1、第十四讲第十四讲 八年级八年级(下下)Units 78类别类别新课标要求新课标要求重重点点词词汇汇拓拓展展1.task(1.task(近义词近义词)n.work/job)n.work/job2 2waitressnwaitressn.男服务生男服务生 waitervwaiterv.等候等候 waitwait3 3annoyadjannoyadj.生气的；恼怒的生气的；恼怒的 annoyedadjannoyedadj.使生气的；使生气的；使恼怒的使恼怒的 annoyingannoying4 4polite(polite(反义词反义词)adj.)adj.impoliteadvimpoliteadv
2、.有礼貌地；客气地有礼貌地；客气地 politelypolitely5 5behaviorvbehaviorv.举止；表现举止；表现 behavebehave6 6uncomfortable(uncomfortable(反义词反义词)adj.)fortablevcomfortablev.安慰安慰 comfortcomfort7 7voice(voice(近义词近义词)n.sound/noise)n.sound/noise8 8personalnpersonaln.人人 personperson9 9mouse(plmouse(pl.)mice.)mice1010asleepadjasleepa
3、dj.困倦的困倦的 sleepyvsleepyv.睡觉睡觉 sleepadjsleepadj.失眠失眠的的 sleeplesssleepless类别类别新课标要求新课标要求重重点点词词汇汇拓拓展展1111choose(choose(过去式过去式)chose()chose(过去分词过去分词)chosennchosenn.选择选择 choicechoice1212clearlyadjclearlyadj.清楚的清楚的 clearclear1313winnervwinnerv.赢；获胜赢；获胜 winwin1414suggestnsuggestn.建议；提议建议；提议 suggestionsugge
4、stion重重点点短短语语记记忆忆1.not at all 1.not at all 一点也不一点也不2 2turn down turn down 把把调低；关小调低；关小3 3right away right away 立刻；马上立刻；马上4 4wait in line wait in line 排队等候排队等候5 5cut in line cut in line 插队插队6 6at first at first 首先首先7 7keep.down keep.down 控制；抑制控制；抑制8 8take care take care 当心；小心当心；小心重重点点短短语语记记忆忆9 9break
5、 the rule break the rule 违反规则违反规则1010put out put out 扑灭、熄灭扑灭、熄灭(火火)；关灯；关灯1111pick.up pick.up 捡起捡起1212fall asleep fall asleep 入睡入睡1313give away give away 赠送；分发赠送；分发1414make progress make progress 取得进步；取得进展取得进步；取得进展1515hear of hear of 听说听说1616take an interest in take an interest in 对对感兴趣感兴趣1717make fr
6、iends with make friends with 与与交友交友 重重点点句句型型整整理理1.Would you mind moving your car?1.Would you mind moving your car?2 2Would you mind not playing baseball here?Would you mind not playing baseball here?3 3Could you please wash the dishes?Could you please wash the dishes?4 4Why dont you get her a scarf?
7、Why dont you get her a scarf?5 5What should I get my sister?What should I get my sister?6 6What about a watchWhat about a watch？1 1.but there are other places where talking loudly.but there are other places where talking loudly isis_ _notnot_ _allowedallowed.但是有些但是有些(其他其他)地方大声谈话是不允许的。地方大声谈话是不允许的。(Un
8、it 7)(Unit 7)allowallow意为意为“允许允许”，具体用法如下：，具体用法如下：allow sb.to do allow sb.to do sthsth.允许某人干某事允许某人干某事allow doing allow doing sthsth.允许做某事允许做某事be allowed to do be allowed to do sthsth.被允许做某事被允许做某事allow sb.allow sb.sthsth.allow allow sthsth.to sb.to sb.给某人某物；让某人得到给某人某物；让某人得到某物某物My parents wont allow me
9、 to stay out late.My parents wont allow me to stay out late.我的父母不允许我在外面待很晚。我的父母不允许我在外面待很晚。We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow smoking here.我们不允许在此吸烟。我们不允许在此吸烟。The students are allowed to design their own uniforms.The students are allowed to design their own uniforms.学生们被允许设计他们自己的校服。学生们被允许设计他们自己
10、的校服。2 2.itit isis betterbetter toto keepkeep your voice your voice downdown in public places.in public places.在公共场合最好低声说话。在公共场合最好低声说话。(Unit 7)(Unit 7)(1)Its better to do(1)Its better to do sthsth.相当于相当于had better do had better do sthsth.意为意为“最好最好干某事干某事”。本句也可表达为：。本句也可表达为：youd better keep your voice d
11、own in youd better keep your voice down in public placespublic places。(2)keep.down(2)keep.down意为意为“控制；抑制控制；抑制”，与，与keepkeep连用的短语还有：连用的短语还有：keep keep offoff意为意为“(“(使使)离开；离开；(使使)不接近不接近”；keep outkeep out意为意为“不让不让进入进入”；keep onkeep on意为意为“继续继续(做某事做某事)”)”等。如：等。如：Keep your dog off the grass.Keep your dog of
12、f the grass.别让你的狗进入草地。别让你的狗进入草地。Keep that dog out of my study.Keep that dog out of my study.别让那条狗进入我的书房。别让那条狗进入我的书房。It was raining hardIt was raining hard，but they kept on working.but they kept on working.雨下得很大，但他们仍继续工作。雨下得很大，但他们仍继续工作。【辨析辨析】voice voice，soundsound，noisenoise与与shoutshout四者都可以表示四者都可以表示
13、“声音声音”，区别如下：，区别如下：voicevoice指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音，也可指鸟鸣声。指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音，也可指鸟鸣声。I didnt recognize her voice on the telephone.I didnt recognize her voice on the telephone.在电话里，我没听出她的声音。在电话里，我没听出她的声音。soundsound泛指人们听到的大自然的任何泛指人们听到的大自然的任何“声音声音”。可以指人和动物的。可以指人和动物的声音，也可以指物体碰撞发出的声音等。声音，也可以指物体碰撞发出的声音等。Sound tr
14、avels slower than light.Sound travels slower than light.声音比光传播得慢。声音比光传播得慢。noisenoise指人们不愿听到的、不悦耳的指人们不愿听到的、不悦耳的“噪音噪音”，如嘈杂声、喧哗声、，如嘈杂声、喧哗声、吵闹声等。吵闹声等。There is so much noise in this restaurantThere is so much noise in this restaurant，I can hardly hear I can hardly hear you talking.you talking.这个餐厅太吵了，我几乎
15、听不到你说话。这个餐厅太吵了，我几乎听不到你说话。shoutshout指人或动物的叫喊，也可指予以警告或引起注意而发出的叫指人或动物的叫喊，也可指予以警告或引起注意而发出的叫喊。喊。SuddenlySuddenly，the patient raised a shout of pain.the patient raised a shout of pain.突然，病人发出痛苦的叫声。突然，病人发出痛苦的叫声。3 3LaterLater，the same gift may be the same gift may be givengiven_ _awayaway to someone else.to
16、 someone else.以后，这份礼物或许会被赠送给别人。以后，这份礼物或许会被赠送给别人。(Unit 8)(Unit 8)这是一个含有情态动词这是一个含有情态动词maymay的被动语态的句子，其中的被动语态的句子，其中give awaygive away是固定是固定短语，意为短语，意为“赠送；分发赠送；分发”。如：。如：Mr.Brown often gives away money to the poor.Mr.Brown often gives away money to the poor.布朗先生经常把钱分给穷人。布朗先生经常把钱分给穷人。【拓展拓展】give give构成的短语：构
17、成的短语：give up give up 放弃；中止放弃；中止give ingive in让步；屈服让步；屈服give out give out 分发；发出分发；发出(气体、光、热等气体、光、热等)give back give back 归还归还My father has given up drinking.My father has given up drinking.我父亲已经戒酒了。我父亲已经戒酒了。The sun gives out light and heat.The sun gives out light and heat.太阳发出光和热。太阳发出光和热。4 4In the USA
18、In the USA，some people ask their families and friends to some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity give money to charity ratherrather_ _thanthan buy them gifts.buy them gifts.在美国，一些人要求家人和朋友把钱捐给慈善机构而不是给他们买礼在美国，一些人要求家人和朋友把钱捐给慈善机构而不是给他们买礼物。物。(Unit 8)(Unit 8)rather thanrather t
19、han是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：rather thanrather than与与wouldwould连用时，构成连用时，构成“would rather.than.”“would rather.than.”句句式，意为式，意为“宁愿宁愿而不愿而不愿”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。如：一。如：I would rather stay at home than go to the park.I would rather stay at home than go to the park.我宁愿待在家里，也
20、不愿去公园。我宁愿待在家里，也不愿去公园。rather thanrather than不与不与wouldwould连用时，表示客观事实，意为连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是是而不而不是是；与其；与其不如不如”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词容词、介词(短语短语)、动名词、分句、不定式等。如：、动名词、分句、不定式等。如：He is an explorer rather than a sailor.He is an explorer rather than a sailor.与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。与其说他是一个海员，不如说他
21、是一个探险者。rather thanrather than后可跟带后可跟带toto或不带或不带toto的不定式。的不定式。rather thanrather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather rather thanthan前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。如：前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。如：You rather than I are going to the zoo.You rather than I are going to the zoo.是你而不是我要去动物园。是你而不是我要去动物园。5 5InsteadI
22、nstead，making a meal is enough.making a meal is enough.相反，做顿饭已经足够了。相反，做顿饭已经足够了。(Unit 8)(Unit 8)instead instead advadv.意为意为“代替；取而代之的是代替；取而代之的是”，在句中充当状语，常，在句中充当状语，常用在句末。如：用在句末。如：He didnt travel to DalianHe didnt travel to Dalian，but went to Hangzhou instead.but went to Hangzhou instead.他没有去大连旅行，反而去了杭州
23、。他没有去大连旅行，反而去了杭州。【辨析辨析】instead instead与与instead ofinstead ofinsteadinstead意为意为“代替代替”，是副词。在句中作状语，通常位于句尾。，是副词。在句中作状语，通常位于句尾。位于句首时常用逗号与后面隔开，在顺接句子中作位于句首时常用逗号与后面隔开，在顺接句子中作“代替代替”讲，而在转折讲，而在转折句子中作句子中作“然而然而”讲。讲。instead ofinstead of是介词短语，其后要接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。用是介词短语，其后要接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。用instead ofinstead of时，时，ofof后面
24、的事情是不去做的。后面的事情是不去做的。He is too tired to goHe is too tired to go；let me go instead.let me go instead.他太累了，去不了，让我去吧。他太累了，去不了，让我去吧。We went there on foot instead of taking a bus.We went there on foot instead of taking a bus.我们没乘公交车，而是步行去了那儿。我们没乘公交车，而是步行去了那儿。有时二者可以进行转换。如：有时二者可以进行转换。如：She went swimming ins
25、tead of playing tennis.She went swimming instead of playing tennis.She didnt play tennis.She went swimming instead.She didnt play tennis.She went swimming instead.她去游泳了，而没有打网球。她去游泳了，而没有打网球。6 6This kind of contest This kind of contest encouragesencourages people in China people in China toto speak sp
26、eak English.English.这种比赛鼓励中国人讲英语。这种比赛鼓励中国人讲英语。(Unit 8)(Unit 8)encourage sb.to do encourage sb.to do sthsth.意为意为“鼓励某人干某事鼓励某人干某事”。如：。如：PeterPeter，my English teachermy English teacher，never fails to encourage us to never fails to encourage us to study hard.study hard.我的英文老师彼得总是鼓励我们要好好学习。我的英文老师彼得总是鼓励我们要
27、好好学习。【拓展拓展】courage courage n n勇气；胆量；勇气；胆量；encouraged encouraged adjadj.受鼓舞的；受鼓舞的；encouraging encouraging adjadj.鼓舞人心的鼓舞人心的encourage sb.in encourage sb.in sthsth.在某方面鼓励某人在某方面鼓励某人My parents always encourage me in my study.My parents always encourage me in my study.父母总是在学业方面鼓励我。父母总是在学业方面鼓励我。八年级下八年级下(78
28、单元单元)(训练时间：训练时间：60分钟分值：分钟分值：100分分)基础知识过关基础知识过关一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词一、根据句意及首字母提示完成单词(8(8分分)1 1It is p_ to say“Please”when you ask for something.It is p_ to say“Please”when you ask for something.2 2Whats the difference between the AWhats the difference between the A_ elephants and elephants and African ele
29、phants?African elephants?3 3I can not I can not a a_youyou to do that.to do that.4 4Be cBe c_ that you dont drop it.that you dont drop it.5 5This letter is This letter is p_p_,_and_and I dont want anyone else to I dont want anyone else to read it.read it.olitesianllowarefulersonal6 6Is there anythin
30、g sIs there anything s_ in the papers today?in the papers today?7 7We rWe r_ much help from our teacher.much help from our teacher.8 8I cant decide which one to cI cant decide which one to c_.二、根据汉语提示完成句子二、根据汉语提示完成句子(14(14分分)1 1她请求邻居把收音机关小点声。她请求邻居把收音机关小点声。She asked her neighbor to She asked her neig
31、hbor to _ _ the radio.the radio.2 2孩子们在海边捡到许多贝壳。孩子们在海边捡到许多贝壳。The children The children _ _ many sea shells at the seashore.many sea shells at the seashore.3 3起初我不知道怎样做，但渐渐地我就习惯了。起初我不知道怎样做，但渐渐地我就习惯了。pecialeceivedhooseturn down picked up_ _ _ I didnt know how to do it.By and by I have got I didnt know
32、 how to do it.By and by I have got used to it.used to it.4 4我们得谨慎，免得让人听见。我们得谨慎，免得让人听见。We must We must _ _ to let nobody hear about this.to let nobody hear about this.5 5我从来没听过这样的事。我从来没听过这样的事。I never I never _ such a thing.such a thing.6 6这位老教师把他的全部藏书捐送给了学校。这位老教师把他的全部藏书捐送给了学校。The old teacher The old
33、teacher _ all his books to the school.all his books to the school.7 7他太累，在汽车里睡着了。他太累，在汽车里睡着了。He was so tired that he He was so tired that he _ in the car.in the car.At first take careheard of gave awayfell asleep三、句型转换三、句型转换(10(10分分)1 1Could you pick up the paperCould you pick up the paper？(改为同义句改为同
34、义句)_ up the paper?up the paper?2 2Would you mind wearing that old hatWould you mind wearing that old hat？(改为否定句改为否定句)Would you mind Would you mind _ that old hat?that old hat?3 3Why dont you get her a scarfWhy dont you get her a scarf？(改为同义句改为同义句)_ get her a scarf?get her a scarf?4 4I should get my
35、mother I should get my mother somesome_ _flowersflowers on Mothers Day.(on Mothers Day.(就画就画线部分提问线部分提问)_ you you _ your mother on Mothers Day?your mother on Mothers Day?Would you mind pickingnot wearingWhy notWhat shouldget5 5Betty was so angry that she couldnt say a word.(Betty was so angry that sh
36、e couldnt say a word.(改为同义改为同义句句)Betty was Betty was _ angry angry _ say a word.say a word.综合能力提高综合能力提高一、单项选择一、单项选择(10(10分分)1 1Would you mind my smoking here?Would you mind my smoking here?_ Its not allowed here._ Its not allowed here.A AOf course not.BOf course not.BBetter not.Better not.C CYes,ple
37、ase.DYes,please.DNo,not at all.No,not at all.【解析解析】考查交际用语。由答语考查交际用语。由答语“这儿不允许。这儿不允许。”可知，可知，tooto回答是否定的。故用回答是否定的。故用Better not.Better not.意思是意思是“最好不要。最好不要。”【答案答案】B B2 2(2011(2011清远清远)I want to watch the basketball)I want to watch the basketball match.Wouldmatch.Would you you please _ the TV?please _ t
38、he TV?A Aturn on Bturn on Bturn offturn offC Cturn down Dturn down Dturn upturn up【解析解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意为考查动词词组辨析。句意为“我想看篮球赛，请打开电视，好我想看篮球赛，请打开电视，好吗？吗？”“”“打开打开”为为turn onturn on。【答案答案】A A3 3Would you please bring your CDs bought in Hong Kong to Would you please bring your CDs bought in Hong Kong to me tomo
39、rrow?Id like to have a look.me tomorrow?Id like to have a look._.I will introduce something to you._.I will introduce something to you.A ANot at all BNot at all BNo problemNo problemC CNo way DNo way DNever mindNever mind【解析解析】考查交际用语。由答语考查交际用语。由答语“我将向你作一些介绍。我将向你作一些介绍。”可知，答可知，答语是肯定的，故用语是肯定的，故用No prob
40、lem.No problem.意为意为“没问题。没问题。”【答案答案】B B4 4This box is _ heavy for me to carry.Can you This box is _ heavy for me to carry.Can you help me?help me?Certainly.Certainly.A Aso Bso Bmuch much C Cvery Dvery Dtootoo【解析解析】考查考查too.to.too.to.的用法。的用法。too.to.too.to.表示表示“太太而不而不能能”。句意为。句意为“这箱子太重了我搬不动，你能帮我吗？这箱子太重了我
41、搬不动，你能帮我吗？”“”“当然可以。当然可以。”【答案答案】D D5 5Jenny,please _ your young sister carefully.Jenny,please _ your young sister carefully.OK,Mum.OK,Mum.A Atake after take after B Btake care of take care of C Ctake fromtake from【解析解析】考查固定短语。考查固定短语。take care oftake care of意为意为“照看，照顾照看，照顾”。句意为。句意为“杰尼，请小心照看你的妹妹。杰尼，请小心
42、照看你的妹妹。”“”“好的，妈妈。好的，妈妈。”故选故选B B。【答案答案】B B6 6(2011(2011贵阳贵阳)“For your coming vacation)“For your coming vacation，why _ why _ coming to Guiyangcoming to Guiyang？”“Good idea”“Good idea！”A Anot consider not consider B Bdont considerdont considerC Cto considerto consider【解析解析】这里考查的是这里考查的是why not dowhy not
43、 do结构，结构，B B和和C C选项的结构都是错的。选项的结构都是错的。【答案答案】A A7 7(2011(2011广安广安)Do you mind my opening the window?)Do you mind my opening the window?_.Please do it now._.Please do it now.A AOf course not Of course not B BYesYes，I do I do C CCertainlyCertainly【解析解析】考查情境交际。根据句意考查情境交际。根据句意“我打开窗户你介意吗？我打开窗户你介意吗？”“当然当然不介
44、意。打开就行不介意。打开就行”。A A是委婉的回答。是委婉的回答。【答案答案】A A8 8(2011(2011安顺安顺)Dinner is)Dinner is ready.Helpready.Help yourself!yourself!WowWow！It _ It _ delicious.Coulddelicious.Could you please tell me how to you please tell me how to cook it?cook it?A Atastes Btastes Blooks Clooks Csounds Dsounds Dfeelsfeels【解析解析】
45、考查词义辨析。根据句意考查词义辨析。根据句意“你能告诉我怎样做的吗？你能告诉我怎样做的吗？”说明说明它应该尝起来非常美味。它应该尝起来非常美味。【答案答案】A A9 9_ listening and speaking more,we have many other _ listening and speaking more,we have many other ways to improve our English.ways to improve our English.A ABesides BBesides BExcept CExcept CBut DBut DForFor【解析解析】考查词
46、义辨析。考查词义辨析。besides“besides“除了除了之外，还有之外，还有”；except“except“除了除了”，but“but“但是但是”；for“for“为了为了”。故选。故选A A。【答案答案】A A1010(2011(2011哈尔滨哈尔滨)English people cant give up hamburgers or)English people cant give up hamburgers or fried chicken because theyre fried chicken because theyre delicious.Howeverdelicious.H
47、owever，the French are the French are changing.Theychanging.They arent interested in _ food like before.arent interested in _ food like before.A Afast Bfast Bhealthy Chealthy Cnaturalnatural【解析解析】考查形容词辨析。句意为考查形容词辨析。句意为“英国人依然留恋汉堡和炸鸡，因英国人依然留恋汉堡和炸鸡，因为它们非常美味。而法国人在改变。他们不再像从前那样对快餐感兴趣为它们非常美味。而法国人在改变。他们不再像从前
48、那样对快餐感兴趣了。了。”故选故选A A。【答案答案】A A二、完形填空二、完形填空(30(30分分)(2011(2011宁波宁波)When I was about 12 years old)When I was about 12 years old，I really wanted a I really wanted a new bikenew bike！I _I _1 1_ my parents my birthday wish_ my parents my birthday wish，but I knew there but I knew there was little hope bec
49、ause my family could _was little hope because my family could _2 2_ have that money._ have that money.On my birthday my parents told me they had my _On my birthday my parents told me they had my _3 3_ outside _ outside in the in the backyard.Atbackyard.At once I _ once I _4 4_ out to the yard._ out
50、to the yard.There was my bikeThere was my bike，_5 5_it wasnt the bike that I thought it _it wasnt the bike that I thought it would would be.Thisbe.This one was pink one was pink，old and worn with old and worn with age.Itage.It was so was so _6 6_！I thought I _I thought I _7 7_ my parents feelings be
