1、 Heart failureWhat Is Heart Failure?What Is Heart Failure?LessLesspumpingpumpingpowerpowerSlower flow Slower flow raterateof bloodof bloodHigher Higher pressure pressure of chamberof chamber The heart The heart cant cant provide provide body body enough enough bloodbloodCausesCoronary Coronary arter
2、yarterydiseasediseaseWhat causes What causes heart failureheart failureCoronaryCoronaryarteryarterydiseasediseaseHeart Heart attackattackCardio-Cardio-myopathymyopathyOver-Over-burdenedburdenedCardiac Cardiac hypertrophyhypertrophyCompliance Compliance decrease decrease Compensa-tion Compensa-tion r
3、eactionreactionFrank-Starling Frank-Starling mechanismmechanismCompensatory Compensatory mechanism mechanism of Neurohumorof NeurohumorCompensation reactionTypes Of Heart FailureTypes Of Heart FailureSystolic Systolic dysfunctiondysfunctionWhen the heart muscle doesnt When the heart muscle doesnt co
4、ntract with enough force,there is contract with enough force,there is less oxygen-rich blood that is less oxygen-rich blood that is pumped throughout the bodypumped throughout the bodyDiastolic Diastolic dysfunctiondysfunctionThe heart contracts normally,but the The heart contracts normally,but the
5、ventricle-the main pumping chamber-ventricle-the main pumping chamber-does not relax properly,reducing the does not relax properly,reducing the amount of blood that can enter the heart amount of blood that can enter the heart and raising blood pressure in the lungs.and raising blood pressure in the
6、lungs.AHA/ACC GuidelinesAHA/ACC Guidelines Stage Stage A AAt high risk for At high risk for HF but HF but without without structural heart structural heart disease or disease or symptoms of symptoms of HFHFStage BStage BStructural Structural heart disease heart disease but without but without signs
7、or signs or symptoms of symptoms of HFHF Stage Stage C CStructural Structural heart disease heart disease with prior or with prior or current current symptoms of symptoms of HFHF Stage Stage D DRefractory HF Refractory HF requiring requiring specialized specialized interven-tionsinterven-tionsStages
8、 of Heart FailureStages of Heart Failure Class IClass INo limitation during ordinary activityNo limitation during ordinary activity Class II Class II Slight limitation by shortness of Slight limitation by shortness of breath fatigue during moderate breath fatigue during moderate exertion or stressex
9、ertion or stress Class IIIClass IIISymptoms with minimal exertion Symptoms with minimal exertion that interfere with normal daily that interfere with normal daily activityactivityClass IVClass IVInability to carry out any Inability to carry out any physical activityphysical activity SymptomsSymptoms
10、SymtomsSymtomsCongested Congested lungslungsFluid and Fluid and water water retentionretentionDizziness Dizziness fatigue fatigue weaknessweaknessRapid or Rapid or irregular irregular heartbeatsheartbeatsDiagnosisDiagnosisDiagnosisDiagnosisMedical Medical historyhistorySymptomsPhysical examsAssistan
11、t Assistant examina-tionexamina-tionHeart failureHeart failure Diabetes Diabetes kidney disease kidney disease anginaanginahigh blood pressure high blood pressure heart problemsheart problemsSmoke Drink alcohol and Drink alcohol and how much you how much you drinkdrinkmedicationsmedicationsMedical h
12、istoryAssitantAssitantExaminationsExaminationsBlood testsBlood testsBNPBNPChest X-rayChest X-rayEchocardiogramEchocardiogramEFEFEKGEKGStress testStress testCardiac Cardiac catheterizationcatheterizationcoronary coronary angiogramangiogramCardiac MRICardiac MRIAssistant ExaminationsBNPBNP is a substa
13、nce secreted from the heart in BNP is a substance secreted from the heart in response to changes in pressure that occur when response to changes in pressure that occur when heart failure develops and worsens.The level of heart failure develops and worsens.The level of BNP in the blood increases when
14、 heart failure BNP in the blood increases when heart failure symptoms worsen,and decreases when the heart symptoms worsen,and decreases when the heart failure condition is stable.The BNP level in a person failure condition is stable.The BNP level in a person with heart failure-even someone whose con
15、dition with heart failure-even someone whose condition is stable-is higher than in a person with normal is stable-is higher than in a person with normal heart function.heart function.EFA normal EF is generally between 55%and 75%,A normal EF is generally between 55%and 75%,which means that over half
16、of the blood volume is which means that over half of the blood volume is pumped out of the heart with each beat.Heart pumped out of the heart with each beat.Heart failure may occur as the result of a low EF(called failure may occur as the result of a low EF(called systolic heart failure),or from ano
17、ther cause,such systolic heart failure),or from another cause,such as a valve disorder or from diastolic as a valve disorder or from diastolic dysfunction.People with diastolic dysfunction can dysfunction.People with diastolic dysfunction can have a normal EF.have a normal EF.TreatmentAdd Your TextG
18、ood life styleGood life stylereasonable dietary habitreasonable dietary habitMedicationsMedicationsSurgical proceduresSurgical proceduresTo prevent To prevent your heart your heart failure from failure from worseningworseningCommon types of drugs used to treat heart failure include:Common types of d
19、rugs used to treat heart failure include:Angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitorsAngiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)inhibitorsAngiotensin II receptor blockers(ARBs)Angiotensin II receptor blockers(ARBs)Beta-blockersBeta-blockersDigoxin Digoxin DiureticsDiureticsBlood vessel dilatorsBlood vessel d
20、ilatorsPotassium or magnesiumPotassium or magnesiumAldactone InhibitorsAldactone InhibitorsCalcium channel blockersCalcium channel blockersHeart pump medicationHeart pump medicationMedicationSurgical Procedures添加标题 Heart Heart trans-trans-plantplantBypass surgeryBypass surgeryHeart valve surgeryHear
21、t valve surgeryLeft ventricular Left ventricular assist deviceassist deviceInfarct exclusion Infarct exclusion surgerysurgerySurgery is aimed at Surgery is aimed at stopping further damage to stopping further damage to the heart and improving the heart and improving the hearts functionthe hearts function
