1、情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词具有一定得词义，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独构成谓语，和谓语动词连用表示委婉语气或表示愿望、态度或推测等意义。一、情态动词的类型和特征一、情态动词的类型和特征1.情态动词的类型1)只作情态动词的有：must;can(could);may(might)2)只作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need,dare3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：will(would);shall(should)4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有：have to;ought to;had better2.情态动词的特征(1).有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语
2、。(2)表示说话人的态度或语气，无人称和数的变化（have to例外，其第三人称单数形式为has to）He has to walk home.情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形。二、情态动词的用法二、情态动词的用法1.Can的 用法 常用来表示能力，意为“能，会”。eg：She can swim fast,but I cant.表示请求或许可，意为“可以”。eg:Can you go shopping with us?表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句或者疑问句中，此时cant 意为不可能。eg:Can the news be true？That cant be our teacher.He i
3、s on a visit to the Great Wall.-I think Miss Gao must be in the library.She said she would go there.-No.She _be there.I have just been there.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt 4）cant 可用来作May I.？的否定回答-May I go surfing alone this afternoon?-No,you cant.Its dangerous.5)can和 be able to 两者都是表示“能力”是用法相同，但
4、can只有原形和过去式could两种形式，其他时态要用be able to来表示。另外，be able to常常有“成功做了某事”的意味Jim cant speak English.We were able to reach the top of the maintain at noon.2.Could 的用法 can的过去式，意为“能，会”，表示过去的能力。eg:He could write poems when he was 10.could 在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。eg:Could you please speak a little louder?Co
5、uld I use your pen?Yes,you can/No,you cant.-Could I cross the street here?-Of course you _.A.could B.canC.are able to D.will3.may 的用法 may 表示请求、许可，意为“可以”，比can要正式。eg：May I ask you a question?You may go home now.表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能、也许”，一般用于肯定句。eg：It may rain tomorrow.She may be at home.may 的过去式为might，表示推测
6、，可能性低于may。eg：He is away from home.He might be sick.(4)may表示祝福May you be happy!(5)can和may 1)Can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用Can/May I help you?2)may 和can 表示可能性时的区别：在肯定句中用may,might,不用can；在疑问句中表示推测用can；在否定句句中用cant（不可能）She may be in the classroom.Where can they be now?That cant be true.(6)may be 和 mayb
7、e 用法区别 常用位置may be may 为情态动词，be动词原形 句中，做谓语maybe 副词，大概、也许，相当于perhaps 句首，作状语He may be wrong,but Im not sure.-Have you decided which senior high school to choose?-Not yet.I _go to Moonlight School.A.must B.mayC.need D.should-What will the weather be like tomorrow?-It _be rainy,cloudy or sunny.Who knows?
8、A.must B.mightC.shall D.should 情态动词练习 1讲解1.-_I have a look at your new watch?-Yes,please.May B.Need C.Dare D.Must 2.Tom is young but he _fly a kite by himself.may B.can C.need D.must3.The work is too hard for him.He _finish it on time.cant B.mustnt C.shouldnt D.neednt 4.The bookstore was open,so I _
9、buy the book.can B.cant C.did can D.was able to5.Last year I _drive.I used take the bus.could B.couldnt C.should D.shouldnt 6.-Could we smoke here?-Im afraid you _.couldnt B.cant C.are able to D.will7.-I hear youve got a new iPhone 4S._ I have a look?-Yes,certainly.May B.Do C.Shall D.Should 8.-Where
10、s Lucy?-Im not sure.She _in the school library.maybe B.must be C.may be D.will be9.-Where is Tom?-_he is at home.He didnt feel well yesterday.May be B.Maybe C.May 10.-_ I swim here?-Im sorry.Children _swim alone hereMust;cant B.May;mustCan;mustnt D.Cant;can4.Must 的用法 must表示“一定要，必须”。否定形式是mustnt，表示 “禁
11、止，不许可”。eg：You must stay here until I came back.You mustnt park your car in front of the entrance.对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为 neednt或者dont have to。eg：-Must I finish my homework now?-No,you neednt.must 常常指有根据的，比较有把握的推测，意为 “一定是，准是”，这种用法只能用于肯定句当中。eg：The light is on.He must be at home now.当must表示肯定判断、推测的
12、时候，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。eg：She must have finish writing,hasnt she?must 和have to must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要，意为“必须，应 该”。eg：I know I must study hard.have to 侧重于客观上的必要，意为“不得不”。它有一 般现在时第三人称单数形式has to 和过去形式had to。eg：My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor at midnight.have to的否定形式是dont have to,相当于neednt
13、,意为“不必”；mustnt 表示“禁止，不允许”.(5)cant 和 mustnt 表否定推测时应用cant,mustnt 意为“禁止，不允许”，不用来表推测，在肯定句中用must表推测，意为“一定”-Mom,must I clean my room now?-No,you _.You can do it tomorrow.A.cant B.neednt C.mustnt D.shouldnt 5.need 的用法 need表示“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和疑问句当中，否定形式为neednt,意为“没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答是must，否定回答为neednt.eg：-Ne
14、ed I stay here any longer?need可作实义动词，此时还有人称，数和时态的变化，后面多接动词不定时。eg：I need to do it right now.He needs to learn more about the girl.注意：对need 的词性判断常为难点，need后加to do说明need为实义动词，用助动词提问或否定；need后加doing表示被动意义；若need 后加do的动词原形，则need为情态动词You neednt see him,but I must.You dont need to come if you feel sick.(6).da
15、re 表示“敢于”，用作情态动词时，无人称变化，只用于否定句、疑问句和条件句Mary dare not touch the snake.用于实义动词时，要注意人称和时态的变化，后面跟不定式I have never dared to tell him about it.注意：dare作实义动词时，其疑问句或否定句后面的不定式符号常省略。He didnt dare(to)disobey.You _ swim in this part of the lake.Its dangerous.A.mustnt B.neednt C.wont D.may not I enjoy the party very
16、 much,but I _ go home.Its too late.A.have to B.mayC.mustnt D.shouldt 6.shall,should,will,would的用法 shall常用于疑问句当中，表示征求对方的意见（多用于第一、三人称），用在第一人称或第三人称的疑问句中 eg：shall we go out for a walk?Shall he come at once?一般回答：Yes,please./All right./No,thank you.Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。eg:You shall fail if y
17、ou dont work harder.（警告）He shall have the book when I finish reading.（允诺）He shall be punished.（威胁）should意为“应该”。可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。eg：We should protect the environment.will表示主语的决心或意愿；也可表请求或询问，用于第二人称。eg：I will never do that again.I will help you if Im free this afternoon.Will you pass me the book?will表示习
18、惯、请求，固有性质等。eg:Everyday he will sit here hour after hour doing nothing.（习惯）Will you help me with my English?（请求）7.had better的用法had better 意味“最好”，没有人称的变化，后接不带to的不定式，其否定形式为had better not.eg:We had better go now.You had better not give the book to him.-How was the youth club last night,Mark?-It was grea
19、t fun.You _have come.A.Must B.can C.should D.mayYou look tired now.You _stay at home and have a rest.A.had to B.had betterC.would like to D.would ratherPS:在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。(1).用“Lets do.”来提出建议。e.g.Lets go for a walk after supper.(2).用“What/How about.?”来提出建议；about后接名词或动词ing形式。e.g.What a
20、bout/How about a drink?What about/How about taking Tom with us?(3).用“Why not.?”来提出建议，表示“何不”not面后接动词原形。“Why not.?”实际上是“Why dont you/we.?”的简略形式。e.g.Why not meet at the school gate at eight?Why dont we stay here another day?(4).用“Would you like.?”来提出建议，意思是“你想要吗?”Would you like后可接名词或不定式。如：Would you like
21、 a cup of tea?Yes,please.No,thank you.Would you like to go and see her?Yes,Id like to.No,thank you“去游泳好吗?”Shall we go for a swim?Lets go for a swim，shall we?What about/How about going swimming?Why not go for a swim?Would you like to go for a swim?willwill在there be句型中的形式及其句式变换。将有 由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will
22、+动词原形”来表示，所以there be句型的一般将来时的形式就是there will be。（一定不能说there will have）There are many students in our school.There will be many students in our school.含有情态动词的疑问句的回答1.对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may.Yes,of course.Yes,certainly.Sure.No,you mustnt.No,you cant.2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：Yes,must.No,neednt/dont h
23、ave to.3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。e.g.Could I use your pen?-Yes,you can./No,you cant.4.shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称或第三人称中，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes,please.All right.No,thank you.5.would you的回答方式有以下几种：Yes,I will.(No,I wont.)Sure.(Im sorry,I cant.)All right/OK/With pleasure.Certainly.(No,thank you.
24、)Yes,please.Would you like to go shopping with me?Yes,Id like to./No,thanks(thank you).Would you like some water?Yes,please./No,thanks(thank you)Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily?_.A.Thats right B.With pleasure C.It doesnt matter D.No trouble1.马力喜欢这部电影。Mary loves this movie.2.穿黑
25、色衣服的那个女生是杨幂。The girl in black is Yangmi.3.郭敬明不是一个基佬。Guo Jingming isnt a gay.1.你喜欢这部电影吗？Do you like this movie?2.郭敬明多高？How tall is Guo Jingming?3.郭敬明是个基佬，难道不是吗？Guo Jingming is a gay,isnt he?1.多忙的电影啊！（以what&how引导）What a busy movie!How busy the movie is!2.不要在电影院里放屁(fart)！Dont fart at the cinema!3.请关门.P
26、lease close the door.句子种类你造吗！：说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式。语序是主语在前，谓语在后。Mary loves this movie.The girl in black is Yangmi.Guo Jingming isnt a gay.肯定句式：否定句式：She cant swim.Mary doesnt like this movie.The children didnt go to school yesterday.在一般现在时和一般过去时中，当句子谓语动词是实义动词是，否定句式要用合适的助动词 dont,doesnt,didnt.按使用目的可分
27、：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。1）一般疑问句：用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或 no，注意语序。Are you a pig?Do you love me?Isnt she a beautiful teacher?Can you fly?2）特殊疑问句：常用的特殊疑问词 what,where,who,when,why,which,howWhat day is it today?Where are you going?How are you?Who are you?3）选择疑问句：要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况选择其一的问句，叫选择疑问句。选择问句的两种或多种情况用or连接，语调先升后降，回
28、答时不用yes或no。-Are you a boy or a girl?-Im a girl.-Where are you going,Shenzhen orThailand?-Im going to Thailand.4）反意疑问句：陈述句之后加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句，这种结构的句子叫反意疑问句。原则：前肯后否，前否后肯。-You are a dog,arent you?-No,Im not.-She likes eating Mc Donald,doesnt she?-Yes,she does.表示强烈感情或情绪的句子，一般由what或how引导。What a handsome bo
29、y he is!1.他是一个多么帅的男孩啊！【what引导的感叹句】【how引导的感叹句】How handsome the boy is!2.这是一只多么可爱的狗啊！What a lovely dog it is!How lovely the dog is!【what引导的感叹句】【how引导的感叹句】表示说话人直接向听话人发出命令、请求、邀请或提出劝告、建议等的句子。祈使句的主语经常省略。No smoking!不要抽烟！Dont fart at the cinema!不要在电影院放屁！Never give up!永不言弃！Let it go!随它吧！按句子结构可分：简单句、并列句和复合句。1
30、.盗墓笔记很受欢迎。The Lost Tomb is very popular.2.吴邪和张起灵都很帅。Wu Xie and Zhang Qiling are handsome.3.吴邪起立然后向我走过来。Wu Xie stands up and walks to me.基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+O （主谓宾）基本句型三：+P （主系表）基本句型四：+IO+DO （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+O+OC （主谓宾宾补）把两个或几个简单句，用并列连词连接起来成为并列句。He was tired.He went to bed.He was tired so he went to bed.I
31、m ugly.Im gentle.Im ugly but Im gentle.常用的并列连词 and,bothand,平行并列连词 not onlybut also,neithernor but,however转折并列连词 while yet because 因果并列连词 so for,therefore or选择并列连词 otherwise eitheror1.Mary is thirsty,_ she needs a glass of water.2.He is an actor,_ his wife is a singer.3.He was so tired,_ he had to go
32、 to school.4.Dont be late,_ there is a meeting.5.Hurry up,_youll be late.6.He works hard _ his brother is a lazy bone.soand/whilebutbecauseorwhile/but主句+从句He says something.宾语成分（由一个词语充当）He says that they are family.宾语成分（由一个句子充当）vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the newspaper when
33、 I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.1.He has found out.She was late.(why)请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。2.I still remember the day.I first came to Aixuetang on that day.(when)3.This is Mary.Mary is a pig.(who)TNANK YOU1.马力喜欢这部电影。Mary loves this movie.2.穿黑色衣服的那个女生是杨幂。The girl in black is Yangmi
34、.3.郭敬明不是一个基佬。Guo Jingming isnt a gay.1.你喜欢这部电影吗？Do you like this movie?2.郭敬明多高？How tall is Guo Jingming?3.郭敬明是个基佬，难道不是吗？Guo Jingming is a gay,isnt he?1.多忙的电影啊！（以what&how引导）What a busy movie!How busy the movie is!2.不要在电影院里放屁(fart)！Dont fart at the cinema!3.请关门.Please close the door.句子种类你造吗！：说明一个事实或陈述
35、一个看法，有肯定式和否定式。语序是主语在前，谓语在后。Mary loves this movie.The girl in black is Yangmi.Guo Jingming isnt a gay.肯定句式：否定句式：She cant swim.Mary doesnt like this movie.The children didnt go to school yesterday.在一般现在时和一般过去时中，当句子谓语动词是实义动词是，否定句式要用合适的助动词 dont,doesnt,didnt.按使用目的可分：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句。1）一般疑问句：用来询问一件事，答案通常是y
36、es或 no，注意语序。Are you a pig?Do you love me?Isnt she a beautiful teacher?Can you fly?2）特殊疑问句：常用的特殊疑问词 what,where,who,when,why,which,howWhat day is it today?Where are you going?How are you?Who are you?3）选择疑问句：要求对方对两种或两种以上的情况选择其一的问句，叫选择疑问句。选择问句的两种或多种情况用or连接，语调先升后降，回答时不用yes或no。-Are you a boy or a girl?-Im
37、 a girl.-Where are you going,Shenzhen orThailand?-Im going to Thailand.4）反意疑问句：陈述句之后加上一个与之意思相反的简短问句，这种结构的句子叫反意疑问句。原则：前肯后否，前否后肯。-You are a dog,arent you?-No,Im not.-She likes eating Mc Donald,doesnt she?-Yes,she does.表示强烈感情或情绪的句子，一般由what或how引导。What a handsome boy he is!1.他是一个多么帅的男孩啊！【what引导的感叹句】【how引
38、导的感叹句】How handsome the boy is!2.这是一只多么可爱的狗啊！What a lovely dog it is!How lovely the dog is!【what引导的感叹句】【how引导的感叹句】表示说话人直接向听话人发出命令、请求、邀请或提出劝告、建议等的句子。祈使句的主语经常省略。No smoking!不要抽烟！Dont fart at the cinema!不要在电影院放屁！Never give up!永不言弃！Let it go!随它吧！按句子结构可分：简单句、并列句和复合句。1.盗墓笔记很受欢迎。The Lost Tomb is very popular
39、.2.吴邪和张起灵都很帅。Wu Xie and Zhang Qiling are handsome.3.吴邪起立然后向我走过来。Wu Xie stands up and walks to me.基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+O （主谓宾）基本句型三：+P （主系表）基本句型四：+IO+DO （主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：+O+OC （主谓宾宾补）把两个或几个简单句，用并列连词连接起来成为并列句。He was tired.He went to bed.He was tired so he went to bed.Im ugly.Im gentle.Im ugly but Im gentle.
40、常用的并列连词 and,bothand,平行并列连词 not onlybut also,neithernor but,however转折并列连词 while yet because 因果并列连词 so for,therefore or选择并列连词 otherwise eitheror1.Mary is thirsty,_ she needs a glass of water.2.He is an actor,_ his wife is a singer.3.He was so tired,_ he had to go to school.4.Dont be late,_ there is a
41、meeting.5.Hurry up,_youll be late.6.He works hard _ his brother is a lazy bone.soand/whilebutbecauseorwhile/but主句+从句He says something.宾语成分（由一个词语充当）He says that they are family.宾语成分（由一个句子充当）vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the newspaper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings b
42、est of all.1.He has found out.She was late.(why)请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。2.I still remember the day.I first came to Aixuetang on that day.(when)3.This is Mary.Mary is a pig.(who)TNANK YOU第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第十一节非谓语动词非谓语动词分为动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。(一)动词不定式的功能功能例句作主语itsadj.for sb./of sb.to do sth.(it为形式
43、主语，to do sth.为真正的主语)Its not easy for us to learn English.作表语The most important thing is to finish your homework first.作宾语动词to dowant/decide/pretend/wish/learn/would like to do动词形式宾语(it)宾补to doI find it hard to get good grades.“动词疑问词to do”可改成“动词宾语从句”I dont know how to do it.I dont know how I should d
44、o it.77功能例句作补语动词宾语to dotell/ask/like/invite/allow/encourage sb.to do sth.动词宾语不带to的不定式一感(feel)一听(hear)三看(see，watch，notice)三让(have，make，let)sb.do sth.作状语目的：He got up early to catch the first bus.结果：He is too tired to walk again.作定语I have something to tell you.Zunyi is a good place to live in.78(二)动名词的
45、功能功能例句作主语动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数Reading more books is good for us.作宾语完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，cant help，feel like)喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)He enjoyed playing basketball.作表语 His favorite sport is playing soccer.作定语 shopping listfinishi
46、ng line79(三)分词的功能功能现在分词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)作表语The story is boring.My watch is broken.作定语developing country(发展中国家)developed country(发达国家)作宾补I found him lying on the grass.I had my hair cut yesterday.80(四)非谓语动词考点1“一感一听三看两让”变被动语态时，动词不定式符号to要还原：feel/hear/see/watch/notice/have/make sb.do sth.be felt/heard/see
47、n/watched/noticed/had/made to do sth.2remember/forget/regret to do sth.记得/忘记/遗憾去做某事remember/forget/regret doing sth.记得/忘记/后悔做了某事3stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事4see/hear sb.doing sth.看见/听见某人正在做某事see/hear sb.do sth.看见/听见某人做了某事或常做某事815常考的省略了to的动词不定式的句型Why not do sth.？/Could(would)you please
48、(not)do sth.？/had better(not)do sth./would rather do.than do6固定形式：the first/last/next/only/second to do sth.He is the only person to know the truth.She is the first person to learn computer programming.7there be 主语to do sth.There is nothing to worry about.828后跟doing 的常考短语have difficulty/trouble/prob
49、lems doingfeel like doingwould like to dospend time(in)doingbe busy doingprefer doing to doingbe used to doinglook forward to doingdevote to doingmake a contribution to doing83考点一动词不定式1(2016中考改编)Dont forget_your history and politics books tomorrow morning.Thanks.I wont.()AbringBto bringCbringing2(20
50、16中考改编)We can make a fire_ the room warm so that we can chat for a while.()Ato keepBkeepingCkeep3(2016中考改编)_ a volunteer is great.I think so.Some of us want_volunteers for the London Olympics.()ABeing;being BTo be;beingCBeing;to beBAC844(2016中考改编)Granny often tells us_water in our daily life.()Asave
