1、UNIT 4 Words and ExpressionsConfucius 孔子Mencius孟子Temple of Confucius 孔庙Cemetery of Confucius 墓地 孔林Kong Family Mansion 孔府philosophy哲学philosopher 哲学家philo -love sophy -wise descendant 后代；子孙ancestor 祖先；祖宗descend-antapplicant 申请人 merchant 商人 giant 巨人 immigrant 移民assistant 助手descend v.下降The plane began t
2、o descend.individual adj.单独的：个别的 n.个人in -divide(分)ual(形容词后缀)不能再分了1)An idiom is an expression which means something different from the meaning of the individual words.2)The museum is open to both teams and individuals.阿喀琉斯阿喀琉斯,是凡人英雄是凡人英雄珀琉斯珀琉斯和海洋女神和海洋女神忒忒t提斯提斯的爱子。忒提斯为了让儿子炼成的爱子。忒提斯为了让儿子炼成“金钟罩金钟罩”,在他刚在
3、他刚出生时就将其倒提着浸进冥河。遗憾的是出生时就将其倒提着浸进冥河。遗憾的是,阿喀琉阿喀琉斯被母亲捏住的脚后跟却不慎露在水外斯被母亲捏住的脚后跟却不慎露在水外,在全身留在全身留下了唯一一处下了唯一一处“死穴死穴”。后来。后来,阿喀琉斯被帕里斯一阿喀琉斯被帕里斯一箭射中脚踝而死去。后人常以箭射中脚踝而死去。后人常以“阿喀琉斯之踵阿喀琉斯之踵”譬譬喻这样一个道理：即使是再强大的英雄，也有致命喻这样一个道理：即使是再强大的英雄，也有致命的死穴或软肋。的死穴或软肋。Achilles heel 阿喀琉斯的脚跟阿喀琉斯的脚跟/之踵之踵zhng kingdom kdm:n.王国王国;领域领域emperor
4、皇帝empire 帝国king:国王国王 queen:女王女王;王后王后prince:王子王子;王孙王孙;亲王亲王princess:公主公主;王妃王妃The United KingdomWhat are the four countries of the United Kingdom?chief tif:adj.最重要的最重要的;最高级别的最高级别的 n.(公司或机构的公司或机构的)首领首领;酋长酋长(复数复数:chiefs)main/major:adj.主要的主要的 the chief problem/reason:主要问题主要问题/原因原因(理由理由)CEO =Chief Executiv
5、e OfficerAccording to the text,what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country?puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使迷惑 be puzzled about sth 对某事迷惑不解 puzzling:adj.令人迷惑的/困惑的 puzzled:adj.(人感到)困惑的;迷惑不解的a word puzzle:puzzle about/over sth.苦苦思考字谜1)What puzzles him is why that movie is so popular.2)
6、The scientist is puzzled about these problems.3)She had a puzzled look on her face.nearby adv.在附近在附近 adj.附近的附近的;邻近的邻近的(常在名词前常在名词前)be near to.:距距.近近be far from.:距距.远远Her mother lives in a nearby town.Her mother lives in a town nearby.她妈妈住在附近的小镇。join.to 把连接或联结起来 =connect.tojoin the army/club 参军/参加俱乐部j
7、oin in 参加(活动、小型比赛)In the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱The thief tried to the policeman,but he failed.He is trying to the bad habit,which makes his parents happy.Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland
8、the UK,which resulted in the full namewe have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱打断；插嘴说；闯入破门而入(战争)爆发；(火灾)突然发生分解；解散；(关系等)破裂损坏；发生故障；累垮break inbreak into break out break down break的短语的短语break up 1.If you go on working like that,you will _ soo
9、ner or later.2.A fire _ in this hotel last night and three people were killed.3.With so many problems settled,a few countries wanted to _ the Union.4.In my opinion,marriage based on money is likely to _.break downbreak out break away from break up belong to 属于属于;是是的成员的成员 (不能用于进行时态和被动语态不能用于进行时态和被动语态)
10、belong bl:v.应在应在(某处某处);适应适应 belongings n(pl.)财产；所有物The future belongs to the well-educated.Paper-cutting,with a history of 1,500 years,belongs to traditional art in China.as well as 同(一样也)；和；还 在句型“as well as/together with/along with/with/rather than 谓语动词其他”中，谓谓语动词和语动词和A保持一致保持一致，即“就远原则就远原则”1)The man,
11、as well as his three children,is going out for hiking this weekend.2)The headmaster together/along with the teachers is discussing this big problem.currency 货币；通币货币；通币military defence 军事力量军事力量military training 军训军训他们上个月军训了。他们上个月军训了。paper currency 纸币 money:n.钱 cash:n.现金 bill/note:n.纸币 coin:n.硬币They h
12、ad their military training last month.military mltri:adj.军事的军事的;军用的军用的 defence dfens:n.防御防御;保卫保卫in defence 保卫；防守in defence of.为了保卫.defend v.defend sb./sth.form/against 保卫.defensive adj 防御的defenceless adj.不能自卫的legal li:l:adj.法律的;合法的legally:adv.法律上;合法地illegal li:gl:adj.不合法的;违法的law:n.法律【in-im-un-dis-le
13、ss il-】For example,England,Wales,Scotland,and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.surroundings npl 周围的环境 surround vt.围绕；包围be surrounded by/with 被包围surround.with.用包围surround vt.surrounding adj.周边的 in.surroundings 在.环境之中 evidence n.证据;证明We have no evidence to suppor
14、t the case.【不可数名词不可数名词】achievement n.成就；成绩；达到achieve vachieve ones success 取得成功achieve ones goal达到目标a sense of achievement 成就感 1)It is a suitable for a new airport.2)The factory at the foot of a hill.location lken:n.地方地方;地点地点;位置位置 locate:v.使位于使位于;确定准确地点确定准确地点be located in/at/to:位于位于;坐落在坐落在 location
15、is located适当形式填空 conquer kk(r):v.占领占领;征服征服;控制控制 battle btl:n.战役战役;搏斗搏斗 v.搏斗搏斗;奋斗奋斗The man battled against cancer for four years.I believe that we can conquer cancer in the near future.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的fascinate vt.深深吸引，迷住.Guilin is the most fascinating place that I have ever been to.charge
16、t:d:v.收费收费;指控指控;主管主管;充电充电 n.收收费费;主管主管;be in charge of:负责负责;主管主管be in the charge of:由由负责负责/主管主管1)Our class is in the charge of Mr.Xu.2)Mr.Xu is in charge of our class.free of charge:免费免费get charged:受指控受指控;充电充电charge sb.with:指控指控 amount n金额；数量quantity:数量数量 quality:质量质量1)We found ourselves very surpris
17、ed by the large number of visitors and the amount of noise at the entrance of the national Gallery.2)He has a large amount of/large amounts of work to do every day.a large amount of+不可数名词不可数名词 +单动单动large amounts of +不可数名词不可数名词 +复动复动1)A large amount of water has been polluted.2)Large amounts of water
18、 have been polluted.announce v.宣布宣布;通知通知;声称声称announcement:n.通告通告;宣告宣告announcer 广播员；播音员The government announced that they would build a new highway to the mountain.以-ment 为后缀的名词achieve achievementdevelop developmentequip equipmentestablish establishmentemploy employmentinvest investmentapproach n.方法方
19、法;途途径径;接近接近;道路道路 v.接近接近;靠近；靠近；着手处理着手处理;We will explore different approaches to gathering information.With our summer vacation approaching,an approach to(doing)sth.a way of doing/to do sth.by means ofWith the method ofensure v.保证保证;确保确保;担保担保Please ensure/make sure that all the lights are turned off w
20、hen you leave the hall.deepen darken broaden softenwiden weakenstrengthen frightenlengthen heightenencourageenlarge endangerenableenchaingenerous 慷慨的；大方的be generous with sth.在某方面大方be generous to sb.Its generous of sb.to do sth.generosity慷慨；大方generously 慷慨地；大方地1)Mary is thinking applying for the posi
21、tion.2)You should put the medicines in position.3)When I entered the office,I found all the books out of position.position v.安装安装;安置安置;使处于使处于 n.位置位置;职位职位;姿态姿态;观点观点，立场，立场in place/position 在合适的地方在合适的地方out of place/position 在不合适的地方在不合适的地方词辨析义词辨析义snack snk:n.点心;小吃;快餐;易办到的事a snack lunch:快餐午饭1)Dont have t
22、oo many snacks,or you will get fat.2)I think the work is a snack/a piece of cake for me.port 港口gallery展览馆;画廊pub酒吧winebeerwhiskybe eager to do sth.渴望做某事be eager for渴望 eager adj.热切的；渴望的热切的；渴望的 eagerness n.热切；渴望(1)Mike is eager _(stay)away from the busy city life for a while.(2)As far as I know,he is e
23、ager_ successto stayfor poet pt:n.诗人诗人 roll rl:v.(使使)翻滚翻滚;(使使)滚动滚动;n.卷卷(轴轴);翻滚翻滚;a roll of paper/cloth:一卷纸/一匹布The woman rolled up/down the window.dot dt:n.点点;小小(圆圆)点点 v.加点加点;遍布遍布The countryside was dotted with small villages.乡间有星罗棋布的小村庄 poem pm:n.诗;诗歌(可数名词)poetry ptri:n.诗集;诗歌;诗作Rock N Roll cattle kt
24、l:n.牛牛(牛的总称牛的总称)(集合名词集合名词)注：cattle:集合名词,前面不能加 a,词尾也不可加s。常和many,these,those,the等连用。用作主语时,句子的谓语动词多用复数。a head of cattle:一头牛 eighty head of cattle:80头牛 cow:n.母牛;奶牛 ox:公牛(复数:oxen)bull:公牛 roarDont roar at your parents.scent sent:n.气味气味;气息气息send -sent -sent:派遣派遣;发送发送smell:n.气味气味;臭味臭味 v.闻闻;嗅嗅;闻起臭闻起臭The air
25、is filled with the scent of wild flowers.greet rit:v.问候问候;迎接迎接 a greeting card:贺卡She greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived at her courtyard.greeting:n.招呼;迎接;祝词 What words does the writer use to describe sensory details?sensory sensri:adj.感觉的感觉的;感官的感官的sense:n.感官the sense of sight/smell/hearin
26、g/touch/taste:视觉/嗅觉/听觉/触觉/味觉 sensory organs:感觉器官custom kstm:n.风俗风俗;习俗习俗;习惯习惯customs:n.海关海关;关税关税customer:n.顾客顾客;主顾主顾habit:n.习惯习惯(通常指个人的习惯通常指个人的习惯)practice:n.习惯习惯;习俗习俗;练习练习;实践实践striking strak:adj.引人注目的引人注目的;显著的显著的strike strak:罢工;侵袭;重创;打;碰撞;打动;敲钟;(钟)打点/报时 (strike -struck -struck/stricken)2)There is a s
27、triking difference betweenTom and Peter.引人注目的形象1)A striking image.区别很大。transition n.过渡，转变，变迁transit v.trans 横过，越过，转变translate 翻译 transport 运送运输 transform _transplant _ transcription _变形 移植誊写 抄写 crowd n.人群；一群人；民众 vt.挤满；使.拥挤a crowd of/crowds of:一大群;很多crowd in(on sb):(想法/问题等)涌上心头;涌入 crowd into sth:大批涌入
28、.crowded:adj.拥挤的;挤满的be crowded with.:挤满1)I want to get there early to avoid the crowds.2)A crowd of people are waiting in front of the school gate.3)Too many uncomfortable thoughts were crowding in on her.4)Millions of people have crowded into the center of the capital.5)In the spring the park is always crowded with people every day.
