1、Unit 1 Science and Scientists Discover useful structuresLearning objectives In this class,you will1.identify and summarize the form of the predicative clause;2.get to know the meaning of the predicative clause;3.use the predicative clause to talk about science and scientists.Review Review What kind
2、of person is John Snow?John Snow is smart.John Snow is determined.John Snow is committed.Warm up 1.John Snow is determined.2.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.predicative(表语)predicative clause(表语从句)SP 主主(系系)表表 SP 主主(系系)表表 Find and underline the predicative clauses.1.It seems that scienc
3、e is all around us.2.Understanding science and pushing the boundaries of science is what makes me satisfied.Summary 1 Linking verbs 状态类：be 动词,seem,appear,keep,remain,stay 感官类：look,smell,taste,sound,feel 变化类：become,get,turn,grow,fall,come,go Activity 1:Underline all the predicative clauses in the rea
4、ding passage.Para.2 In general,doctors in those days had two contradictory theories One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.空气污染引发霍乱空气污染引发霍乱。食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。Activity 1:Underline all the predicati
5、ve clauses in the reading passage.Para.3 What is more,in another part of London,a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.该女士似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，该女士似乎非常喜欢
6、从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。Activity 1:Underline all the predicative clauses in the reading passage.Para.4 The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover,Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different wate
7、r companies in London.宽街宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。Activity 2:Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses.Example What was it that John Snow showed to the world?What John Snow showed to the world was _.how cholera could be ove
8、rcomehow 意思为意思为“如何如何”，在表语从句中充当状语，在表语从句中充当状语Activity 2:Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses.1.What was Snows discovery in two particular streets in London?Snows discovery in two particular streets in London was _ _that the ch
9、olera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.that 无意义，在表语从句中不充当无意义，在表语从句中不充当成分成分,起连接作用，不能省略起连接作用，不能省略Activity 2:Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicative clauses.2.What was Snow determined to find out during th
10、e 1854 outbreak of cholera in London?What Snow was determined to find out was _ _why the outbreak of cholera had caused over500 deaths within ten days.why 意思为意思为“的原因的原因”，在表语从句中充当状语在表语从句中充当状语Activity 2:Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predic
11、ative clauses.3.What were the exact places Snow marked on the map?The exact places Snow marked on the map were _where all those who died had lived.where 意思为意思为“的地点的地点”，在表语从句中充当状语在表语从句中充当状语Activity 2:Answer the following questions using the information from the reading passage as well as the predicat
12、ive clauses.4.What was the finding that Snow announced?Snows finding was _ that the pump water carried cholera germs.that 无意义，在表语从句中不充当成分无意义，在表语从句中不充当成分,起连接作用，不能省略起连接作用，不能省略Summary 2 1.What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.2.The exact places Snow marked on the map were
13、 where all those who died had lived.3.Snows finding was that the pump water carried cholera germs.引导词在表语从句引导词在表语从句中充当的成分中充当的成分引导词引导词备注备注主语主语who,what,which 根据根据句意句意选择选择宾语宾语whom,who,what,which 表语表语whom,who,what,which定语定语whose,what,which状语状语when,where,why,how不充当成分不充当成分that,whether,as if,as though,becau
14、se Activity 3:Complete Davids lines(A-E),using the words in the box.as if that what who when how why whose which whether A Absolutely.You may not believe it,but that was _ happened at the initial stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.whatB Yes,it is.And it seemed _ all the
15、 theories were useful,but the fact was _ we couldnt persuade one another that one theory was better than another.C Exactly.The problem was not about _ all our theories were equally good,but in deciding _ theory to depend upon.as if thatwhetherwhich/what/whose as if that what who when how why whose w
16、hich whether D We realised that what we cared about was not _ aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather _ we can reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!E Youre right.At last,we became focused on the key issue,which was _ we had to carry out the research in the first place.
17、which/whathowwhy as if that what who when how why whose which whether Activity 3:Put Davids lines in the correct order and practise the conversation.Maria:This mix of theory and data is one of the key characteristics of what we call science.David:_ A (Absolutely.You may not believe it,but that was w
18、hat happened at the initial stage of our groups research on developing a vaccine for malaria.)Activity 3:Put Davids lines in the correct order and practise the conversation.Maria:With your theoretical framework?David:_ C (Exactly.The problem was not about whether all our theories were equally good,b
19、ut in deciding which/what/whose theory to depend upon.)Activity 3:Put Davids lines in the correct order and practise the conversation.Maria:Deciding on a theory is definitely of critical importance.David:_ B (Yes,it is.And it seemed as if all the theories were useful,but the fact was that we couldnt
20、 persuade one another that one theory was better than another.)Activity 3:Put Davids lines in the correct order and practise the conversation.Maria:This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.David:_ E (Youre right.At last,we became focused on the key issue,which
21、was why we had to carry out the research in the first place.)Activity 3:Put Davids lines in the correct order and practise the conversation.Maria:So what happened in the end?David:_ D (We realised that what we cared about was not which/what aspect we needed to develop a theory in,but rather how we c
22、an reduce the cost of a vaccine without reducing its effect!)Activity 4:Fill in each blank with a word or expression that introduces a predicative clause.(page 10)Activity 4:Fill in each blank with a word or expression that introduces a predicative clause.(page 10)What is the passage about?It is abo
23、ut science and scientist.Science is simply _ you can do.And doing science makes you a scientist!So,what do scientists do?Actually,what matters is not only _ they observe in the world around them and what questions they ask,but also _ they use evidence or data to answer the questions.They identify us
24、eful data and take new measurements.Some of the key issues that scientists face are _ calculationswhathowwhatwhatthey do and _ they analyse their data to draw conclusions about the questions they ask.The final issue,which many believe to be the most important,is _ they need to communicate their resu
25、lts.This is _ they want everyone to benefit from their work!It seems _ science is all around us.You see,by doing science,scientists get a better understanding of the world around them and share that understanding with the whole world.howwhybecausethatHomework1.Finish Activity 1 on page 62.2.Finish Activity 2 on page 62.
