1、第4讲|动词的时态和语态及主谓一致1.(2018全国卷)While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it _(be)more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.2.(2017全国卷)Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school _(come)first.”动词的时态和语态iscomes3.(2017全国卷
2、)Later，engineers _(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.4.(2017全国卷)When fat and salt _(remove)from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.5.(2017全国卷)Sarah _(tell)that she could be Britains new supermodel，earning a million dollars in
3、the next year.6.(2017全国卷)Steam engines _(use)to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.managedare removedhas been told/was toldwere used7.(2016全国卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.8.(2
4、016北京卷改编)Jack _(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.9.(2018福州模拟)Due to the hard training they _(do)before，their performances were very impressive.be madewas workinghad done一、如何确定动词的时态在确定空格处需要填谓语动词后，我们则需要考虑谓语动词的时态、语态以及主谓一致。对于时态的确定，我们可以从以下三个方面来突破：1.时间状语。时态，顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式，因此时间状语是确定动词
5、时态的最直接的决定因素。典例(2016浙江卷)Silk _(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.分析had become。题干中有表示过去的时间状语“about 100 BC”，且当时间状语由介词by(不迟于，不晚于)引导时，表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，谓语动词应用过去完成时。2.参照动词。当句中没有时间状语，或时间状语不能完全决定所填词动作所发生的具体时间时，动词的时态由其参照动词来决定。典例(江苏卷改编)The real reason why prices _(be)，and
6、 still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.分析were。题干中没有时间状语，由参照动词“are”和“is”特别是still一词可以推断出所填词陈述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。3.句意或情境。当所填动词所在句中无时间状语及参照动词，或时间状语和参照动词都不能确定所填词动作的时态时，所填动词的时态由句子的具体意思或动作所发生的情境来决定。典例(2016全国卷)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at
7、work，you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of 61.greater(great)and less importance.Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 62.achievement(achieve).Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _63_(be)often acceptable.分析is。本题所在句无时间状语。也没有参照动词，但根据情境可知是陈述
8、一个客观事实，应用一般现在时，动词用原形，故填is。二、如何确定动词的语态被动语态类考题的解题关键在于判断句子的主语和谓语动词之间是否是被动关系，但是被动语态的考查总是与句子时态一起，即确定是被动语态之后，还要通过相关的时间状语判断出是哪一种时态的被动语态，这样才能确保填写准确的答案或改正相应的错误。典例1(2017全国卷)Steam engines _(use)to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.分析were
9、used。Steam engines与use之间为被动关系，且由后面的must have been可知，讲述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。典例2(广东卷)We _(tell)that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week.分析were told。句意：我们被告知我们预订的房间不是那一周的所填词是句子的谓语，和句子的主语we是被动关系，表示“我们被告知”；由从句时态判断出，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were told。1.(2018全国卷)During my last winter holiday，I went to
10、 the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there._2.(2018全国卷)I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school._3.(2017全国卷)Before getting into the car，I thought I had learned the instructors orders，but once I started the car，my mind goes blank._ 4
11、.(2017全国卷)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turning left！”_ findfoundareweregoeswentTurningTurn5.(2017全国卷)I had grown not only physically，but also mentally in the past few years._ 6.(2016全国卷)I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost much，yet we can still learn a
12、 lot._ 7.(2016全国卷)However，my parents didnt seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time，I even felt my parents couldnt understand me._ 8.(2016全国卷)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking._ hadhavethoughtthinktelltoldusing
13、used纵观近五年的短文改错考题，我们不难发现，一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时的考查频率较高；而语态方面的考查一般是通过非谓语动词来体现的。1.短文改错有关时态的考点(1)应用一般过去时，误用一般现在时。When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.thinkthought(2)应用一般现在时，误用一般过去时。Water is important.Yet it seemed that water is becoming less and less.seemedseems
14、(3)句子内部时态前后矛盾。For example，how many times have you walked out of a room and leave the lights or television on when no one else was there?leaveleft(4)语法结构有误，句子成分错位。A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.tellingtold(5)动词拼写错误。Tony was scared and begun to cry.begunbegan2.短文改错有关语态
15、的考点(1)分词的误用。Third，we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing，especially bath water which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.usingused(2)动词拼写错误。Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.drankdrunk1.(2018全国卷)Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top
16、crop.Since 2011，the country _(grow)more corn than rice.2.(2017全国卷)Fast food _(be)full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.3.(2016全国卷)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _(be)often acceptable.主谓一致has grownisis4.(2016全国卷)
17、Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _(be)too violent for use at the table.5.(全国卷)Yangshuo _(be)really beautiful.A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.6.(2018济南模拟)My roujiamo _(make)fresh，so th
18、e bread was still warm.7.(2018桂林模拟)The Beijing Palace Museum keeps the original Song painting and one of its famous copiesthe Qing version _(hold)in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.wereiswas madeis held1.(2018全国卷)They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.Still I unwilling
19、 to play the games with them sometimes._2.(2018全国卷)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks，and mistakes as well._3.(2018福建模拟)Whoever have a dream and dares to seek it is the loveliest person._I后加wasincludeincludeshavehas4.(广西卷)The understanding between two frie
20、nds mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other._ 5.(辽宁卷)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby._ 6.(陕西卷)Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky._ meanmeanshavehaswaswere1.可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。2.在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。3.非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。4.就近原则：由either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。5.就远原则：主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，but，except，along with，rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
