1、Unit Three Why I TeachPeter G.BeidlerBackground InformationRalph Waldo EmersonAmerican philosopher and writer(1830-1882)Ralph Waldo Emerson was a leader of the philosophical movement of transcendentalism(先验说,超越论).His essays had a strong influence on both American and European readers and writers in
2、their study of mans relation to life.In a speech entitled“the American Scholar,he called upon American students to“Know Thyself and“Study Nature.In the essay“Self-Reliance he stresses the importance of sturdy independence in thought and action.Background Information Henry David Thoreau American writ
3、er,philosopher,and naturalist(1817-1862)Born in Concord,Thoreau was educated at Harvard University.In the late 1830s and early 1840s,he taught school and tutored in Concord and on Staten Island,New York.After graduation from Harvard University in 1837,Thoreau started a school that was perhaps the fi
4、rst in America to introduce field trips for nature study.In 1845 he built a small cabin at Walden Pond with his own hands and lived there until 1847,spending 27 cents a week for food to supplement the vegetables he raised.In 1854,he published his masterpiece Walden or,Life in the Woods.In Walden,Tho
5、reau records his life in the woods and describes freshly and vividly the changing seasons and other natural events and scenes that he observed.Thoreau had kept a journal since 1837,and this journal formed the basis for several books published after his death.Background InformationAldous Huxley Engli
6、sh novelist,essayist,critic,and poet(1893-1963)In his later works he expressed concern that the pursuit of material possessions was taking place at the expense of individual freedom and a respect or nature.He satirized such trends in Brave New World(1932),a novel set in a future world where individu
7、ality is deliberately stifled.In Island(1962),on the other hand,he presents his utopia,a libertarian community living in close harmony with its natural environment.Warm-Up QuestionWhat do you want to do after graduation?What do you think of taking teaching as a career?Do you think that teachers are
8、highly respected and valued in your society?PartsParasMain Ideas113 Introduce my feelings during the process of teaching.2411Tell some reasons why I choose teaching as my career.31217Tell the most important reasons why I teach.41821Sum up the benefits that I can derive from teaching.Part Division of
9、 the TextPart Division of the Text1.What does the expression“step up mean?“Step up means“promotion,which can bring him money and power.For example,a university administrator earns more money and has more power than an average professor and most Americans would be only too pleased to get a“step up to
10、wards these goals.2.Translate the sentence into Chinese.所有美国人受的教育是长大成人后所有美国人受的教育是长大成人后应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏应该追求金钱和权力，而我却偏偏不要明明是朝这个目标不要明明是朝这个目标“迈进的迈进的工作，他为之大惑不解。工作，他为之大惑不解。Line.51.Paraphrase this sentence.Certainly I teach not because teaching is easy for me.2.Translate the sentence into Chinese.当然，我之所以教书不
11、是因为我觉得教书轻松。当然，我之所以教书不是因为我觉得教书轻松。Line.7 Paraphrase this sentence.Teaching is a profession that makes my eyes red for lack of sleep,my palms sweaty because of nervousness and my stomach sinking because I often feel so disappointed with my lectures.Line.11What is the grammatical function of“convinced t
12、hatusual in this sentence?Convinced 引导的是过去分词短语，作伴引导的是过去分词短语，作伴随状语随状语。More Examples:The student left the classroom,disappointed at the teachers decision.The mother couldnt eat or sleep,worried about her sons safety.1.What does“bad questions refer to?It refers to careless questions or simple questions
13、 that every student can answer without difficulty.2.Translate this sentence into Chinese.我们这个世界有无穷无尽的正确答案来对付拙劣的问题。我们这个世界有无穷无尽的正确答案来对付拙劣的问题。How to understand“being present at the creation when the clay begins to breathe?2.What can you infer from this sentence?According to the Bible,man was created by
14、 God out of clay.When God breathed the breath of life into the clay,it became alive and the creation of man was completed.Here the author compares the job of a teacher to the work of God.We can infer from this sentence that the author implies that the teacher helps the student to become a real man o
15、r woman.1.Paraphrase this sentence.I have the power to give my students a gentle push in the right direction,to arouse their interest and curiosity,to recommend good books,to point out the way to greater achievements.2.Translate this sentence into Chinese.我有权启迪，有权激发才智，有权开出书目，有权我有权启迪，有权激发才智，有权开出书目，有权
16、指点迷津。指点迷津。Paraphrase this sentence.I teach because,when I see that my students are beginning to grow and change in front of me,I from time to time find myself growing and changing with them too,as if new life were being breathed into my body.2.Translate the sentence into Chinese.我教书，是因为与开始成长的学生朝夕相处，
17、我有时我教书，是因为与开始成长的学生朝夕相处，我有时感到自己也和他们一起成长了。感到自己也和他们一起成长了。outweigh:v.ube more important or valuable than sth.Else The benefits of this treatment far outweigh any risks.This outweighs all other consideration.这一点是首先要考虑的。这一点是首先要考虑的。administrative:adj.uof or involving the management of public or business af
18、fairsHe holds an administrative post in the company.他的职责主要是行政方面的他的职责主要是行政方面的。His duties are mainly administrative.administrative 的动词形式为administer，意思为“管理。The country was administered by the British until very recently.In many Japanese homes,the funds are administered by the wife.administer，manage&exe
19、cute 这三个动词均有这三个动词均有“管理、支配之意管理、支配之意指官方的或正式的对事务的管理。指官方的或正式的对事务的管理。administermanage强调对具体事务机构进行管理，有时含受权强调对具体事务机构进行管理，有时含受权管理或处理之意。管理或处理之意。意为对命令、方案或某一件工作的贯意为对命令、方案或某一件工作的贯彻、执行或实施。彻、执行或实施。executeDirections:Fill in the blanks with the three words above.Change the form where necessary.1.He asked his brother
20、 to execute his will.2.World affairs should be managed by all countries in the world.3.The Foreign Minister administer foreign affairs.4.The plan was good,but it was badly executed.5.The hotel is badly managed .puzzle.v.1)confuse someone or make them feel slightly anxious because they do not underst
21、and sth.The findings of the survey puzzled me.他不知道下一步该怎么办如何回这封信。他不知道下一步该怎么办如何回这封信。He was puzzled what to do next/how to answer the letter.The teacher left the children to puzzle the answer to the question out themselves.n.a game or toy that has a lot of pieces that you have to fit together;sth.that
22、is difficult to understand or explain A jigsaw puzzle is a picture which has been cut up into bits,and you must make the picture again.profession:n.1)a job that needs a high level of education and trainingHe is a lawyer by profession.我不知道我适合什么干职业。我不知道我适合什么干职业。I dont know what profession would suit m
23、e.2)all the people who work in a particular professionThe doctor is respected by his profession.The teaching profession claim to be badly paid.Collocations:practice a profession the legal/medical profession by profession 从事某职业从事某职业法律法律/医疗职业界医疗职业界以以为职业为职业reflection:n.1)careful thought,or an idea or o
24、pinion based on this After reflection,I feel I make the wrong decision.She failed this time because she did it without sufficient reflection.2)an image that you can see in a mirror,glass,or waterWe looked at our reflections in the lake.他能够在光亮的桌面上看见自己的映像。他能够在光亮的桌面上看见自己的映像。He can see his reflection on
25、 a polished table-top.Collocations:after reflectionon reflection mature/sober/serious reflection经过考虑之后经过考虑之后再三思考再三思考成熟成熟/冷静冷静/认真的思考认真的思考convince:v.make someone feel certain that sth.is true;persuade sb.to do sth.He was convinced of his error.我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。We convinced Anne to g
26、o by train rather than by plane.Pattern:be convinced of(that)be fully(half)convincedconvince sb.of convince oneself of 确信；成认确信；成认完全相信半信半疑完全相信半信半疑使某人成认；使某人信服使某人成认；使某人信服充分相信充分相信compel:v.force someone to do sth.;make people have a particular feeling or attitude He was compelled by illness to suspend hi
27、s experiment.他们的聪明和技艺博得我们的赞赏。他们的聪明和技艺博得我们的赞赏。Their cleverness and skill compel our admiration.opportunity:n.a chance to do sth.or an occasion when it is easy for you do do sth.I have been offered a job.Its a great opportunity.我没有时机和她谈这件事。我没有时机和她谈这件事。I had no opportunity to discuss it with her.Colloc
28、ations:grab/seize/take an opportunity offer/miss an opportunity an opportunity for golden opportunity opportunity,chance&occasion这三个名词均含“时机之意。侧重指有利或适合于采取行动，以到达某一目的或实现某种愿望侧重指有利或适合于采取行动，以到达某一目的或实现某种愿望的最正确时机或时机。的最正确时机或时机。CF:opportunitychance 侧重指偶然或意外的时机，有时也指正常或好的时机。侧重指偶然或意外的时机，有时也指正常或好的时机。occasion 指特殊时
29、机或良机，也指时节。指特殊时机或良机，也指时节。抓住/利用时机提供提供/错过时机错过时机一个一个的时机的时机绝好的时机绝好的时机build on:base on;use as a base for further developmentWe must build on our reputation to expand the business.他们根据自己的研究作出了这个结论。他们根据自己的研究作出了这个结论。They drew the conclusion by building on their own research work.CF:build是一个常用词，与之搭配组成的短语还有：是一
30、个常用词，与之搭配组成的短语还有：build in build intobuild up安装，固定安装，固定使固定于，使成为使固定于，使成为的一局部的一局部树立，建立；增进，增强树立，建立；增进，增强stimulate:v.encourage or help an activity to begin or develop further;encourage someone by making them excited about and interested in sth.The government plans to cut taxes in order to stimulate the e
31、conomy.表扬她就能鼓励她更加努力。表扬她就能鼓励她更加努力。Praise always stimulates her to make further efforts/to make greater efforts.stimulate,encourage&inspire这三个动作均表示这三个动作均表示“鼓励，鼓励之意。鼓励，鼓励之意。stimulate尤指人或物因外界因素而受到刺激，使人振尤指人或物因外界因素而受到刺激，使人振作起来或增强做某事的信心和勇气。例如：作起来或增强做某事的信心和勇气。例如：The exhibition stimulated interest in the art
32、ists works.这次展览引起人们对这位艺术家的作品的兴趣。这次展览引起人们对这位艺术家的作品的兴趣。encourage指提高某人情绪，增强战胜困难、实现目标的指提高某人情绪，增强战胜困难、实现目标的信心和勇气。例如：信心和勇气。例如：Her parents encouraged her in her studies.她的父母鼓励她好好学习。她的父母鼓励她好好学习。inspire通常指鼓起勇气，充满信心和希望。例如：通常指鼓起勇气，充满信心和希望。例如：His noble example inspired the rest of us to make greater efforts.他那崇
33、尚的典范鼓励我们大家更加努力。他那崇尚的典范鼓励我们大家更加努力。struggle:1.v.try extremely hard to achieve sth,even though it is very difficultIve been struggling to understand this article all the afternoon.Fish struggle for survival when the water level drops in the lake.你给我这么多吃的你给我这么多吃的,我得尽量把它吃完。我得尽量把它吃完。Im struggling to finis
34、h the huge helping you gave me.2.n.a long hard fight to get freedom,political rights,etc.我们绝不会不战而降。我们绝不会不战而降。We will not surrender without a struggle.Pattern:struggle against/withstruggle forstruggle to do sth.与与作斗争作斗争为为而斗争而斗争为为而努力而努力renovate:v.repair a building or old furniture so that it is in goo
35、d condition again He renovates old houses and sells them at a profit.旧家具需要整修翻新。旧家具需要整修翻新。The old furniture here should be renovated.repay:v.pay back money that you have borrowed;do sth.for someone,or give them sth,in return for helping youHe had to sell his car to repay the bank loan.How can I ever
36、repay you for your kindness?公司发给她奖金以酬谢她工作努力公司发给她奖金以酬谢她工作努力.The firm repaid her hard work with a bonus.Collocations:repay the money to sb.repay ones debt to society把钱还给某人把钱还给某人回报社会回报社会 loan:1.n.1)an amount of money that you borrow from a bank,etc.Im only asking for a loan.Ill pay you back.We could ap
37、ply for a loan to buy a car.2)the time when you lend sth.to sb.May I have the loan of your bicycle?谢谢你借给我自行车。谢谢你借给我自行车。Thank you very much for the loan of your bike.2.vt.(American English)lend sb.sth.,esp.money;(British English)lend sth.valuable to someoneThis library loans books,CDs and videotapes.
38、这位艺术家把她的绘画出借给博物馆。这位艺术家把她的绘画出借给博物馆。The artist loaned her pictures to the museum.distribute:v.1)share things among a group of people,especially in a planned wayHe distributed sweets to all the children in the class.他们把奖品分发给获胜者。他们把奖品分发给获胜者。They distributed the prizes among the winners.2)spread sth.over
39、 a large area Our shops are distributed all over the city.示威者向行人分发传单。示威者向行人分发传单。The demonstrators distributed leaflets to the passers-by.CF:distribute,assign÷ 这三个动词均含“分配，分发之意。distribute 通常指以整体或定量分为假设干份来分配。通常指以整体或定量分为假设干份来分配。assign指按照某种原那么进行的硬性分配，指按照某种原那么进行的硬性分配，常暗示着分配人的常暗示着分配人的武断性。武断性。divide普通
40、用词，侧重将某物分成假设干份分配给他人，当某物一普通用词，侧重将某物分成假设干份分配给他人，当某物一分为二时，含平均分配之意。分为二时，含平均分配之意。leave out:fail to mention or include;omitIve made a list of names I hope I havent left anyone out.她在表达中漏掉了一个重要细节。她在表达中漏掉了一个重要细节。She left out an important detail in her account.NB:leave 还有很多其他的搭配，例如：还有很多其他的搭配，例如：leave alonele
41、ave behindleave for让让单独待着；不打搅单独待着；不打搅忘了带；留下忘了带；留下动身前往某地动身前往某地energetic:adj.having or needing a lot of energy or determination He is an energetic boy;he enjoys sports.这些年轻的学生们越干越有劲。这些年轻的学生们越干越有劲。The more the young students worked,the more energetic they became.occasional:adj.happening sometimes but n
42、ot often or regularly We get the occasional visitors here.Have you seen the occasional table in front of the sofa?家里这些天需要一个临时司机。家里这些天需要一个临时司机。The family needs an occasional chauffeur these days.work on1)try very hard to improve or achieve sth.He is working on a new novel.His dancing technique is goo
43、d,but he needs to work on his fitness.2)try continuously to influence someone or persuade them to do sth.Im working on my father to get him to take me to the airport.史密斯游说其他委员投票赞成这项提案。史密斯游说其他委员投票赞成这项提案。Smith worked on the other committee members to vote for the bill.switch:1.v.1)change from doing or
44、 using one thing to doing or using another I used to cook on electricity,but Ive switched to gas.2)turn off a machine,light,radio,etc.using a switch Would you please switch the radio off?2.n.the act of turning or changingWhen did you make the switch from gas to electricity in this house?几次转向之后几次转向之后
45、,我发现自己来到了邮局门口。我发现自己来到了邮局门口。After several switches of direction I found myself in front of the post office.intuition:n.The ability to understand or know sth.because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts;an idea about what is true in a particular situation based on a feeling rather than fa
46、cts I cant explain how I knew I just had an intuition that youd been involved in an accident.没有人告诉我到哪儿去找你没有人告诉我到哪儿去找你.我纯粹是凭直觉找到你的我纯粹是凭直觉找到你的.Nobody told me where to find you.It was sheer intuition.Collocations:have an intuitiontrust ones intuitionby intuition有一种直觉有一种直觉相信某人的直觉相信某人的直觉凭直觉凭直觉magic:1.n.t
47、he ability of particular people in childrens stories to make impossible things happen by saying special words Like magic,the car changes into a boat when it hits the water.他们相信那都是魔法造成的。他们相信那都是魔法造成的。They believe that it was all done by magic.2.adj.very good or very enjoyableThat music is really magic
48、!You got the tickets?Magic!我们今天玩得很痛快我们今天玩得很痛快!We had a magic time today!catch ones breath:rest so as to be able to continue an activity,stop breathing for a moment from surprise,shock,etc.After running to the bus stop,we sat down to catch our breath.长途追逐后，这几条狗气喘吁吁长途追逐后，这几条狗气喘吁吁The dogs were catching
49、 their breath after the long chase.Collocations:hold ones breath out of breathunder(ones)breathin one breath/in the same breath屏息屏息气喘吁吁气喘吁吁压着嗓音，低声说压着嗓音，低声说同时，立刻同时，立刻matter1.v.be important,especially to be important to you,or to have an effect on what happens I know Charles doesnt think this project
50、is important,but it matters to me.我们迟到了，可好似没什么关系。我们迟到了，可好似没什么关系。We were late but it didnt seem to matter.2.n.a subject or situation that you have to think about or deal with Could I talk to you about a personal matter?谈论世界问题是一回事，解决问题却是另一回事。谈论世界问题是一回事，解决问题却是另一回事。Talking about the worlds problems is o
