1、医学英语视听说(第二版)Unit Nine Reproductive SystemMedical English Communication:Listening and Speaking(2nd edition)1ContentsPart I Introduction to the Reproductive System Part II Diseases Related to the Reproductive SystemPart III Celebrity and DiseasePart IV Medical Terminology Related to the Reproductive S
2、ystem2Part V Further ThinkingPart IVideo:Introduction to the Reproductive System3Think and Talk Ovulation is when a mature egg is released from the ovary,pushed down the fallopian tube,and is available to be fertilized.Approximately every month an egg will mature within one of the ovaries.As it reac
3、hes maturity,the egg is released by the ovary where it enters the fallopian tube to make its way towards waiting sperm and the uterus.A woman might be pregnant if she has intercourse six days before or on the day of ovulation.The chances are significantly increased in the three days leading up to an
4、d including ovulation.Reference4Task One:True or False(1)F (2)T(3)F(4)F(5)TWatch and Do5Task Two:Blank FillingWatch and Do6(1)follicles (2)dominant(3)nourishes(4)estrogen(5)growth spurt(6)detaches (7)bursts open(8)contractions(9)fertilized(10)dissolves away Task Three:Questions and Answers1.Ovulatio
5、n is part of the menstrual cycle when the ovary releases a ripe egg,or ovum.2.The typical 28-day menstrual cycle begins on the first day of menstrual bleeding.3.It releases a huge surge of luteinizing hormone into the blood stream.4.Chemicals released by the bulging follicle.Watch and Do7Part II Dis
6、eases Related to the Reproductive System8Part IIDiseases Related to the Urinary SystemVideo OneHow Prostate Cancer WorksVideo TwoTreatments for Cervical Cancer9Video One How Prostate Cancer Works10Think and Talk The prostate is located immediately below the bladder and just in front of the bowel.Its
7、 main function is to produce fluid which protects and enriches sperm.It produces fluid for semen.Prostate cancer ranks as the second largest cause of cancer death in America and U.K.It is more likely to occur to older people.Causes for prostate cancer may be family history,genetic changes,and lifest
8、yle.Prostate cancer might be diagnosed by feeling the prostate,blood tests,ultrasound,x-rays or biopsies.Treatments vary according to the stage of the cancer.Options include surgery,radiation therapy,hormone therapy and chemotherapy.Reference11Part II-Video OneWatch and DoTask One:True or False(1)F
9、(2)F (3)T (4)F (5)T12Part II-Video OneTask Two:Questions and Answers(1)The prostate is part of the male reproductive system and responsible for making seminal fluid,which turns out to be partly responsible for,you guessed it,creating you,and everyone else.(2)Cells receive anti-growth as well as grow
10、th signals;cells actually have a limited replicating capacity;cells are generally localized to an area in the body.Watch and DoWatch and Do13Part II-Video OneTask Two:Questions and Answers(3)Because your cells have many more chances to pick up multiple mutations through many generations of cells.(4)
11、Genetic factors,or factors that are diet and lifestyle based.(5)Foods like soy,tomatoes and fish as well as a few chemicals and medications.Watch and DoWatch and Do14Part II-Video OneTask Three:Give DefinitionsMitosis:Mitosis is the process of normal behaving cells going through the cell cycle,in wh
12、ich they grow and divide into duplicate cells.Angiogenesis:Angiogenesis is blood vessel creation.Apoptosis:Apoptosis is the controlled destruction or breaking down of cells by the body.Cancer:Cancer is the fast growing,uncontrollably duplicating,immortalized masses of cells.Watch and DoWatch and Do1
13、5Part II-Video OneVideo Two Treatments for Cervical Cancer16Think and Talk Cervical cancer is a kind of cancer that forms in tissues of the cervix.In underdeveloped countries,cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women.The symptoms may appear at the early stages of cervical
14、cancer.The patient may experience vaginal bleeding,pelvic pain and heavy vaginal discharge as the disease develops.Cervical cancer may be treated with surgery,chemotherapy and radiation therapy.Reference17Part II-Video TwoTask One:Multiple Choices(1)C (2)B(3)C (4)D (5)CWatch and Do18Part II-Video Tw
15、oTask Two:Blank Filling(1)a cone shape piece(2)the vagina(3)an artificial interior opening(4)the uterus and cervix(5)the tissue around the cervixWatch and Do19Part II-Video TwoPart IIICelebrity and DiseaseAudio OneFather of Genetics Video TwoLance Armstrong Fighting Testicular CancerVideo Two20Audio
16、 One Father of Genetics21Think and Talk Mendel worked with seven characteristics of pea plants:plant height,pod shape and color,seed shape and color,and flower position and color.Taking seed color as an example,Mendel showed that when a true-breeding yellow pea and a true-breeding green pea were cro
17、ss-bred their offspring always produced yellow seeds.However,in the next generation,the green peas reappeared at a ratio of 1 green to 3 yellow.To explain this phenomenon,Mendel coined the terms“recessive”and“dominant”in reference to certain traits.In the preceding example,the green trait,which seem
18、s to have vanished in the first filial generation,is recessive and the yellow is dominant.Reference22Part III-Video OneThink and Talk He published his work in 1866,demonstrating the actions of invisible“factors”now called genesin predictably determining the traits of an organism.The profound signifi
19、cance of Mendels work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century(more than three decades later)with the rediscovery of his laws.Erich von Tschermak,Hugo de Vries,Carl Correns and William Jasper Spillmanindependently verified several of Mendels experimental findings,ushering in the modern
20、age of genetics.Reference23Part III-Video OneTask One:Compound dictationListen and Do24Part II-Audio(1)pioneering (2)genetic ngineering (3)contemporaries (4)partially restored (5)seized(6)the stone complex (7)hybridization(8)heredity (9)inherit their parents traits(10)ethical debatesTask Two:Topic D
21、iscussion Genetically modified foods(GM foods)refer to crop plants which are modified in the laboratory to enhance certain traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content.There has been intense debate concerning the regulation of GM foods.These plants have advantage
22、s like pest resistance,herbicide tolerance and disease resistance,but can also cause environmental hazards such as gene transfer to other species,reduced effectiveness of pesticides and harm to other organisms.The government should take active measures to regulate the consumption of GM foods,and als
23、o increase public awareness of the benefits and challenges brought by them.Listen and Do25Part II-AudioVideo TwoLance Armstrong Fighting Testicular Cancer26Think and Talk Lance Armstrong was a former professional American cyclist.He had won the Tour de France race for 7 consecutive times.But he was
24、accused of doping offenses in 2012,stripped of all the titles and banned from competitive cycling for life.He was also a survivor of prostate cancer,and founded the Livestrong Foundation,providing support for people affected by cancer and their family members.The foundation raised money by the sale
25、of the yellow Livestrong bracelets.Reference27Part III-Video TwoTask One:Questions and Answers1.He was having trouble breathing.2.Because he was in the worst possible state.The cancer had already spread to his lungs.3.One way that Lance motivated his friends and himself was by continuing to ride dur
26、ing chemotherapy.4.Lance got the news he had been waiting for.The treatments had worked.His cancer was in remission.Watch and Do28Part III-Video TwoTask Two:Task Two:Error Correction1.In the Tour de France competition in 1996,Lance dropped out after five days because of breathing problems.2.The ches
27、t X-ray showed that the tumor had already spread to Lances lungs,and the next morning he underwent surgery to remove the cancerous testicle.3.Lance underwent a successful brain surgery on Thursday,October 24th,1996,but faced three more rounds of chemotherapy.Watch and Do29Part III-Video TwoTask Two:
28、Task Two:Error Correction4.Lance was suffering from serious side effects and collapsed during a training ride.5.On November,1996,Lance got the news he had been waiting for,that his cancer was in remission.Watch and Do30Part III-Video TwoPart IVMedical Terminology31Part IVMedical TerminologyRoot 1ute
29、r/o,hyster/o,vagin/o,metr/o,colp/oRoot 2ovary/o,cervic/o,trachel/o32Root 1uter/o,hyster/o,vagin/o,metr/o,colp/o33Think and Talkmonthly bleeding menstruation period menstrual cycle monthly series of changes a womans bodyReference34Part IV-Root 1Task One:Matching(1)F (2)E (3)D (4)C (5)B (6)A Practice
30、and Produce35Part IV-Root 1Task Two:Explanationuter/o:of or pertaining to the uterus or wombhyster/o:of or pertaining to the womb or the uterusvagin/o:of or pertaining to the vaginacolp/o:of or pertaining to the vaginametr/o:pertaining to conditions or instruments of the uterusPractice and Produce36
31、Part IV-Root 1Task Three:Reviewuter/o:uterushyster/o:hysterectomy,hysteriavagin/o:vaginal epithelium,colp/o:colposcopymetr/o:metrorrhagiaPractice and Produce37Part IV-Root 1Root 2ovary/o,cervic/o,trachel/o38Think and Talk Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin from the human penis.In the most c
32、ommon procedure,the foreskin is opened,adhesions are removed,and the foreskin is separated from the glans.After that,a circumcision device may be placed,and then the foreskin is cut off.Reference39Part IV-Root 2Task One:Matching(1)F (2)E (3)D (4)C (5)B (6)A Practice and Produce40Part IV-Root 2Task T
33、wo:Explanationovari/o:of or pertaining to the ovariesoophor/o:of or pertaining to the womans ovarycervic/o:of or pertaining to the neck or the cervixtrachel/o:of or pertaining to the neck Practice and Produce41Part IV-Root 2Task Three:Reviewovari/o:ovariectomyoophor/o:oophorectomycervic/o:cervical v
34、ertebrae,cervicodorsaltrachel/o:tracheloplastyPractice and Produce42Part IV-Root 2Part VFurther Thinking43Further Thinking Reproduction is vital for the survival of a species over time.Without reproduction,a species would be limited to only one generation.For humans,reproduction enables us to surviv
35、e and develop in the history of civilization.However,both men and women are susceptible to reproductive system diseases,which can refer to congenital abnormalities,genetic,or sexually transmitted diseases.These diseases require immediate attention and treatment.Raising awareness may be even more important.After all,prevention is better than remedy.Please write within 150 words on the ways to prevent reproductive diseases.44Enjoy Learning！45
