1、Unit 4 Natural DisastersDiscovering useful structures定语从句课前准备：课本，学案。积累本，双色笔Live to tell:Raising Awareness,Reducing Mortality.United Nations international strategyFor Disaster Reduction(2016)1.The long cruel winter_ _ _ _(结束)at last and a gentle warm spring was coming.2.They _ _(遭受)health problems an
2、d fear the long term effects of radiation(辐射).3.On the vast fields,one sees_ _(只有)the wheat billowing in the wind.4.After the heavy flood two months ago,the whole village was left _ _(严重破坏).5.The treasure which was_ _(挖出)of the earth was a box of gold coins.6.Soon a strong wind passed through and_ _
3、(吹走)the clouds in the sky.7.If you dont know how to pronounce the word,youd better_ _ _(查阅它)in the dictionary.8._ _ _(.的数目)companies which offer college graduates jobs has increased.9._ _ _ _(成千上万的)people attended the opening ceremony in the workers stadium.10.He was still_ _(震惊)from what had happen
4、ed earlier in the afternoon.blew away look it upThe number ofTens of thousands ofin shockcame to an endsuffer from nothing but in ruins dug out1.Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below.What function do the restrictive relative clauses have?1.The Tangshan earthquake
5、 was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.2.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.3.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.4.Mr.Li is an architect whose designs for the new town have won
6、 praise.5.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.6.There were deep cracks that/which appeared in the well walls.7.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.8.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400
7、,000.9.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.10.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Describe pictures of disasters 2.Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom,or/.Then transl
8、ate the sentences into Chinese.1 Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2 The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people_ were asleep.3 The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything_ theycould find.4 Several days later,most of the building
9、s_ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.5 The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.6 The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _she was rescued.7 Is this the young boy _saved several other students trapped under buildings?whosethatthatwhich/th
10、atwhosewhichwho/thatDescribe pictures of disasters 3.Work with a partner.Take turns to ask each other about the pictures.Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that,which,who,whose,or whom.EXAMPLEA:Whats the rescue worker doing?B:Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.The
11、structure of restrictive relative clauses定义:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.先行词关系词从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,that,aswhere,when why关系代词指代从句中的成分that人/物主语/宾语/表语which物主语/宾语/表语who人主语/宾语/表语whom人宾语whose人/物定语关系代词有三个作用：1）连接作用：引导从句，把从句和它所修饰的内容连接起来；2）替代作用
12、：在从句中替代被从句所修饰的先行词；3）在从句中充当成分：作主语、宾语、表语、定语。判断定语从句的关系代词的方法：如果名词或代词后有一个句子，并且该名词或代词在句子中充当成分，则该句 子就是定语从句。主要按照以下三步来判断：1.找准先行词（定语从句前的名词或代词）。2.把先行词还原到定语从句中，看充当什么成分。3.根据先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分以及句意来选用适当的引导词。定语从句的基本用法关系代词 指代范围在从句中所作成分例句who人主语、宾语And then，how many adults，who now complain(抱怨)about the long drives to work
13、，eagerly drove for hours at a time when they first obtained their drivers licenses(执照)？whom人宾语Four days later Ann was still looking after the dog，whom they had started to call Riley.that人或物主语、宾语、表语(不引导非限制性定语从句)A plane is a machine that can fly.I dont know the man(that)you mentioned.which物主语、宾语Over t
14、he years，Ive learned to iron shirts skillfully，which gives me a sense of pride.whose人或物定语Do you know the boy whose father(the father of whom/of whom the father)is an engineer?He lives in a house whose windows(the windows of which/of which the windows)face south.情况用法说明例句只用that的情况(1)先行词为all，everything
15、，anything，nothing，little，much等不定代词时；(2)先行词被all，any，every，each，much，little，no，some，few等修饰时；(3)先行词由形容词最高级和序数词修饰时；(4)先行词既指人又指物时；(5)先行词被the only，the very修饰时。(6)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。He told me everything that he knows.All the books that you offered have been given out.This is the best film that I have ev
16、er seen.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.He is the only man that I want to see.Who is the man that is making a speech？只用which的情况在非限制性定语从句中，只用which。My cousin Tina serves as a translator，which is quite popular in some foreign business firms.关系副词指代范围在从句中所作成分例句when(at/on/in/duri
17、ngwhich)时间时间状语We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.where(at/in which)地点地点状语When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.why(forwhich)原因原因状语I dont know the reason why(for which)he was late.温馨提示(1)the way作先行词，当它在从句中充当方式状语时，其后
18、的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；(2)当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。The way(that/in which)he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(状语)比较：The way(that/which)he explained to us was quite simple.(宾语)当先行词是situation，stage，process，activity，case，condition等，且关系词在从句中作状语时，要用关系副词where，作主语、宾
19、语用which或that。A house bubble is an economic situation which occurs when house prices rise much too fast.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform where visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.先行词为occasions，当“时机”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。Occasions ar
20、e quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.定语从句区别例句as引导限制性定语从句(1)“the same.that”that修饰的名词与原物是同一个；(2)“the same.as.”as修饰的是与先行词同类型的一个东西。This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.(同一个书包)This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.(同类型的另一个)as引导限制性定语从句such/so.as.”和“such/so.that.”结构不同，as引导
21、定语从句，而that引导状语从句They talked in such simple English as children could understand.(定语从句)They talked in such simple English that children could understand it.(状语从句)as引导非限制性定语从句(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，通常先行词为整个句子，意为“正如，正像”。as引导的从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还要插入主句中。as常用于下列习惯用语中：as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样as often happe
22、ns正如经常发生的那样as has been said before正如以前所说的那样as is mentioned above正如上面提到的as is often the case情况往往是这样(2)which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，常译为“这一点，这件事”等。which从句只能位于被修饰句子的后面。The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。They won the ga
23、me，as we had expected.正如我们所预料的一样，他们赢得了比赛。The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.结果天气很好，这超出了我们的想象。分隔式定语从句先行词与关系词分隔插入式定语从句关系代词与定语从句之间有插入语省略式定语从句介词关系代词不定式介词关系副词from where/since when也可引导定语从句The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.体
24、力是你赖以生存的唯一手段的日子一去不复返了。To own a computer in families,which we thought was impossible twenty years ago,now becomes true.家里有台电脑，在20年前我们认为这是不可能的事，现在实现了。We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town.我们站在山顶上能看到全镇的景色。The poor man has no house in which to live.The poor man has no house(that
25、/which)he can live in.这个可怜的人没有房子住。【温馨提示】在英语中，有许多从句，如主语从句、同位语从句以及强调句型与定语从句有许多相似之处。因此，命题人会利用这些相似性，设置一个特定语境，来考查考生对这些易混点的辨析能力。遇到这样的问题，我们的思路就是，抓住它们各自的特征，结合语境去判断到底属于何种句型或从句。I have three cars，none of which is in good condition.(定语从句)I have three cars，but none of them is in good condition.(并列句)The suggestio
26、n(that)he came up with is practical.(定语从句，that在从句中充当宾语可省略)He gave me a suggestion that we should read aloud every morning.(同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分，但不可省略)1.关系代词的省略Hangzhou is a beautiful city(that/which)I always want to visit.（在限制性定语从句中作visit的宾语，可以省略）Hangzhou,which I visited last week,is a beautiful city.
27、（在非限制性定语从句中作visited的宾语，不可省略）2.从句中代词的重复多余The book that I read it yesterday is very interesting.（）The book that I read yesterday is very interesting.（）3.what不引导定语从句All that we need is a supply of oil.(that引导定语从句，修饰先行词all)What we need is a supply of oil.(what引导主语从句)我们需要的是石油供应。4.that不引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开）Th
28、e basketball star,who tried to make a comeback,attracted lots of attention.He has become a doctor,which he wanted to be.5.whose+n=the+n+of which=of which+the+n.名词前必须有theI live in the room whose window/the window of which/of which the window faces south.我住在窗子朝南开的房间里。6.关系代词前有介词时(介词提前).指人只用whom,指物只用whi
29、chThis is the boy with whom he talked.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.7.定语从句中的主谓一致:关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,从句谓语通常与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。one of+复数名词”谓语动词用复数形式；the(only/very)one of+复数名词”谓语动词用单数形式。He is a good student who likes to help others.They are good students who like to help others.He is one of
30、the students who were praised.他是一个受到表扬的学生之一。He is the one/the only one of the students who was praised.他是唯一一个受到表扬的学生。Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom or/.1.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the pe
31、ople _ were asleep.3.The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.4.Several days later,most of the buildings _ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.5.The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster was taken to the hospital.6.The woman wrote a tha
32、nk-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued.7.Is this young boy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings?whosewho/thatthatthat/whichwhosewhomwho选择题1.-Qingdao is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever been to.-So it is.Many international meetings are held there every year.A.that B.whi
33、ch C.what D.whom2.-Have you watched the play“In the name of People”?-Its the most popular play _ _our Partys trying to struggle against corruption（腐败）.A.where;show B.which;show C.that;shows D.who;shows 3.We are talking about the piano and the pianist _were in the concert last night.A.that B.whichC.w
34、hoD.whom4.She often parks her car near the house _ she can easily get to.A.where B.whoC.which D.what5.Id like to tell you about the table manners _ you should know when you visit France.A.which B.who C.what D.how AACAC6.What kind of movies do you prefer?I prefer the movies _ _ me something to think
35、about.A.which give B.that gives C.that gives D.who gives7.She is the girl _ brother is studying abroad.A.that B.who C.whose D.whom 8.Everyone _ is a server knows that customers always come first.A.whom B.what C.who D.which 9.You are talented young adults_ _ full of hope for the future.A.who;isB.whom
36、;isC.whom;are D.who;are10.This is a heartwarming story about a boy_ saved his mothers life.A.which B.who C.whose D.whomBACCD11.Many children,parents are working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village A.their B.whose C.them D.whom12.As a child,Jack studied in a village school,_ is named
37、after his grandfather.A.which B.where C.what D.that 13.His movie won several awards at the film festival,was beyond his wildest dream.A.whichB.that C.whereD.it14.She is one of the teachers _ _ much teaching experience.A.who;has B.who;have C.whom;has D.whom;haveBBAA用正确的关系代词填空1She never gives in to th
38、ose _ have money.2This is the best film _ has been shown so far in the city.3February is the only month _ has fewer than 30 days.4My son made notes of everything _ he read.5Will you show me the girl _ name is Wei Fang?6Please pass me the book _is lying on the table.7My grandparents like stories _ en
39、dings are happy.8Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist _ is leading a search to develop“sea rice”.9The teacher _I like best often encourages me to fight for my dream.10Jack likes being with the classmates _are outgoing and kind.11A kind of shared bike _is called bluegogo is getting more and more
40、 popular in Chengdu.who that thatthatwhosewhich/thatwhosewho/thatwho/whom/thatwho/thatthat/which12.Tu Youyou is the woman _ used the plants special power to save millions of lives.13.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.14.It is the third time that she has won the race,_ has su
41、rprised us all.15.Can you remember the scientist and his theory _ we have learned?16.Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children,_ is quite unexpected.17.Yesterday Mr.Green went to his hometown and visited the old house in _ he was born.18.The man,from_ I learned the news,is an engi
42、neer.19.Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV?20.SureIt s a great TV program _ purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into the public.21.Children _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.22.After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling,_ turned out a
43、 wise decisionwho/that whosewhichthatwhichwhichwhomwhosewhosewhich 1.supply spla 课本P52：The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.提供给灾区的物资是从全国各地募集的。（1）n.C供应量，储备；pl补给品；U供应，补给Our supplies are running out.Books were in short supply.A stroke can disrupt
44、the supply of oxygen to the brain.拓展：in short supply 供应不足/短缺 water supply供水 a supply/supplies of.的供应（2）vt.（尤指大量）供应，供给，提供 Our farm supplies the market with fruits and vegetables.=Our farm supplies fruits and vegetables to the market.辨析比较：supply/provide/offer练习：(1).After the disaster,people in that ar
45、ea urgently needed _(supply)of food and water.(2).At the beginning of this term,students are supplied _ a list of books that they are expected to read.(3).The house _ _ _ water,electricity and gas.易混词区别搭配supply通常指定期供应所需或要求之物，含有连续不断地供给之意。supply sb./sth.with sth.=supply sth.to sb./sth.provide表示仅仅是出于某种
46、责任主动提供所需之物，尤其是生活必需品。provide sb.with sth.=provide sth.for sb.offer指主动提供帮助、服务或令人向往之物等。offer to do sth.offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.supplieswithis supplied with2.survive svav vt.&vi.课本P52：Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.她正在给地震中存活下来的婴儿喂食。(1)vt.&vi.（经历事故、战争或疾病后）活下来，幸存（不用于被动语态）作及物动词时其后常
47、跟war,accident,flood,fire,earthquake,air crash,等词语。She was the only person to survive the accident.The company managed to survive the crisis（危机）.(2)vi.生活，存活，继续存在Some interesting customs have survived from ancient times.How does the family survive on such a small money wage？(3)vt.比活（或存在）的时间长 She survi
48、ved her husband by ten years.派生词：survival n.幸存，生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 survivors n.幸存者，生还者 survive from 从中保留/生存下来survive on依靠生存下来survive sb.by+时间比某人多活助记：After he survived the earthquake,the old man became one of the few survivors of the family and his survival made his friends happy.有类似词性变换方式的单词还有：remove rem
49、oval 移动 refuse refusal 拒绝 propose proposal 建议，提议arrive arrival 到达 approve approval 赞成 练习：(1).Earthquake can not be predicted,but your chances of _(survive)are much larger if you know what to do when an earthquake strikes.(2).She created a website page,matching _(survive)in need with donors(捐赠者)who w
50、anted to help.(3).My grandpa passed away last year and he survived my grandma _ twelve years.survivalsurvivorsby1._ _(救援人员)fought to get to victims inside the inferno.2.More than seven million people have been _(影响)by drought.3.The fire is threatening about sixty homes,and residents have _(撤离)the ar
