1、高考资源网（ ） 您身边的高考专家 版权所有高考资源网 - 1 - 专题限时检测专题限时检测(十九十九) 阅读理解阅读理解 B 篇保分练篇保分练(二二) (共 4 篇，限时 28 分钟) A (2019 南京、盐城模拟)That competition keeps prices down is well known. But it is hard to measure by just how much, because prices vary for all sorts of reasons, from differences in labour costs and rents to taxe
2、s. Rising to the challenge is a new paper in The Economic Journal by Giacomo Calzolari, Andrea Ichino, Francesco Manaresi and Viki Nellas，economists at the European University Institute, Bologna University and the Italian central bank. They looked at pharmacies (药 房) and specifically at customers wh
3、o may be particularly easy to rip off: new parents. Using data for 2007 to 2010 covering about a fifth of pharmacies in Italy, the researchers measured the way in which prices of hygiene products for babies changed as the number of babies varied. They took advantage of a peculiar law from the 1960s,
4、 according to which regions with at most 7,500 people are allowed just one pharmacy (supposedly to keep the quality of services high). They compared prices in places with populations just below this threshold, and just above. The products studied included some 3,000 varieties of shampoos, bath foams
5、, baby wipes, creams and so on. Many are also used by adults on themselves. Some people, for example, prefer suncream labelled “for children” because of its high level of protection. When raising prices for these products, even a pharmacist with a monopoly (垄断) must consider the risk that adult user
6、s will switch to products that are not aimed at children. But a rise in the number of babies, and hence buyers who are parents, could tip_the_scales_towards price increases. By contrast, the pharmacist should already be charging as much as parents are willing to pay for products without adult users,
7、 such as nappies. The scholars found that pharmacists raised prices when there were more new parents but only in regions with a single pharmacy, and not for nappies. In monopoly areas a doubling of the number of babies from one month to the next (not unusual in a small population) coincided with a 5
8、% increase in the price of the basket of baby- hygiene products. The study is timely. Italys government has started to loosen some of the many restrictions that stop competition in the pharmacy sector (though not yet the one that the researchers relied on). But such regulations are plentiful in many
9、 other lines of business, and not just in Italy. The consumers who pay the price are often those who find it hardest to travel to shop around for example, people with crying babies on their hands. 语篇解读：研究人员发现竞争有利于降低价格。但是在一些人口比较少，只有一家垄断的药 店的地方，儿童用药价格就比较高，所以文章建议政府放宽医药行业准入门槛，多增加一些 药店，这样可以减轻新手父母的负担。 1Wh
10、ats the purpose of the study? ATo review the function of the special law for pharmacies. 高考资源网（ ） 您身边的高考专家 版权所有高考资源网 - 2 - BTo make clear the relation between competition and prices. CTo collect the information on pharmacy business in Italy. DTo gather the data on hygiene products for babies in Ital
11、y. 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“That competition keeps prices down is well known. But it is hard to measure by just how much .”可知，大家都知道竞争会导致价格下降， 但是很难具体测量竞争到底影响了多少价格，所以研究的目的是为了搞清楚竞争和价格之 间的关系。 2The underlined phrase“tip the scales”in Paragraph 3 means “_” Apush the move Bkeep the level Ccontrol the rise D
12、break the balance 解析：选 A 词义猜测题。根据本文的主题以及常识可知婴儿多了，家长(要扩大购买)会推 动价格上涨。画线词意为“推动价格上涨”，A 项与之表达的意思一致，故选 A。 3The governments new measures will greatly benefit _. Apharmacy owners Blocal merchants Cnew parents Dadult users 解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，怀抱婴儿的家长不方便到远的地方 去买儿童药品，所以在药店比较少的地方容易被欺诈。放宽一些禁止医药行业竞争的政策， 同一个地
13、方会有更多的药店，有利于降低药价，所以刚做父母的人会受益。 B (2019 南通七市模拟)We all have defining moments in our lives meaningful experiences that stand out in our memory. Many of them owe a great deal to chance: a lucky encounter (相遇) with someone who becomes the love of your life. A new teacher who spots a talent you didnt know
14、you had. These moments seem to be the product of fate or luck. We cant control them. But is that true? Not necessarily. Defining moments shape our lives, but we dont have to wait for them to happen. We can be the authors of them. It is possible to create defining moments if we understand more about
15、them. Our research shows that they all share a set of common elements. We start by asking: why do we remember certain experiences and forget others? In the case of big days, such as weddings, the answer is pretty clear its a celebration that is grand in scale and rich in emotion. No surprise that it
16、s more memorable than a maths lesson. But for other experiences in life from holidays to work projects its not so clear why we remember what we do. Consider an experiment in which participants were asked to submerge (浸入) their hands for 60 seconds in buckets filled with 14 water. (Remember 14 water
17、feels much colder than 14 air.) They were then asked to submerge their hands for 90 seconds instead of 60, but during the final 30 seconds, the water warmed up to 15. The participants were then given a choice: would you rather repeat the first trial or the second? 高考资源网（ ） 您身边的高考专家 版权所有高考资源网 - 3 - P
18、sychologists have explained the reasons for this puzzling result. When people assess an experience, they tend to forget or ignore its length. Instead they seem to rate the experience based on two key moments: the best or worst moment, known as the peak, and the ending. In the participants memories,
19、what stood out for them was that the longer trial ended more comfortably than the shorter one. So when we assess our experiences, we dont average our minute- by- minute feelings. Rather, we tend to remember flagship moments: the peaks, the pits (低谷) and the transitions. What we dont remember are the
20、 bits in between sometimes there is little to distinguish one week from the next. Partly this is because there may be only a dozen moments in your life that show who you are those are big defining moments. But there are smaller experiences, too, in the context of a memorable holiday, romantic date o
21、r work achievement. Once we understand how we remember certain moments and why, we can start to create more moments that matter. 语篇解读：本文主要阐述了人生的关键时刻最容易被记住，对一个人的影响也是最大的。对 于这些关键的时刻，我们不应被动地等，而是可以积极地去创造的。 4How does the author understand defining moments? AWe can create defining moments in our lives. BDe
22、fining moments are just out of our control. CNo similarities exist between defining moments. DDefining moments consist of smaller experiences. 解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第四、五句“We can be the authors of them. It is possible to create defining moments if we understand more about them.”可知，作者认 为决定性的时刻不必等待，
23、我们自己可以创造这样的时刻。 5We can learn from the experiment that _. Athe striking moments are more likely to be remembered Bthe length of an experience determines our memory of it Cit is meaningful to distinguish the pits in between flagship moments Dall the components of an experience should be equally rememb
24、ered 解析： 选 A 细节理解题。 根据第五段第三句“Rather, we tend to remember flagship moments: the peaks, the pits (低谷) and the transitions.”可知，我们倾向于记住最重要的时刻：人生巅 峰、低谷和转折点。the striking moments 与 flagship moments 含义一致，都是指人生最重要 的时刻。 6What would probably be discussed in the following part of the text? AWhat to prepare for
25、lifes trials. BWhy to create defining moments. CWhom to owe our good fates to. 高考资源网（ ） 您身边的高考专家 版权所有高考资源网 - 4 - DHow to create lifes big moments. 解析：选 D 推理判断题。最后一段指出当我们知道了如何记住那些确定的时刻，我们就 可以去创造更多重要的时刻，由此可推测，接下来就应该要说怎么去创造重要的时刻。 C (2019 南京模拟)Like a lot of healthcare professionals, Dr. Brian Goldman fi
26、nds it extremely difficult to draw boundaries between his work and personal lives.“Theres this view that you should suck it up and do one more thing， ” says the ER physician and host of CBCs White Coat, Black Art. But that “one more thing” often comes at Goldmans expense. “Youre exhausted and a pati
27、ent or their family look at you with begging eyes， ” he says.“So you have this dilemma: say that your shift is over or give until youre totally spent？” Goldmans work stress combined with family tension after his mother was diagnosed with dementia 20 years ago. Caring for her over a decade was diffic
28、ult, as was dealing with his fathers grief.“When someone else is drowning you, you have to grab a life preserver and save yourself， ” says Goldman. Setting boundaries isnt just important for busy professionals; everyone can benefit from managing situations that cause undue stress or pain. Here are s
29、ome tips. First，“If someones behavior makes you unhappy and it could be anything from the way they speak to you to repeatedly failing to stick to their promise then theres room to set limits，” says Patrick Keelan, a Calgary psychologist. We often avoid setting limits because we prioritize the happin
30、ess and comfort of others over ours. In order to control this_impulse,_Goldman suggests framing the development of boundaries as a form of self- kindness. When facing an overwhelming situation like the one he was in with his father, Goldman suggests reflecting on what is making you feel uncomfortabl
31、e, unhappy or unappreciated.“You cant relate to others or be kind to others if you arent kind to yourself，” he says. Second, once youve become aware of your needs, setting and maintaining boundaries requires clear verbal communication. There are three obstacles to enforcing boundaries in a relations
32、hip: fear, guilt and selfdoubt, says psychologist Nicole McCance. We often fear that if we set limits, the other person will reject us, or we feel bad claiming our needs. Keelan proposes setting ground rules before relationships become tense. Start by cooperatively listing values like mutual respect
33、, support, and loyalty and then building the guidelines from these values. If youre struggling to reach a consensus, Keelan recommends engaging a third party, such as a therapist, to help. Now, if you want a boundary to stick to, you cant enable someone in breaking it. As such, its crucial to establ
34、ish consequences for transgressions (越轨). Otherwise, McCance says，“youre giving them permission to violate that boundary.” If they wont respect your boundaries, you have to do some soul- searching about the value of the relationship.“When you feel bad more than you feel good in this persons presence
35、, and when the relationship is impacting your selfworth and happiness, its time to reassess， ”says McCance. Saying no is hard, but she suggests framing it as saying yes to 高考资源网（ ） 您身边的高考专家 版权所有高考资源网 - 5 - healthier relationships.“Were all better mothers and partners and brothers when we have bounda
36、ries.” 语篇解读：本文主要讨论了设定必要的界限的重要性，并且就如何设定界限提出了几点建议。 7What do we know about Goldman? AHe is in need of support in his work. BHe is caught between his work and life. CHe slides into the state of desperation. DHe always puts his family at the first place. 解析：选 B 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Like a lot of healthcare pro
37、fessionals, Dr. Brian Goldman finds it extremely difficult to draw boundaries between his work and personal lives.”可 知，像许多医疗保健专业人士一样，布莱恩 戈德曼博士发现很难在工作和个人生活之间划 清界限，即他被困在工作和生活之间。 8What do the underlined words “this impulse” in Paragraph 4 refer to? APrioritizing others happiness. BAvoiding setting limi
38、ts. CFailing to stick to their promise. DFraming the development of boundaries. 解析：选 A 词义猜测题。画线部分 this impulse 意为“这种冲动”，this 指代前一句提到 的“we prioritize the happiness and comfort of others over ours”。 9Whats the best title of the passage? ADo communicate BDo not cross CIdentify your limits DSay no and m
39、ean it 解析：选 B 标题归纳题。文章一开始谈到医疗保健专业人士布莱恩 戈德曼博士发现很难 在工作和个人生活之间划清界限。第二段举例说明这样做的危害。第一段和第二段都可以 看成导入主题之前的铺垫。 第三段提出文章的主题， 即“Setting boundaries isnt just important for busy professionals; everyone can benefit from managing situations that cause undue stress or pain.”接下去几段的内容就如何设定界限提出了几点建议。所以“Do not cross”能够概
40、括整篇 文章的内容，提醒人们要注意设定必要的界限，永远都不要超越这个界限。 D (2019 扬、 泰、 南、 淮、 徐、 宿、 连模拟)Researchers around the world interested in uncovering complex human disorders, such as Alzheimers disease, could soon have access to cloned monkeys with genomes that have been edited to display these conditions in China. On 24 Janua
41、ry, scientists at the Institute of Neuroscience (ION) in Shanghai reported that they had used gene- editing to disable a gene in monkeys that is crucial to their sleepwake cycle. The scientists then cloned one of those monkeys to produce five primates (灵长目动物) with almost 高考资源网（ ） 您身边的高考专家 版权所有高考资源网
42、- 6 - identical (相同的) genes. It is the first time that researchers have cloned a gene- edited monkey. Primates are the best animal model for studying higher cognitive (认知的) functions and brain disorders in humans, says neuroscientist Muming Poo, IONs director and cofounder of the new 720 million yua
43、n (US D|S106 million) centre. The advantage of creating cloned monkeys is that it reduces the number of animals needed for certain types of experiments, such as testing whether a drug works. But some scientists think that experiments using monkeys should be a last approach because of their higher le
44、vels of cognition. Mitchell Lazar, who studies metabolic disease at the University of Pennsylvania, says that some experiments in mice for example, research into the genes behind human diseases are equally appropriate scientifically as in primates. Research in mice is also more accepted by the publi
45、c, and the animals are cheaper and quicker to produce. Lazar worries that if scientists have ready access to populations of gene- edited monkeys, they might use them for experiments when rodents (啮齿动物) would do. Poo says that mice are not a good substitute for studying higher cognitive functions and
46、 brain disorders in humans. He argues that cloning will reduce the burden on monkeys by cutting the number used in labs. The ION follows strict international guidelines for animal research, he says. Poos team will continue to study the effect of gene editing on their five cloned monkeys. The group d
47、isabled a gene, BMAL1, that has a crucial role in maintaining circadian rhythm (生理节奏), the internal clock that helps a healthy sleepwake cycle. In people, BMAL1 mutations have been linked to diabetes, hypertension and depression. The monkeys with the disabled BMAL1 genes move more at night and sleep less overall. They also display psychosis- related symptoms, such as fear and anxiety, when put in unfamiliar environments. The teams next step is to look in detail at the neural (神经的) mechanisms that might create these problems. It will also take ad
