1、避免中式英语,多余的名词 当一个名词的语义已经包括在句中另一个词的时候，这个名词应该予以删除。例如： 加快医疗改革的步伐 to accelerate / speed up the pace of medical reform ( Wrong) 分析：accelerate 或speed up 本身就包括了pace的意思。 改为：to accelerate / speed up the medical reform,这些困难只是暂时性质的。 These hardships are temporary in nature ( Wrong) 分析：暂时的是个形容词，形容词当然指的是性质。 改为：The
2、se hardships are temporary.,以实现医疗保险的普及 for the realization of popularization of medical care. ( Wrong) 分析：popularization 本身就有实现的意思，已经包含了realization的语义。 改为：for the popularization of medical care,汉语中有些名词后面跟着一个表示该名词所属范畴的另一名词。其实，这一表示范畴的词没有任何实际意义，所以在译成英文时应删除。 例如： 促进医疗改革事业的发展 to promote the development of
3、 the cause of the medical reform ( Wrong) 分析：cause 只是medical reform 所属的范畴（这谁都知道！） 改为：to promote the development of the medical reform,医患关系方面的改进 the improvement in the aspect of the medical-patient relationship ( Wrong) 改为：the improvement in the medical-patient relationship 医务人员收红包这一做法必须予以打击。 We shou
4、ld crack down on the practice of medical personnels accepting kickbacks. ( Wrong) 改为：We should crack down on accepting kickbacks by medical personnel.,多余的动词 a.在有些动词+名词的结构中，动词往的实际意义往往很弱，而真正要表达的意义就包括在名词中。例如：在make an improvement in our work中，make就没有什么实际的意义，而真正要表达的意义就是improve our work。不是说，前一个表达法就有不对。事实上
5、，就是native English speaker 也会出线这样的表达法。问题是，如果这种动词+名词的结构用得太多，句子就会显得无力，而直接使用动词，句子就有了生气。,广大干部要对自己的工作作风进行深刻的自查自纠。 All cadres should conduct an self-examination and rectification of their work style. 改为：All cadres should examine and rectify their own work style. 要对近年来日渐突出的医患矛盾的原因进行深入调查。 An in-depth investi
6、gation should be made of the causes of the medical-patient contradictions increasingly glaring over the recent years. 改为：Its necessary to thoroughly investigate the causes of the medical-patient contradictions increasingly glaring over the recent years.,实现医疗作风的转变 to accomplish the transformation of
7、the work style of medical workers 改为：to transform the work style of medical workers,多余的修饰语 修饰语的意义已包括在被修饰的词义中。这种情况在汉语中非常普遍，也是可以接受的，但是如果照搬到英文中，就成了累赘了。 例如： 不幸的悲剧 unfortunate tragedy 分析：难道tragedy 还有fortunate的吗？！ 改为：tragedy,随着该项目的最终完成 with the final completion of this project 分析：completion 已经包括了final 的意思
8、。 改为：with the completion of this project,近年来，我院进口了价值三亿余元的国外医疗设备。 Over the recent years, our hospital has imported more than three hundred billion Yuans worth of foreign medical equipment. 分析：import 的设备肯定是国外的。 改为：Over the recent years, our hospital has imported more than three hundred billion Yuans w
9、orth of medical equipment.,近年来，腐败猖獗是一个实实在在的事实。 Rampant corruption is a real / actual fact over the years. 分析：fact一定是real / actual的。否则，它就不能叫作fact。 改为：Rampant corruption is a fact over the years.,所有这些做规章制度和做法必须彻底废除。 All the rules, regulations and practices should be totally abolished. 分析：abolish 其实已包含
10、了totally的语义。 改为：All the rules, regulations and practices should be abolished.,医疗改革涉及到广大人民群众的根本利益。 The medical reform involves the fundamental interests of the broad masses of the people. 分析：the masses 就包括了 broad的语义, 不会有narrow的masses。The masses 也就是指people。 改为：The medical reform involves the fundament
11、al interests of the broad masses.,在全院医务工作者的共同努力下，我们成功地实现了我们的既定的目标。 With the concerted efforts of the all the staff members, we have successfully accomplished the set objective. 分析：accomplish 已包含successfully的意思。 改为：With the concerted efforts of the all the staff members, we have accomplished the set
12、objective.,我们要进一步完善老年社会保障和社会救助、为老服务、老龄事业、老年法制、老年精神文化、老年人社会参与等六大体系，推进老龄事业与经济社会协调发展，努力实现老有所养、老有所医、老有所学、老有所教、老有所为、老有所乐。,We should further perfect six systems of the social security, social assistance, aging services, legal system for aging population, spiritual culture for aging population and aging po
13、pulations participation in social affairs, promote the coordinated development of aging services and the economy and the society and strive to realize a society where aging population can enjoy daily help, where all aging people can enjoy medical care, where all aging people may enjoy learning, and
14、receive continuing education, where aging population can contribute to the society and where the aging population can have what they are interested in.,We should further perfect six systems of the social security, social assistance, aging services, legal system for aging population, spiritual cultur
15、e for aging population, and their participation in social affairs, and coordinate the development of aging services and the economy and the society, striving to realize a society where aging population can enjoy daily help and medical care, have access to learning and education, make their contribut
16、ion, and have what they are interested in.,We should further perfect six systems of the social security, social assistance, aging services, legal system for aging population, spiritual culture for aging population, and their participation in social affairs, and coordinate the development of aging se
17、rvices and the economy and the society, striving to realize a society where aging population can enjoy daily help, enjoy medical care, have access to learning and education, make their contribution, and have what they are interested in.,We should further perfect (perfect) six systems of the social s
18、ecurity, social assistance, aging services, legal system for aging population, spiritual culture for aging population, and their participation in social affairs, and coordinate the development of aging services and the economy and the society (the development of aging services and the economic and s
19、ocial development) striving to realize a society where aging population can enjoy daily help (can be provided for ) and medical care, have access to learning and education, make their contribution, and have what they are interested in (have interests to pursue).,修饰语本身空洞无实质意义。 汉语中那些无实质意义的修饰语，往往有两种情况：
20、一种是为强调所表达的意思及渲染气氛而习惯性所使用的一些华丽的词藻；另一种情况则往往是出于修辞的考虑。汉语讲究四平八稳、结构整齐，所以很多双音节都喜欢带上另一个双音节，而这个所带的另一个双音节往往并无实际意义。但如果按照汉语的行文方式译成英语，则会现得不合逻辑甚至荒唐。 热烈庆贺XXX大会胜利召开！ Congratulations on the Successful Convocation of the XXX Assembly. 分析：“胜利召开”在汉语中几乎已成了一种习惯性的说法，有“召开”必“胜利”。但是，如果照译文成英文successful convocation，就会让英语国家读者（听
21、众/观众）觉得荒谬，他们会想：一个会的召开也算是什么是胜利吗？ 改为：Congratulations on the Convocation of the XXX Assembly.,坚持弘扬和培育民族精神，切实加强医德医风建设，大力发展先进的医疗技术，积极推进医院文化建设，不断增强 We should continue to carry forward and foster the national spirit, promote the building of the work ethics and style in the medical circle, develop advanced
22、medical technologies, advance the hospital culture building, and strengthen,积极努力参与 make active efforts in participating. make efforts in participating,实行以集中采购为主： focusing mainly on concentrated procurement,focusing on concentrated procurement,认真贯彻：consciously implements 积极适应：seeks actively to meet 大
23、力推进改革：rigorously promote the reform 积极采取有效措施：has actively adopted effective measures,认真贯彻： implements 积极适应：seeks to meet 大力推进改革： promote the reform 积极采取有效措施：has adopted effective measures,我们要在本世纪头二十年，集中力量，全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，使经济更加发展，民主更加健全，科教更加进步，文化更加繁荣，社会更加和谐，人民生活更加殷实。 We need to concentrate on b
24、uilding a well-off society of a higher standard in an all-round way to the benefit of well over one billion people in this period. We will further develop the economy, improve democracy, advance science and education, enrich culture, foster social harmony and upgrade the texture of life for the peop
25、le.,坚持弘扬和培养民族精神，切实加强思想道德建设， 大力发展教育和科学事业，积极推进文化创新，不断增强中国特色社会主义文化的吸引力和感召力。 We should continue to carry forward and cultivate the national spirit, promote ideological and ethical progress, develop education and science, make cultural innovation and enhance the attraction and appeal of socialist culture
26、 with Chinese characteristics. 汉语措辞有时比较浮夸，英语不喜欢；汉语有时措辞甚至是空话，直接删除,我们要继续坚定不移地坚持以经济建设为中心。我们要继续坚定不移地推进改革开放。我们要继续坚定不移地保持社会稳定。我们要继续坚定不移地贯彻执行独立自主的和平外交政策。,Version 1: We will continue to unswervingly focus on economic development. We will continue to unswervingly press ahead with reform and opening-up. We wi
27、ll continue to unswervingly maintain social stability. We will continue to unswervingly carry out the independent foreign policy of peace.,Version 2: We will steadfastly focus on economic development, resolutely press ahead with reform and opening-up, persistently maintain social stability, and unsw
28、ervingly pursue the independent foreign policy of peace.,Version 3: We will unswervingly focus on economic development, press ahead with reform and opening-up, maintain social stability and pursue the independent foreign policy of peace.,翻译中的政治意识,推进决策科学化民主化 Put decision-making on a scientific and de
29、mocratic basis. 社会主义市场经济 socialist market economy 和平统一 peaceful unification,推进决策科学化民主化 Put decision-making on a more scientific and democratic basis. 社会主义市场经济 market economy 和平统一 peaceful reunification,中国大陆 mainland China 在中国，共产党是执政党，此外还有八个民主党派。 In China, the Communist Party is the party in power. B
30、esides, there are eight other democratic parties.,中国大陆 Chinas mainland; Chinese mainland; the mainland of China 在中国，共产党是执政党，此外还有八个民主党派。 In China, the Communist Party is the party in power. Besides, there are eight other political parties.,改革开放：opening-door policy or opening-up policy ? 形象工程 image /
31、prestige / faade / vanity project？,翻译中的社会文化意识,社会主义道德建设 全面建设小康社会 加快现代化建设步伐 加强社会主义法制建设 依法治国,社会主义道德建设 improving socialist morality 全面建设小康社会 Build a society in which people lead a fairly comfortable life 加快现代化建设步伐 Speed the modernization 加强社会主义法制建设 Strengthening the socialist legal system 依法治国 Rule the
32、country by law,形成广纳群贤、人尽其才、能上能下、充满活力的用人机制 1. to be ready to accept a higher or lower post 2. to get them prepared for both promotion and demotion,鼓励社会力量办学 Encourage non-governmental sectors to run schools Encourage social forces to run schools？,革命化、年轻化、知识化 Bring forth more younger, revolutionary, pr
33、ofessionally competent people ？ Promote ideologically sound and well-educated young people to leading posts Put revolutionary and well-educated young people at the leading posts？,讲学习，讲政治，讲正气 Pay adequate attention to study, political awareness and moral integrity Stress the need for study, political
34、 awareness and moral integrity,注意汉语华丽的措辞,在春意盎然，繁花似锦的日子里，我们十分高兴地迎来了亚奥理事会评估团的贵宾，这是广州人民期待已久的喜事。在此，我谨代表广州市政府和1000万市民，向远道而来的客人表示热烈的欢迎，并致以诚挚的问候！,At a time when spring is here and the flowers are at their best, we have the pleasure of welcoming the distinguished guests from OCA. This is a joyous occasion w
35、e have been looking forward to. Now allow me, on behalf of the municipal government and the ten million residents of the city, to extend to you, guests from afar, my warmest greetings.,另注意： 这是广州人民期待已久的喜事。 Joyous occasion Not: happy event,广州是一座非常美丽和充满动感的城市，2200多年的历史文化、风光旖旎的城市景观、热情好客的民俗风情，构成了一幅幅美丽的图画，
36、显示出无比的魅力。20世纪80年代中国改革开放以来，广州的经济社会获得了巨大的发展，城市综合经济实力居全国大城市第三位，城市环境面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化，焕发出勃勃生机。目前，广州经济发达繁荣，社会安定祥和，城市环境优美，居民生活富裕。 Guangzhou is a magnificent and dynamic city with a history of over 2200 years. The rich culture, beautiful scenes and hospitable citizens together give the city its unique charm. Si
37、nce China began its reform and opening-up in 1980s, Guangzhou has made great strides in its economic development, which now ranks the third among the countrys large cities in terms of comprehensive economic power. The physiognomy of the city has undergone thorough changes, manifesting the citys vigo
38、ur and potential. Our people are living a happy life in an environment featuring prosperity, peace, and stability,矗立在苏州新区的伊莎中心目前正在如火如荼地兴建。,矗立在苏州新区的伊莎中心目前正在如火如荼地兴建。 The Ever Success Center situated at the gate of Suzhou New District is under construction.,在改革开放政策指引下的中国，气象万千，充满活力，不断进步，这些我们都已经强烈地感受到了。,
39、在改革开放政策指引下的中国，气象万千，充满活力，不断进步，这些我们都已经强烈地感受到了。 We have acquired a keen sense of the diversity, dynamism and progress of China under the policy of reform and opening to the outside world.,过滤汉语原文重复信息,12月，全国人大常委会通过关于禁毒的决定，提出“三禁并举，堵源截流，严格执法，标本兼治”的禁毒工作方针。 In December, the NPC Standing Committee passes the
40、Decision on Prohibition of Narcotic Drugs, proposing a policy of “triple ban” (ban on smoking, trafficking and growing) to destroy the whole drug chain.,12月，全国人大常委会通过关于禁毒的决定，提出“三禁并举，堵源截流，严格执法，标本兼治”的禁毒工作方针。 In December, the NPC Standing Committee passes the Decision on Prohibition of Narcotic Drugs,
41、proposing a policy of “triple ban” (ban on smoking, trafficking and growing) to destroy the whole drug chain.,注意多个名词或多个形容词的词序,高新技术：new and high technology 钢铁工业：the iron and steel industry 中小学生：primary and high school students 男女老少：men and women, young and old 敌我矛盾：contradictions between ourselves an
42、d the enemy 三三两两：by twos and threes 个人得失：personal loss and gain 衣食住行：food, clothing, housing and travelling 救死扶伤：heal the wounded and rescue the dying,English: narrower range wider range less important more important weaker stronger Chinese: wider range narrower range more important less important s
43、tronger weaker,他们必须或者应当采取措施 They should or must take measures. 知识分子和青年学生 Students and intellectuals,受打击排斥或轻视 Be slighted, pushed aside or attacked 无地和少地的农民 Peasants who had little or no land 丰收年多积累一点，灾荒年或半灾荒年就不积累或少积累一点。 Accumulate more in good years and less or none in years when the crops half fail
44、 or totally fail.,多个形容词做定语的排序问题,首位：限定词（a the this my some three ) 中位：主观判断词 （性质特征大小 形状新旧 颜色） 后位：客观描述词 （来源物质材料 动名词） 被修饰的名词中心词,A very valuable old gold watch A high red brick wall Her small round pink face This petty purple dress Quite an attractive triangular green British stamp A large green Chinese
45、carpet My three lovely small round green wooden tea tables.,汉语不习惯一个名词前带太多的修饰语,A little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar. 一个要饭的，身材矮小，面色苍黄，衣衫褴褛，腿瘸着，满脸胡子。,She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of her own.,She had such a kindly, smiling, tender, gentle, generous heart of h
46、er own. 她心地厚道，为人乐观，性情温柔，待人和蔼，气量又大。,She was an intelligent attractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of a well-off doctor in Haddington.,She was an intelligent attractive and somewhat temperamental daughter of a well-off doctor in Haddington. 她是哈丁顿一位富裕医生的女儿，有才华，又迷人，但有点脾气。 她是哈丁顿一位富裕医生的女儿，有才华，有魅力，
47、但也有点脾气。（我译）,专名的英译,1. 人名： 钱先生周岁时“抓周”，抓了一本书，因此得名“钟书”。 When Qian was just one year old, he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others., he picked up a book of all things. Thereupon his father very gladly gave him the name: Zhongshu (book lover),孔子 Confucious 孟子 Mencious 老子 Lao-tzu,徐霞
48、客，名宏祖，字振之，号霞客，又号霞逸，江阴（今江苏）人。他的好友陈继儒因他酷爱旅行，经常餐霞宿露与山林野泽之间，为他取名“霞客”。 Xu Xiake, whose given name is “Hongzu” and who styled himself as “Zhenzi”, “Xiake” and “Xiayi”, was a native a Jiangyin (present Jiangsu Province). As he was very interested in travelling and liked to spend the night outdoors to savor
49、 the dew and enjoy the first morning rays, his friend Chen Jiru named him “Xiake”, the guest of the morning ray.,2. 地名 植物园 botanical garden 博物馆 museum / memorial museum 故居 former residence 展览馆/陈列馆 exhibition hall 陈列室 exhibition / display room,殿、堂 hall (太和殿 Hall of Supreme Harmony; 文华殿 Literary Glory Hall; 武英殿 Military Eminence Hall) 宫 palace (东六宫 the East Six Palaces) 寺 temple 亭、阁 pavilion 塔 pagoda ; dagoba 牌楼 memorial archway 礼品店 gift shop 纪念品商店 souvenir shop,3. 书名、片名 直译：中国总工程师指南A Guide
