not _ easily,but was willing to accept any c
3、onstructive advice for a worthy cause.A.approach B.wrestleC.compromise D.communicate答案C句意:他不容易妥协,但他很愿意接受有关这项崇高事业方面的任何建设性的建议。compromise妥协,符合语境。4.(2015江苏卷)Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _ to their greatest potential.A.accelerate B.improve C.perform D.develop答案D句意:学
4、校应该是鼓励个人发展他们最大潜力的、充满活力的地方。accelerate加速;improve改善;perform执行;develop发展。形近词/同缀词1.(2019江苏卷)Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A.priority B.potentialC.proportion D.pension答案A句意:如今,旅游的重点(priority)从购物转向了食物和风景。potential潜力;proportion比例;pension养老金。2.(2019江苏卷)A city is t
5、he product of the human hand and mind,_ mans intelligence and creativity.A.resembling B.reflectingC.reviewing D.restoring答案B句意:城市是人的手和思想的产物,反映(reflect)了人的智慧和创造力。resemble像;与类似;review回顾;复查;restore恢复;修复。3.(2018江苏卷)Kids shouldnt have access to violent films because they might _ the things they see.A.ind
6、icate B.investigateC.imitate D.innovate答案C句意:孩子们不应该看暴力影片,因为他们可能会模仿他们看到的内容。imitate“模仿”符合句意。indicate“暗示”;investigate“调查”;innovate“创新”。4.(2018江苏卷)Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the _ youve made.A.assignment B.associationC.acquisition D.assumption答案D根据句中的actually可知选择assu
7、mption,表示“要努力弄懂事实上正在发生的事情而不是把你的行为建立在假设之上”。assignment“任务,作业”;association“协会;团体;联系;联想”;acquisition“获得;习得”。5.(2017江苏卷)Only five years after Steve Jobs death,smart-phones defeated _ PCs in sales.A.controversial B.contradictoryC.confidential D.conventional答案D句意:在乔布斯去世仅5年后,智能手机在销量上打败了传统电脑。controversial 有争
8、议的;contradictory矛盾的;confidential机密的;conventional 传统的,故选D。6.(2015江苏卷)Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national soccer reform.A.judgments B.adjustmentsC.comments D.achievements答案B句意:为了与国家足球改革相一致,一些学校将必须做出调整。judgement判断;adjustment调整;适应;comment评论;achievement成果,成就。近义词/反义词1.(2019江苏卷)
9、Unlike traditional gyms,app-backed gyms offer people _ options to exercise.A.casual B.regular C.flexible D.tight答案C句意:与传统健身房不同,应用程序支持的健身房为人们提供了灵活的(flexible)锻炼选择。casual随便的;偶然的;regular定期的,经常的;tight紧的,严密的。2.(2015江苏卷)Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.Id like to,but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _.
10、A.requests B.excuses C.apologies D.regrets答案C句意:去向你妈妈道歉,戴夫。我想去,但我担心她对我的道歉不满意。request要求,请求;excuse理由,借口;apology道歉,致歉;regret懊悔,遗憾。根据前面的“say sorry”可知选C项。3.(2014江苏卷)Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is to _ the soul of Qu Yuan.A.remember B.remindC.recover D.recall答案D句意:传说中端午节的起源是为
11、了召回屈原的灵魂。A.“记起”;B.提醒,使记起;C.恢复;痊愈;D.召回,回想起,记起。根据语境可知端午节划龙舟的风俗是由屈原投江后人们想召回其灵魂的行为演化而来的,故选D。4.(2014江苏卷)I cant meet you on Sunday.Ill be _ occupied.A.also B.justC.nevertheless D.otherwise答案D句意:我星期天不能见你,因为到时我将会有其他的事要忙。A.也;B.恰好;C.然而,不过;D.另外;在其他方面,根据语境可知选D。5.(2014江苏卷)Good families are much to all their memb
12、ers,but _ to none.A.something B.anythingC.everything D.nothing答案C句意:好的家庭对他们所有的成员都意味着很多,但对谁也不意味着全部。根据语境中much说明意味着很多,很重要,但是“but”告诉我们家庭不是一切,与后文中的to none形成部分否定之意。无关联词1.(2018江苏卷)Despite the poor service of the hotel,the manager is _ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.A.keen B.reluctantC.anxio
13、us D.ready答案B句意:尽管这家旅馆服务差,但是经理却不愿投资对员工进行足够的培训。reluctant“不情愿的,勉强的”符合句意。2.(2017江苏卷)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents.But _explanations are hard to find.A.alternative B.aggressiveC.ambiguous D.apparent答案A句意:恐龙的灭绝并不必然是由天文事件引起的,但很难找到其他的解释。alternative 可替代的;
14、aggressive挑衅的;ambiguous模棱两可的;apparent 明显的,故选A。3.(2016江苏卷)His comprehensive surveys have provided the most _ statements of how,and on what basis,data are collected.A.explicit B.ambiguousC.original D.arbitrary答案A句意:他全面的调查提供了最详尽清楚的关于如何收集,在什么基础上收集的陈述。explicit详述的;明晰的;ambiguous含糊的,不明确的;original起初的,原来的;arb
15、itrary随机选择的,随心所欲的,无理由的。4.(2014江苏卷)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful _ in last years election.A.symbol B.portrait C.identity D.statue答案A句意:她两年前被软禁,但在去年的大选中仍然是一个有强大影响力的象征。A.“象征;符号;标志”;B.“肖像;描写”;C.“身份”;D.“雕像;塑像”,根据语境,人们已把她看作一种有强大影响力的代表人物,故选A。5.(2015江苏卷)The police offi
16、cers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case.A.comprehensive B.complicatedC.conscious D.crucial答案A句意:警官们决定对该案件进行一次彻底和全面的审查。comprehensive综合的,广泛的;complicated复杂的;conscious有意识的;crucial至关重要的。根据and判断,所填词和thorough(彻底的;细致的)意思相近,故选A项。一、三方法解决名词辨析题二、形容词词义辨析法1.利用固定搭配和习惯表达2.利用句子的平衡、对比等结构3.充分把握具体的语
17、境形容词的考查在高考试题中比较多,具体在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项。三、副词词义辨析法四、动词词义辨析副词的考查在高考试题中也比较多,具体在解答试题时要根据具体的语境辨析所给选项。具体来说,要注意:(1)一些副词的具体含义;(2)一些副词在具体句子中的辨析。语境词义辨析的关键是要理解句意以及上下文语境,其次要注意以下两点:一是要注意该动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,是持续性动词还是终止性动词;二是要注意一些特殊的动词,如连系动词等。这样就能做到有的放矢。词语辨析是高考的热点,主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力,因而在记忆单词时,一定要结合语境体会其意义。近几年考查的词语辨析主要有以下
18、几种形式:一、一词多义和熟词生义在英语中,大部分词都是多义词。往往一个词的使用率越高,其词义就越多。一词多义和熟词生义现象对准确理解句意形成了很大的障碍。因此,在平常学习英语的过程中,关注这一现象,并尽可能多地掌握理解词汇的诸多意义,显得格外重要。二、判断一词多义单词的具体词义的常见方法1.根据词类定词义在英语中有些单词作为不同词性时,意思是大不相同的。如:英语单词“back”:(1)作名词:back 意为“背面,背部”等My dress ties at the back.我的衣服在背后打结。(2)作动词:back 意为“支持”Ill back him against all the othe
19、rs.我将支持他反对所有其他人。(3)作形容词:back 意为“过期的”a back issue过期的期刊(4)作副词:back意为“回来”Tom will be back at once;hang on.汤姆马上就回来,别挂断电话。因此,在背英语单词的过程中要注意不要只背单词常用的词义,也要把其他词类的词义记住,这样才能保证在以后的考试中不丢分。2.根据专业定词义一个名词有多种意义时,往往适用于不同的学科和专业。这类一词多义现象,是由各行各业都尽量利用常用词汇去表达各自的专业概念造成的。单词“body”在以下领域词义不同:天文学:The sun is the central body of
20、the solar system.太阳是太阳系的中心天体。航空:The speed of a plane is associated with the shape of its body and wings.飞机的速度与机身及机翼的形状有关。因此,在平时的学习中要注意英语单词在各种不同学科中的不同译法,这样才能使译文更为符合汉语的表达习惯。3.根据搭配确定词义一般说来,对于一个孤立的词,其词义是游移不定的。但当其处于特定的搭配关系中时,它因受到周围词的制约,词义就会明朗化了。比如hot的词义很多,但在特定的搭配关系中词义就很明确。hot bath 热水浴a hot temper 暴躁的脾气a
21、hot band 走红的乐队hot music 节奏强的音乐hot news 最新消息a hot favourite 最被看好的选手hot dispute 激烈争论This curry is too hot.这咖喱太辣了。因此,遇到英语多义词时要仔细结合上下文去反复推敲,切忌望词生义,不求甚解。尤其遇到多义常用词时,不要想当然地用自己知道的常用的意思去翻译,要结合上下文,结合语境,才能更好地理解文章想要表达的意思。三、同缀词和形近词形相似,意不同1.以-tion,-ation,-sion,-ment,-tance,-tence等结尾的名词(1)expectation 期待 reputation
22、声誉contribution 贡献 civilization 文明(2)equipment 设备 entertainment 娱乐assessment 评估 arrangement 安排(3)consequence 后果 independence 独立competence 能力;权限intelligence 智力2.以-al,-able,-tive,-ous,-less等结尾的形容词(1)available 可以得到的affordable 负担得起的acceptable 可接受的 valuable 有价值的(2)special 特殊的 regional 地区的optional 选择的 orig
23、inal 起初的(3)adaptive 适应的 objective 客观的precious 宝贵的 fruitless 无成果的3.以-ly结尾的副词4.形近词hopefully 有希望地 curiously 好奇地occasionally 偶尔 gradually 逐渐地(1)command 命令 comparison 比较compliment 赞美 comment 评论(2)commitment 承诺,奉献competition 竞争 accuracy 准确accompany 陪伴四、近义词和反义词(1)remember 记住 remind 提醒;使想起recover 恢复;重新获得rec
24、all 召回;使想起(2)simply 简单地;只是merely 只是;仅仅五、“无关联”词(1)symbol 象征 portrait 肖像identity 身份 statue 雕像(2)difference 差异,不同comparison 比较connection 连接,关系barrier 屏障,障碍(3)differ 不同 shrink 收缩fail 失败,衰退decline 下降(4)associate 联系 dispute 争论negotiate 谈判 register 登记(5)sacrifice 牺牲 substitute 代替simplify 简化 survive 存活(6)aw
25、ful 可怕的 essential 必要的impressive 印象深刻的convenient 便利的(7)cautious 谨慎的 grateful 感激的tolerant 忍耐的 wild 狂野的(8)commercial 商业的 vital 重要的comparable 类似的,同类的profitable 有利可图的(9)dramatic 戏剧性的 regional 地区的apparent 明显的 subtle 细微的(10)unchallenged 没有异议的relevant 相关的controversial 有争议的contradictory 矛盾的考点2短语辨析小小短语,谁是主角介词
26、短语1.(2019江苏卷)Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees professional development.A.in effect B.in commandC.in turn D.in shape答案A句意:优惠政策有效地鼓励了员工的职业发展。in effect意为“在实施中;有效”,符合语境。in command负责;in turn轮流,依次;in shape健康状况良好。2.(2018江苏卷)Chinas soft power grows _ the increasing appreciation and understand
27、ing of China globally.A.in line with B.in reply toC.in return for D.in honour of答案A句意:我国的软实力的增长与我国不断得到全球各地的欣赏和理解是紧密相连的。in line with“与紧密相连”符合句意。in reply to答复;in return for作为对的回报;in honour of为了纪念;为向表示敬意。3.(2017江苏卷)Determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
28、A.in contrast to B.in defense ofC.in face of D.in relation to答案D句意:根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处,这是我们生存的一项必不可少的技能。结合句意可知,这里用in relation to“与相关;涉及”表示“我们与周边环境的关系”。in contrast to与相比;in defense of保卫,为辩护;in face of面对。4.(2015江苏卷)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.A.thanks to B
29、.regardless ofC.aside from D.but for答案D句意:如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话,我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏,由于;regardless of不管,不顾;aside from除了,除以外;but for要不是,如果没有的话。5.(2014江苏卷)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay _.A.in place B.in orderC.in shape D.in fashion答案C句意:为了保持好身材,Tom经常晨
30、起慢跑,还经常做俯卧撑。A.就位,在该在的位置;B.按秩序;C.体型良好,形状良好;D.跟上潮流,追得上时尚。根据语境可知,做锻炼是为了保持体型和良好的身材,故选C。动词短语1.(2019江苏卷)More wind power stations will _ to meet the demand for clean energy.A.take up B.clear upC.hold up D.spring up答案D句意:更多的风力发电站将会涌现(spring up),以满足对清洁能源的需求。spring up表示“迅速出现;突然兴起”,符合语境。take up拿起;占据;clear up使整
31、洁;清理;hold up支撑;延迟。2.(2018江苏卷)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _ a clear road map and timetable.A.calls for B.calls onC.calls off D.calls up答案A开发长江经济带是一个系统的工程,它需要一个清晰的陆路交通图和时间表。call for“需要”符合句意。call on号召;拜访;call off取消;call up使回忆起。3.(2017江苏卷)Working with the med
32、ical team in Africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.A.held out B.brought outC.picked out D.given out答案B句意:在非洲医疗团队中的工作激发了她作为医生的最大潜能。hold out坚持;伸出;bring out激发;使显现;pick out挑选;give out分发。根据句意可知选B。4.(2016江苏卷)Many businesses started up by college students have _ thanks to the comfortable climate for bus
33、iness creation.A.fallen off B.taken offC.turned off D.left off答案B句意:由于良好的创业环境,许多大学生的创办项目已经腾飞(获得成功)。take off成功;起飞,符合语境。fall off跌落,恶化;turn off关掉;解雇;leave off停止(做)某事;戒掉,都与语境不符。5.(2016江苏卷)Parents should actively urge their children to _ the opportunity to join sports teams.A.gain admission to B.keep tra
34、ck ofC.take advantage of D.give rise to答案C句意:父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用,符合语境。gain admission to获准进入;keep track of与保持联系;give rise to引起,导致,都与语境不符。6.(2015江苏卷)The university started some new language programs to _ the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.A.apply to B.cater forC.appeal to D.hunt f
35、or答案B句意:大学开始开设一些新的语言项目,以迎合国家的丝绸之路经济带。apply to 适用于;申请;cater for 迎合;满足所需;appeal to 呼吁;上诉;hunt for 搜寻。7.(2015江苏卷)The whole team _ Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.A.wait on B.focus onC.count on D.call on答案C句意:整个球队依靠Cristiano Ronaldo,而他很少让他们失望。wait on 服侍;焦急的等待;focus on 集中于;关注;count on依靠;指望
36、;call on 拜访;号召;呼吁。8.(2014江苏卷)Dad,I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.I see.Ill go right away and _.A.pay him back B.pay him offC.put him away D.put him off答案B句意:爸爸,我认为Oliver不是适合干这种工作的人。我明白了。我这就回去让他结账走人(即辞退他)。A.报答,回报;B.偿清,付清;C.把收起来;放好;D.put off推迟,宾语通常不是人;根据语境此处应指因为Oliver不适合干这种工作,
37、所以给他结清账让他另觅高就,故选B。一、利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目关于介词短语的相关题目,一般采用将介词短语置入句子,并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识,然后读懂题干的含义。二、两方法快速判定动词短语1.看动词后的介词/副词的拓展意义;2.看动词含义的辨析。(1)含有on的短语含义有:继续(go on,carry on,hold on,insist on);连上(turn on,try on,pull on,rely on);开始(work on,call on,bring on)(2)含有off的短语含义有:离开(turn off,see off,call
38、off,carry off);停止(lay off,pay off,break off)一、介词短语1.需要掌握的48个常考介词短语far from 完全不apart from 除了at random 任意地;随意地by chance 偶然地by means of 通过方法for fear of 唯恐instead of 代替,而不是regardless of 不管,不顾in terms of 就而言in need of 需要in favor of 支持,赞成in praise of 歌颂in search of 寻找in view of 鉴于,由于in the form of 以形式in t
39、he direction of 朝方向in place of 代替in front of 在前面in case of 假使in face of 面临,面对in honour of 为纪念in spite of 尽管in response to 作为对的回应in the way 挡道,妨碍in sight 看得见in turn 依次in particular 尤其,特别in charge 负责,掌管in time 及时;迟早on occasion 有时,偶尔on account of 因为,由于on watch 值班;监视on the line 处于危险状态on behalf of 代表out
40、of sight 看不见out of reach 够不着out of order 发生故障out of place 不合适的;不在适当的位置along with 与一起next to 几乎,差不多;紧挨着according to 根据as a result of 由于的结果in exchange for 作为的交换in/with regard to 关于,至于for lack of 因缺乏due to 由于in addition to 除之外on top of 另外;在之上2.容易混淆的含有介词固定搭配的词组类型举例差一冠词,大相径庭in front of(在前面)in the front o
41、f(在前部)in charge of(负责)in the charge of(由负责)out of question(毫无疑问)out of the question(不可能)at table(在吃饭;在吃饭时)at the table(在桌子旁边)有无介词,意义不同know sb认识某人know about sb了解某人shoot sb击中某人shoot at sb向某人射击search sb搜身search for sb搜寻某人believe sb相信某人的话believe in sb信任某人的人格benefit sb使某人受益benefit from sb从某人那里得到益处画蛇添足,误加
42、介词serve the people为人民服务enter the room 进入房间follow me 跟在我后面marry sb 与某人结婚go abroad 出国live upstairs 住在楼上母语思维,误用介词be caught in the rain被雨淋着leave for some place 动身去某地set an example to sb 为某人树立榜样in the direction 朝着方向do a favor for sb 帮某人一个忙different from 和不同with the help of 在的帮助下steal sth from sb 偷某人的东西re
43、ad sth to sb 给(为)读(念)二、动词短语1.常考的动词短语break短语break away from脱离;挣脱break down 损坏;(化学)分解;(汽车)抛锚;垮掉break in 闯入,强行进入;插嘴,打断break into 闯入;打断,突然起来break off 打断;折断break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生,爆发break up (物理)分解;粉碎,破碎;结束;散开,解散bring短语bring about 引起,导致bring back 把送回,归还;使回忆起bring down 使倒下,降低bring in 引进;挣得bring out 使罢工;阐明;
44、出版;使显现bring up 教育,培养come短语come about 发生,产生come across (偶然)遇见(或发现)come off 从离开,脱落come on 来吧,赶快come out 出来;(书)出版come to 共计,达到come up with 追上,赶上;想出(主意);找出(答案)get短语get across 被理解get along/on with 进展;与和睦相处get down 下来;记下get down to 开始认真干get off 出发;下车get through 通过;打通(电话);用完,耗尽give短语give away 泄露;颁发;赠送give
45、back 归还;使恢复give in 屈服;呈交give off 发出,放出(气味、光、热等)give out 用尽,耗尽;分发;公布;发出(光、热等)give up 放弃hold短语hold back 隐瞒;阻碍;控制(情感等)hold out 伸出;坚持,维持hold up 阻挡,使停顿;支撑得住hold on 等着;别挂断;坚持住hold on to 保留;抓住不放make短语make sense 有意义,讲得通make it 及时到达;成功make up 编造;化妆;组成,构成;和好make up for 补偿,弥补make room for 让地方make use of 利用make
46、 way for 为开路,让路make up ones mind 打定主意,决定put短语put aside 放在一边put away 收起来放好;储蓄put back 放回原处;推迟put down 放下;镇压;记下put forward 提出(计划、建议等);提前put off 延期,推迟put out 扑灭;生产;公布put through 接通电话put up 提出;建造;举起;张贴,公布;留宿,过夜put up with 容忍set短语set about 着手干;开始做set aside 暂时不考虑;把放到一旁;省出,留出set off 动身;引爆;引起,激发set out 开始;动
47、身;陈述,阐明take 短语take charge of 负责,掌管take in 吸收;欺骗take off (飞机)起飞;脱下;休假;迅速流行;(事业)腾飞take on 呈现;雇用;承担(责任)take over 接管,接任take the place of 代替take up 从事;拿起;占据(时间或空间)turn短语turn away 转过脸,走开;拒绝某人turn down 拒绝;调小turn off 关掉turn on 打开turn out 结果;证明是;关掉;生产,制造turn over 打翻;仔细思量;移交turn to 求助于;翻到,转到turn up 调大;出现2.其他常
48、考的动词短语account for 解释,说明answer for 对负责;担保attend to 处理;对待;照料care about 关心,在意;担忧check in (在旅馆、机场等)登记check out 结账离开consist of 包括,由组成contribute to 有助于,导致deal/do with 对付;处理;涉及;论述figure out 想清楚,弄明白;算出focus on/upon 集中(精神、注意力等)于glance at 匆匆一瞥glare at 怒视head for 朝行进insist on 坚持要求object to 反对point out 指出reach out for 伸手去够refer to 提到;指的是;查阅meet with 偶遇rely on/upon 指望,信赖result from 因而产生,是造成的result in 结果是,导致see to 照看;处理;负责show off 炫耀stick to 坚持,不放弃speed up 加快速度suffer from 因而受苦use up 耗尽,用尽watch out 警惕,注意watch over 照管;监督;保护wear out 耗尽,使筋疲力尽