1、章3.1变化率与导数3.1.2导数的概念1.了解导数概念的实际背景.2.会利用导数的定义求函数在某点处的导数.问题导学题型探究达标检测学习目标知识点一函数的瞬时变化率思考1物体的平均速度能否精确反映它的运动状态?问题导学 新知探究 点点落实答案不能,如高台跳水运动员相对于水面的高度h与起跳时间t的函数关系h(t)4.9t26.5t10,而运动员依然是运动状态.答案答案思考2平均变化率与瞬时变化率有何区别、联系?答案定义式实质瞬时变化率是当自变量的改变量趋近于0时,趋近的值作用刻画函数在 处变化的快慢平均变化率某一点知识点二导数的概念答案定义式记法 或y|实质函数yf(x)在xx0处的导数就是y
2、f(x)在xx0处的 1f(x0)瞬时变化率返回0 x x类型一瞬时速度解析答案题型探究 重点难点 个个击破反思与感悟例1将原油精炼为汽油、柴油、塑胶等各种不同产品,需要对原油进行冷却和加热.如果第x h时,原油的温度(单位:)为yf(x)x27x15(0 x8).计算第2 h和第6 h时,原油温度的瞬时变化率,并说明它们的意义.反思与感悟解在第2 h和第6 h时,原油温度的瞬时变化率就是f(2)和f(6).同理可得,f(6)5.在第2 h和第6 h时,原油温度的瞬时变化率分别为3与5.它说明在第2 h附近,原油温度大约以3/h的速率下降;在第6 h附近,原油温度大约以5/h的速率上升.反思与
3、感悟(1)本题中,f(x0)反映了原油温度在时刻x0附近的变化情况.(2)函数的平均变化率和瞬时变化率的关系:当x趋于0时,它所趋于的一个常数就是函数在x0处的瞬时变化率,即求函数的瞬时变化率是利用平均变化率“逐渐逼近”的方法求解.另外,它们都是用来刻画函数变化快慢的,它们的绝对值越大,函数变化得越快.解析答案解析答案说明此时运动员处于跳水运动中离水面的最高点处.类型二导数的概念解析答案例2利用导数的定义求函数f(x)x23x在x2处的导数.反思与感悟解由导数的定义知,函数在x2处的导数而f(2x)f(2)(2x)23(2x)(2232)(x)2x,反思与感悟求一个函数yf(x)在xx0处的导
4、数的步骤如下:(1)求函数值的变化量yf(x0 x)f(x0);反思与感悟跟踪训练2求函数y3x22x在x1处的导数.解析答案解y3(1x)22(1x)(31221)3(x)24x,返回解析答案达标检测 1.如果某物体的运动方程为s2(1t2)(s的单位为m,t的单位为s),那么其在1.2 s末的瞬时速度为()A.4.8 m/s B.0.88 m/sC.0.88 m/s D.4.8 m/s解析物体运动在1.2 s末的瞬时速度即为s在1.2处的导数,利用导数的定义即可求得.A解析答案2.作直线运动的一物体,其位移s与时间t的关系为s3tt2,t0,),则其初速度是()A.0 B.3 C.2 D.
5、32tB3.设f(x)ax4,若f(1)2,则a等于()A.2 B.2 C.3 D.不确定解析答案又f(1)2,所以a2,故选A.A解析答案4.一个物体的运动方程为s1tt2,其中s的单位是米,t的单位是秒,那么物体在3秒末的瞬时速度是()A.7米/秒 B.6米/秒C.5米/秒 D.8米/秒C利用导数定义求导数三步曲:(1)作差:求函数值的增量yf(x0 x)f(x0);返回规律与方法简记:一差,二比,三趋近.0limxx团Tiffany,a 16yearold girl,was very shy.Last September,her best frien“I was really sad t
6、he moment I heard the bad news and I didnt know what to do,”Tiffany recalled.“I shut myself in my room for a whole week.It was then that my aunt took me to a sports club one Saturday and I saw so many young people playing different kinds of sports there.I signed up for a beginners course in volleyba
7、ll and since then I have been playing this sport.Now I practice twice a week there.It is wonderful playing sports in this club and I have made lots of friends as well.2 ”The most basic aim of playing sports is that you can improve your health even if you are not very good at sports.Besides,you can g
8、et to know a circle of people at your age while playing sports.3 Since she joined the sports club,s I got used to the life here.And now I know lots of(5)_ here.For example,when I meet my friend on the street,I usually(6)_ him like this,“Hey,where are you going?”In our country if someone asks this,pe
9、ople may get(7)_ but in this country people wont.Of course,there are some other interesting things here.Ill tell you about them next time.he has opened up herself and now she has become very active and enjoys meeting and talking with others.1Its polite for girls to kiss each other on the side of the
10、 face.s also become more confident.团圆圆一家在台湾可受欢迎了。每天,小朋友们排着长队,等着跟它们合影留念。从“排着长队”体现出每天喜欢它们的人不计其数,特别受选D.A.根据同类项合并法则,与不是同类项,不能合并,故本选项错误;B.根据算术平方根的定义,=3,故本选项错误;C.根据同底数幂的乘法aa2=a3,故本选项错误;D.根据积的乘方,(2a3)2=4a6,故本选项正确.欢迎。从“合影留念”体现出大家都想和大熊猫留住最美丽的瞬间以作纪念。Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards.精品资料!感谢阅读下载!