1、高考英语专题复习高考英语专题复习-完形填空解题技巧完形填空解题技巧4.4.大多富有大多富有积极的教育意义积极的教育意义,给人以人生,给人以人生的的启迪启迪或是充满了生活情趣;或是充满了生活情趣;没有严格遵循答题步骤没有严格遵循答题步骤:很多考生一拿到很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案,不认真分析完形填空题就急于选择答案,不认真分析通篇文章,通篇文章,单纯求快单纯求快,忽略语篇理解忽略语篇理解,只,只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快,但是这种面上解题速度挺快,但是这种见树不见林见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。的做法只会影响解题
2、的质量和效率。为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?切记切记:一定要用一定要用2-32-3分钟时间分钟时间先进行先进行缺词缺词阅读阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空手逐个填空.2.2.不注意不注意积累积累答题技巧答题技巧:a.a.忽略文章忽略文章首句首句的提示作用;的提示作用;b.b.忽略文章中忽略文章中上下文之间的照应上下文之间的照应关系关系;c.c.遇到长句不注意遇到长句不注意分析句子结构分析句子结构,在在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择选择.3 3.时间安排不当时间安排不当:在几个选
3、项上在几个选项上过分纠过分纠缠缠,追求完美,导致许多本可以做出,追求完美,导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。的题来不及做。切记切记:正确的做法是正确的做法是由易到难由易到难,先做会做,先做会做 的,再考虑较难的。的,再考虑较难的。强烈推荐强烈推荐:如尚有几题题目不确定可将某:如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的题的可能的两项填入空格可能的两项填入空格,然后快速地整然后快速地整句整段地默读句整段地默读,选择某一项习惯或短语或选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的动宾搭配读起来较流畅的.细读文章的第一句话细读文章的第一句话 高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句
4、往往就是主题句完整的。该句往往就是主题句(Topic Topic SentenceSentence),这就为我们理解文章的内),这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个在联系提供了一个“窗口窗口”,它的句意,它的句意往往为往往为全文提供中心信息全文提供中心信息,能直接概括,能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。全文大意、揭示主题。充分重视首句的标示作用,利用它为充分重视首句的标示作用,利用它为解题找到一个突破口,据此展开思维,解题找到一个突破口,据此展开思维,争取开局胜利争取开局胜利。对于对于叙事,描述类叙事,描述类文章。短文的文章。短文的首句首句,往往点明故事发生的往往点明故事发生的人物人物(who)
5、,时间时间(when),地点),地点(where),和事件,和事件(what)等背景等背景情况。例:情况。例:It was a busy morning,about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital.2010全国卷(全国卷(I)对于对于论述文,首句表明了论述的论述文,首句表明了论述的主题主题。起到揭示主题的作用。例如:。起到揭示主题的作用。例如:A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool.A letter
6、 can be enjoyed,read and 21 .2010全国卷(全国卷(II)词汇题词汇题高考完形填空高考完形填空考什么?考什么?篇章结构篇章结构(语境语境)句际关系句际关系1.复现复现词汇题词汇题 1.Mrs.Neidl would ask me for my 37_ .She wanted to know how I thought She believed I had opinions,so I began to .37.A.opinion B.impression C.information D.intentionopinions语境语境-原词重现原词重现Many count
7、ries celebrate World Book Day and the 6 is yearly held in different ways.6.A.performanceB.activity C.celebrationD.design C同根词复现同根词复现2.I had some 28 in my pocket,but I would not give them to him,thinking to myself he would 29(only)use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol.28.A.chocolate
8、s B.coins C.tins D.drugs语境语境-同义词、近义词复现同义词、近义词复现In this way we can live a(an)20 life rather than waste time doing meaningless things.20.A.comfortable B.meaningful C.messy D.emptyB反义词复现反义词复现 复现方面复现方面2.复现的跨度:复现的跨度:近距离(较多)近距离(较多)远距离(较少)远距离(较少)上下义词汇关系上下义词汇关系 总总-分分-关系关系 A doctor friend,Mr.Lied,told me abo
9、ut a man who came to him with a variety of 6 :headaches,heart trouble and insomnia(失眠症失眠症).6.A.questionsB.reasons C.complaintD.signsD3.The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area,37(telling)him it would be at least 40 minutes 38(before)someone would be able to see him.36 A.breath B.test C.seat D
10、.break语境语境-固定搭配固定搭配take a 36 3.3.根据词汇的根据词汇的意义及用法辨析词义意义及用法辨析词义 4.My father_me to her with these words:“I would like you to meet the fellow who is 36.A.rushed B.sent C.carried D.introduced 语境语境-词义辨析词义辨析例例2(2016全国卷全国卷)The man who had his bright lights on _48_ and told Larry he had _49_ an emergency cal
11、l.()48.A.came down B.came through Ccame in Dcame over 4.4.根据生活常识根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行选择及文化背景知识进行选择常识、背景知识常识、背景知识6.Born in America,I spoke English not Chinese,the language of my ancestors.When I was three.my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face,but I pushed them 37(aside),36.A.custorn B.games C
12、.characters D.language 1.1.语法手段语法手段2.2.逻辑手段逻辑手段句际关系句际关系1.1.语法手段语法手段8.I then 32(realized)I had no right to place myself above 33 just because he was busking.33.A.it B.all C.him D.them语法语法-指代指代9.“As a policeman,I saw 27 there was violence,drugs were always behind it.They have a damaging 28(impact)on t
13、he kids.”27.A.where B.unless C.as D.whether 语法语法-句型句型Fire can help people in many ways.But fire can also be very 2 .Big fire can burn trees,houses,animals or people,which can bring severe injuries and even lead to many deaths.2.A.harmfulB.painful C.useful D.hopefulA语境语境-转折关系转折关系 11.Bean is a white d
14、og,quite handsome and very 38 .38.A.smart B.sweet C.slow D.shy语境语境-同类并列关系同类并列关系 12.First of all,a pen should fit comfortably in your hand,.Then the writing point of the pen 52 ,the pen should make a thick,dark line.52.A.Meanwhile B.Generally C.Afterwards D.Finally语境语境-顺序关系顺序关系小结:完型填空考查内容小结:完型填空考查内容
15、原词复现原词复现同义同义.近义近义反义复现反义复现 指指 代代 句句 型型 并列关系并列关系 转折关系转折关系 解释关系解释关系语法项目语法项目 顺序关系顺序关系 因果关系因果关系词汇手段词汇手段语法手段语法手段逻辑手段逻辑手段语篇信息语篇信息(语境理解)(语境理解)让步关系让步关系 固固定定搭搭配配 词义辨析词义辨析 文化常识文化常识 Problem solving strategies注意注意上下文语境上下文语境(context)了解常识背景了解常识背景(common sense)掌握习惯搭配掌握习惯搭配(phrases&idioms)运用词义辨析运用词义辨析(comparison)运用语法分析运用语法分析(grammar analysis)运用逻辑分析运用逻辑分析(logical analysis)运用排除法运用排除法(exclusive method)解题过程中应做到解题过程中应做到小结:完型填空考查内容小结:完型填空考查内容 原词复现原词复现同义同义.近义近义反义复现反义复现 指指 代代 句句 型型 并列关系并列关系 转折关系转折关系 解释关系解释关系语法项目语法项目 顺序关系顺序关系 因果关系因果关系词汇手段词汇手段语法手段语法手段逻辑手段逻辑手段语篇信息语篇信息(语境理解)(语境理解)让步关系让步关系 固固定定搭搭配配 词义辨析词义辨析 文化常识文化常识