1、中考英语重点知识点汇总中考英语重点知识点汇总课件名词:名词或代词作主语时和谓语名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题之间的单复数的一致问题 1.a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球)A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)2.there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如:There is a table and four chairs in
2、the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)课件 3.bothand连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)4.eitheror或者 neithernor连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如:Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的)/Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)课件代词:不定代词辨析 1.few、little、a few、a little的
3、用法:few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思;few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物,little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如:He is very poor and he has little money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。)/Dont worry.There is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。)/In that village there live few peopl
4、e.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人)/You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)课件 2.a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many;plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数可数名词的复数形式。a number of/large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。a great dea
5、l of只可以修饰不可数名词不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。)/I dont have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我有充足的时间。)/I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写)/I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时
6、间/金钱。)课件 none、no one、nobody的区别:no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式;none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如:No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的)Nobody handed in his/their composition(s)yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。)None of my friends came to see me that day
7、.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。)课件形容词、副词1.other与else的区别:两个词都可以作形容词,但是用法不同,other放在名词名词前;else修饰不定代词、疑问词等。不定代词、疑问词等。如:The other students are on the playground.(其他学生在操场上)Who else can work out this maths problem?(还有谁能解出着道数学题?)Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你还有什么要为自己说的吗?alive、live、lively的区别:来源于动词live“生活、居住
8、”。live指东西“活的”,alive作表语,指人“活着的”,如果作定语,则放在名词的后面;lively有三个意思:有生气的、活泼的、快活的,(色彩)鲜艳的,生动的、真实的。This is a live fish.(这是条活鱼)Is she still alive?(她还活着吗?She is as lively as a monkey.她像猴子一样活泼)课件enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法:enough(“足够,十分”)放在形容词或副词之后;too(“太”)、very(“非常”)、quite(“相当”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容词或副词之前,ver
9、y much(“非常”)放在动词之后。如:Its too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太贵/那么贵/非常贵/相当贵。)/I dont like sweets very much.(我不很喜欢糖果)注意注意 very与 much的区别:very修饰形容词、副词的原级和现在分词形容词,much修饰形容词和副词的比较级;如:He is very stupid.(他很笨)You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得学习更努力,不然你考不进那所好学校)hard与hardly的用法:h
10、ard作为副词意思是:“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定词,意思是:“几乎不”,一般与情态动词can/could连用。如:They study English very hard.(他们英语学得很刻苦)You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共场所你几乎看不到一个人随地吐痰)课件 like.very much、like.better(=prefer)、like.best的用法:三个短语分别表示“非常喜欢”、“更喜欢”、“最喜欢”。如:I like baseball very much.Do you like cake be
11、tter than cheese?They like hamburgers best.almost、nearly的区别:两个词意思相近,都表示“几乎、将近”,大多数情况下可以互换,与否定词连用时用almost不用nearly.如:He had done almost nothing today.(他今天几乎没有干什么)Almost nobody/Hardly anybody understood his words.(几乎没有人懂他的话)课件“比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级”表示“越来越”。如:The weather is getting warmer and warmer.(天越来越温暖
12、了)“the+比较级比较级,the+比比较级较级”表示“越就越”。如:The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,进步就越大)“one of the+最高级+名词(复数)”整个短语为单数含义,谓语要用单数形式。如:One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一场大火中被烧毁了)课件by、in与with表示方式的用法区别:都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以方式”,在被动语态中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/
13、文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。如:We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)Please write that article(文章)in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)Lets go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的区别:for a moment“一会儿、片刻”(=for a whil
14、e),常与持续性动词连用;for the moment“暂时、目前”,常用于现在时;in a moment“一会儿、立即、马上”(=soon;in a few minutes),一般用于将来时;at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于现在进行时。如:Please wait for a moment.(请稍等)Lets leave things as they are for the moment.(暂时就维持现状吧!)Ill come back in a moment.(我过会儿回来)I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)介词课件 excep
15、t与besides except“除了”,表示排除掉某人物,即不包含;而besides“除了”则表示包含,即“不仅又”。如:Everyone went to the Palace Museum except Tom.(除了Tom,大家都去了故宫博物院)(Tom没有去故宫)Besides Chinese he also studied many other subjects.(除了汉语之外,他还学其他许多功课)(“汉语”也是他学的功课之一)课件动词 may表示允许、请求或可能性,用may提问时,肯定回答一般用Certainly或Yes,you may.;否定回答一般用cant或mustnt.如:
16、May I ask you a question?Certainly.(可以问你一个问题吗?当然可以 It may be in your pocket.(它可能在你的衣袋里)must(必须)进行提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt;用must(一定)进行提问时,肯定回答仍用must,但是否定回答用cant.如:Must we clean the room before we leave?Yes,you must.或No,you neednt.(我们走之前必须要打扫房间吗?是的,必须打扫。/不,不需要。)Must she be in the romm?Yes,she must.或N
17、o,she cant.(她一定在房间里吗?是的,一定。/不,不可能在。)课件一般现在时 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语:often,usually,sometimes,always,every(day等),once/twice,on(Sunday等),in the(morning等)。如:They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意)表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如:The earth t
18、urns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快)课件一般将来时一般将来时的时间状语有:tomorrow,this(afternoon),next(year),one day,now,soon,someday,sometime,in the future。1.用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will”用于所有人称。如:Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗?Will you please open
19、the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗?)2.“am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,Its going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了)3.“be to+动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。如:A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)课件现在进行时现在进行时结构:“助动词be(am is are)be(am is are)+现在分词”构成。现在进行时的时间状
20、语有 1.now,right now,at this moment(此刻)Lindas brother is watching TV in his bedroom now.Were far from home.What are our parents doing at the moment?2.在句中出现了Look,Listen等暗示词时,说明后面谓语动词的动作正在发生,该动词应用现在进行时。Listen!Who is singing over there?听!谁在那里唱歌呢?(表示正在进行的动作)3.当句中出现的时间状语是these days,this week,this month,thi
21、s term 等时,如果句子所要表达的意义是在这一阶段正在发生的事,则动词应用现在进行时。These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.这些天我们在农场帮农民们干活。Theyre having a test this week.这一周,他们在进行一次考试。课件过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。过去进行时的时间状语有:then,at that time,this time yesterday,以及由when引
22、出的时间状语从句。如:He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具)课件过去进行时中when与while的区分 两者的区别如下:when是既指时间点,也可指一段时间;while是只指一段时间,因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词,也可以是延续性动词,而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时,也可以是先后发生;while
23、则强调主从句两个动作同时发生。由when引导的时间状语从句,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时;如果从句和主句的动作同时发生,两句都用过去进行时的时候,多用while引导,如:a.When the teacher came in,we were talking.当此句改变主从句的位置时,则为:While we were talking,the teacher came in.b They were singing while we were dancing.课件 when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”;while表示“而,却”,表对照关系。如:a.The childre
24、n were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motor bike.孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米,这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。b.He is strong while his brother is weak.他长得很结实,而他弟弟却很瘦弱。When/While we were having supper,the light went out.我们正在吃饭时,灯熄灭了。While he was waiting for the bus,he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。课
25、件 动词不定式动词不定式 1.及物动词及物动词+不定式一般形式:不定式一般形式:want(想)/try(试图)/decide(决定)/would like(想要)/hope(希望)/love(喜爱)/learn(学会)/afford(提供)/agree(同意)/fail(失败、未能)/mean(意味着)/prefer(宁愿)/wish(希望)help(帮助)begin(开始)/start(开始)/hate(憎恨)forget(忘记)/remember(记得)/like(总爱)Dont forget to close the door when you leave.(你离开时别忘了关门)He b
26、egan to search the room for the thief.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷)动词的非谓语形式:动词不定式、动名词、分词课件2.及物动词及物动词+疑问词疑问词+不定式:不定式:tell(告诉)/show(显示)/know(知道)/ask(问)/find out(发现)/understand(明白)/wonder(疑惑)/learn(学会)/forget(忘记)/teach/remember(记得)/discuss(商讨)He does not know which one to take.(他不知道该选哪个)Tell me how to get to the stat
27、ion.(告诉我怎么样去火车站)She asked me what to do for todays homework.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么)Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎样上网吗?)课件不定式的特殊用法:It与不定式:动词不定式可以做主语,用形式主语it代替,而把真正主语(即不定式)放于句尾。如:It is not difficult for me to study English well.(对我来说学好英语是可能的。)动词不定式,还可用在how,when,where,what,which 等疑问代词或副词之后,与
28、其共同作宾语。如:I dont know how to use a computer.我不知道怎样使用电脑课件连词 1、并列连接词并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。常见的并列连接词有:and(和),but(但是),or(或者,否则),nor(也不),so(所以),however(然而,无论如何),for(因为),still(可是),as well as(也),both.and.(.和.),not only.but also.(不但而且),either or(或或),neither nor(既不也不)等。2、从属连接词从属连接词用于引导从句,常见的从属连接词有:when(当时候),whi
29、le(正当时候),after(在之后),before(在之前),since(自从),until(直到),although/though(虽然),if(假如),as(如一样;由于),as as(和一样),as far as(就而言),as long as(只要),as soon as(一就),even if(即使),because(因为),unless(除非),than(比),whether(是否),in order that(为了),sothat(如此以致),so that(以便),now that(现在既然),by the time(到时候),every time(每当),as if(仿佛)
30、,no matter when(或whenever)(无论何时),no matter where(或wherever)(无论在哪里)等。课件There be句型 1.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.(紧挨着be动词的主语是a desk,是单数,故be的形式要用is)当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。(就近原则)意思为“某地有某人或某物”。如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much+不可数名词+is there+地点状语?How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水?2.T
31、here arent two chairs and a desk in the room.(否定句)3.Is there anything wrong with your ears?(Yes,there is./No,there isnt.)There be句型的反意疑问句,要注意陈述部分的形式。如果陈述部分含有little,few,no,nobody,none等否定词时,后面的简短问句中要用肯定形式。例如:There is nobody in the room,is there?课件 还有一个重要句式“有某人在做某事”,要用“There be+sb.+doing sth.+地点/时间状语”。
32、There are several children swimming in the river.河里有几个孩子在游泳。There be 结构中常见的时态有如下几种情况:通过上表可知:各种时态的变化是通过 be动词的变化来体现的。首要的问题是弄清楚There be与have所表示的意义。There be句型表示“存在”关系,have表示“所属”关系,两者不能混合在一个句子中。例如,要说“明天有一个班会。”(1)There will have a class meeting tomorrow.()(2)There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.()有时候既表示“存在”又表示“所属”时两种都可以用。例如:Class Three have a map of China on the wall.(“地图”为三班学生所有)There is a map of China on the wall in Class Three.(“地图”存在于三班)由此看来,There will have是错误的。课件