1、I Global distribution of giant fieldsII Plate tectonics and Basin classificationIII Distribution of giant fields in differenttypes of basinsIV SummaryLECTURE OUTLINEI Global distribution of giant fields?Basic stats?Distribution?Salient features of giant field?Discovery history of giant fieldsLECTURE
2、 OUTLINE1 bbl oil=6000 cf gasNumber of Giant FieldsCarmalt and St.Johns(1986):502甘克文（1992）：427（310&117)Halbouty(2001):437(276&151)Mann et al.(2001):592Mann et al.(2003):877(end 2002)Horn(2004):910(end 2003)Mann et al.(2007):945(end 2007)可采储量可采储量 主力储集层 序序 号号 名称 国家 盆地 油油/104t 气气/108m3 油当量/104t 圈闭类型 层位
3、 岩性 1 盖瓦尔/Ghawar 沙特 波斯湾 1 659 600 56 633 2 114 400 背斜 上侏罗统统 砂屑石灰砂屑石灰岩岩 2 大布尔干大布尔干/Greater Burgan 科威特特 波斯湾 819 900 1 2 035 916 600 背背斜斜 下白垩统统 砂岩 3 萨法泥亚萨法泥亚/Safaniya 沙特 波斯湾 477 500 1 444 489 100 背背斜斜 下白垩统统 砂岩 4 马伦/Marun 伊朗 扎格罗斯斯 259 200 2 1 917 435 200 背背斜斜 中新统 碳酸盐岩碳酸盐岩 5 南和北鲁迈拉拉/Rumaila N&S 伊拉克克 波斯湾
4、327 400 4 531 363 800 背背斜斜 下白垩统统 砂岩 6 阿瓦士/Ahwaz 伊朗 扎格罗斯斯 300 100 6 796 354 700 背背斜斜 中新统 砂岩 7 加奇萨兰加奇萨兰/Gachsaran 伊朗 扎格罗斯斯 272 900 9 016 345 600 背斜 中新统 石灰岩 8 扎库姆/Zakum 阿联酋酋 波斯湾 290 900 3 681 320 500 背背斜斜 下白垩统统 石灰岩 9 马尼法/Manifa 沙特 波斯湾 233 300 1 356 244 200 背背斜斜 下白垩统统 砂屑石灰砂屑石灰岩岩 10 基尔库克基尔库克/Kirkuk 伊拉克克
5、扎格罗斯斯 219 600 1 133 228 700 背背斜斜 渐新统 碳酸盐岩碳酸盐岩 世界10个最大油田基本特征可采储量可采储量 序序 号号 名称 国家 盆地 油油(100 x104t)气气(108m3)凝析油(100 x104t)油当量(100 x104t)圈闭 类型 储层 岩性 储层时代储层时代 1 诺斯/North Field 卡塔尔 波斯湾 254 849 1 456 21 920 构造 白云岩 晚二叠世晚二叠世 2 南帕尔斯南帕尔斯/Pars South 伊朗 波斯湾 177 99 108 2 428 10 564 构造 白云岩 晚二叠世晚二叠世 3 乌连戈伊乌连戈伊/Uren
6、goy 俄罗斯 西西伯 利亚 164 94 985 205 7 995 构造 砂岩 晚白垩世晚白垩世 4 扬堡/Yamburg 俄罗斯 西西伯 利亚 43 563 73 3 571 构造 砂岩 晚白垩世晚白垩世 5 扎波利亚尔/Zapolyarnoye 俄罗斯 西西伯 利亚 44 34 263 96 2 891 构造 砂岩 晚白垩世晚白垩世 6 哈西鲁迈勒/Hassi RMel 阿尔及利阿尔及利亚亚 古达米斯斯 8 28 322 544 2 826 构造 砂岩 晚三叠世晚三叠世 7 阿斯特拉罕/Astrakhan 俄罗斯 滨里海 25 383 640 2 678 礁礁 有孔虫灰岩 晚石炭世晚石
7、炭世 8 西北穹隆西北穹隆/Northwest Dome 卡塔尔 波斯湾 22 653 1 819 构造 碳酸盐岩岩 二叠纪 9 卡拉恰加纳克卡拉恰加纳克/Karachaganak 哈萨克斯哈萨克斯坦坦 滨里海 13 929 682 1 801 礁礁 珊瑚灰岩岩 晚石炭世晚石炭世 10 拉格萨费德/Rag-E-Safid 伊朗 扎格罗斯斯 421 16 965 1 783 构造 碳酸盐岩岩 中新世 世界10个最大气田基本特征Of all giant reserves,three-quarters are found in the Middle East,Latin America and As
8、ia-PacificOPEC countries account for just over halfOECD countries comprise only 15%of combined giant field reserves.Geographic Distribution of Reserves in Giant FieldsAlthough there are large variations in reserve estimates,giant fields contain at least 65%of the worlds proved reserves.Knowledge of
9、their tectonic setting,geologic history and conditions for hydrocarbon formation will contribute greatly to understanding the origin and future supply of the worlds hydrocarbons.Significance of Giant FieldsGeographic distribution PDF Global distribution of 945 giant oil fields plotted on topographic
10、-bathymetric world map.Yellow boxes indicate concentrations of giant oil fields shown in detailed figures.Alaska;Bass Strait/Australia/Tasmania;Rocky Mountain foreland;Permian and Anadarko basins;Gulf of Mexico;Northern South America;Southern California;Brazil;North Sea;North Africa;West Africa;West
11、 Siberia;Arabian Peninsula/Persian Gulf;Black Sea;Caspian Sea;Ural Mountains;Siberia;China;Sunda;NW Australia;area,GGF,Chinese GGFGlobal map of geologic age of the reservoirs in giant fields4 fields in ChinaMap of reservoir lithology in giant fields of the Eastern HemisphereMap of reservoir litholog
12、y in giant fields of North AmericaMap of reservoir lithology in giant fields of South AmericaAny differenceWhyGeographic distribution of petroleum reservoirs,sorted by lithologyGlobal map of trap types in giant fieldsMap of Giant Fields Categorized According to Years Since DiscoveryTectonic Setting
13、of Giant FieldsMann et al.,2003Distributions of Giant Fields Found in 1990s33155 mmbo 314.6 tcf(52433 mmboe)Middle East 26%(reserves)16%(field number)35%(reserves)46%(field number)Middle East 44%(reserves)20%(field number)21%(reserves)35%(field number)75203278(27%)151276427(35%)24254278(9%)93427(22%
14、)334(Halbouty,2001)trapsBrazil 1;Angola 7;GOM 2;Indonesia,Australia,NorwayPhilippines and Russia one each.Distributions of Giant Fields Found duirng 2000-2005I Global distribution of giant fieldsII Discovery trend and outlook of energy supplyIII Plate tectonics and Basin classificationIV Distributio
15、n of giant fields in differenttypes of basinsV SummaryLECTURE OUTLINE1.Discovery of giant fields peaked in 1960s and 1970s.2.Most of the giants fields discovered are in basins with known petroleum,indicating exploration potential in these basins.3.Few major new oil/gas basins have emerged.4.Deepwate
16、r giants contribute significantly to the giant field inventory全球21世纪发现的大油气田区域分布图33155 mmbo 314.6 tcf(89,083亿方)33155 mmbo 314.6 tcf(89,083亿方)远景资源量1086亿吨地质资源量765亿吨探明储量248亿吨待探资源量517亿吨可采资源量212亿吨探明可采储量70亿吨待探明可采资源量142亿吨剩余可采储量25亿吨全国石油资源评价结果远景资源量55.9万亿方地质资源量35万亿方探明储量4.4万亿方待探资源量30.6万亿方可采资源量22亿吨探明可采储量2.8万亿方待探
17、明可采资源量19.2万亿方剩余可采储量2.4万亿方全国天然气资源评价结果2、中国油气资源量、储量、产量115个盆地Distribution of Oil and Gas Fields in ChinaRed:oil fieldOrange:gas fieldOil is first found in the minds of men.Oil exploration is a dynamic art.Never say“never”.Never-Say-Never to Exploration AreasNew IdeasNew ToolsChangedEconomicsNew Discover
18、iesin Old AreasExploration strategies for senior managers of COC1.There are still giant fields to be discovered;2.Giant fields can be found in the following areas:mature basins:new idea(new plays,e.g.Penglai 19-3new idea+new technology,GOM sub-salt)mature basins:old idea but new technology(e.g.Qianm
19、iqiao)basin with low exploration maturity:play ideas in maturebasins(analogue),both new and old technologies.3.Reserves additions are largely from basins with known oil in USA.Producing basins should be remained as our main regions.Historical US Reserves(B bbls)Additions(McCable,AAPG,11/1998)Future
20、exploration areas and plays?Large resource base,bright exploration futureBy end of 2005,6,963 million tonnes of oil in place had been proven.The discovery maturity is around 33%and the exploration maturity is moderate.Oil exploration potential is considered to be significant.By the same year end,3.5
21、 TCM of gas in place had been proven.The discovery maturity is around 16%and the exploration is in the early to intermediate stages.Gas exploration potential is tremendous.a.Intra-continental foreland basins and mountain front thrust beltsb.Paleo-uplifts and their slopes in cratonic basinsc.Large scale stratigraphic and lithological playsd.Offshore areas?Exploration areas and plays
