1、如何理解长难句在阅读过程中,我们经常会遇到一些结构复杂、长达数行的句子,它们会干扰甚至阻碍我们对语篇的理解。那么,如何通过分析句子结构正确理解长难句呢?我们不妨从长难句的类型着手。第一种是含有较多成分的简单句。对于这类句子我们只要找准并理解主干部分(即主语、谓语、宾语、表语等主要成分),便可迅速掌握句子传递的主要信息。第二种是含有两个及以上简单句的并列句。分析这类句子先要找准并列连词,然后逐一处理简单句即可。但要注意,出现并列连词的句子不一定是并列句。如本单元课文中I had to learn how to . and how to .这句话中and连接两个并列的“疑问词+不定式”结构作lea
2、rn的宾语。第三种是含有各类从句的主从复合句。对于这类句子我们要先找到主句,再分析从句在整个句子中所作的成分。更复杂的句式中会有从句中嵌套从句的现象,这时我们同样应先从从句中找出主句,再层层分析。如:. her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought,其中her tutor explained为主句,that . ideas和that . she
3、 thought从句为并列的宾语从句。在that . ideas从句中又含有what引导的宾语从句和if引导的条件状语从句。在that . she thought从句中又嵌套what引导的宾语从句。第四种是并列复合句,即含有复合句的并列句。对于这类句子先要锁定并列连词,然后再逐一分析并列连词前后的复合句。如:At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks,这个句子是由but连接的并列复合句。在but前面的句子中,Xie Lei had no idea是主句,其后跟着what引导的同位语从句;but后面的句子是主系表结构,what引导的从句作主语,that引导的从句作表语。由此可见,理解长难句绝非一朝一夕之事。只有打好扎实的语法基础,在语境中具体问题具体分析,才能提升对长难句的理解能力。