1、 Learning About Language1._ a part of the body that has a particular purpose,such as the heart or the brain2._ a chemical,usually a liquid,that has a pH of less than seven3._ one thousandth of a meter4._ energy sent out in waves5._ material used for making cloth,curtains,etc.6._ a person who has bee
2、n attacked,injured,or killedP52 1.Write a word you have learnt in this unit before each definition.organacidmillimeterradiation/raysfabricvictimP52 2.Choose the right word(s)from A-C to complete each short conversation.1.A:The price for this car?Fifteen thousand dollars out the door!What a deal!B:We
3、ll,if the car hadnt been in an accident,that would be a good price,but it has a few _ problems.A.slight B.minor C.tiny2.A:Ouch!My leg really hurts!B:Why dont you take some medicine to _ the pain?A.reduce B.relax C.easeA/BA/C3.A:Have you treated any real emergencies in your first-aid course at the Re
4、d Cross?B:Well,they let us ride along with some paramedics.Once,we gave first aid to a _ of a traffic accident before rushing him to the hospital.A.victim B.patient C.sufferer4.A:Did you hear that three people died in a fire last night?B:What a terrible _!How did it happen A.accident B.incident C.oc
5、casion5.A:Can I see you for a moment?B:Is it a matter of _?A.urgency B.emergency C.seriousnessAAAP52 3.Read the passage about chemical burns and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.incident,loose,urgent,organ,acid,victimA chemical burn occurs when your skin or eyes come
6、 into contact with an _ or other chemicals.Such _ can be very dangerous and require _ attention.Chemical burns can even affect your internal _ if the chemicals are swallowed.First aid should be given to chemical burns immediately.For example,wrap the burnt area _ with a clean cloth if possible.It is
7、 important to send the _ to the hospital right away if he or she is severely burnt.acidincidentsurgentincident,loose,urgent,organ,acid,victimorganslooselyvictimDiscovering Useful StructuresGrammar 1As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.2The first and most important step
8、in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.3It is best to place burns under cool running water，especially within the first ten minutes.4.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary,unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.5You can protect the burnt area by covering it with a loose
9、clean cloth.复习动词复习动词-ing形式形式 作主语作宾语作表语作定语作宾语补足语作状语一、动词一、动词ing 形式形式的结构的结构主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态肯定式肯定式否定式否定式肯定式肯定式否定式否定式一般式一般式doing完成式完成式 not doing being donenot being donehaving donenot having donehaving been donenot having been done动词动词-ing -ing 形式的特点：表形式的特点：表_；在句中做在句中做_。主动、进行主动、进行主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补主语、宾语、表
10、语、定语、状语和宾补形式形式意义意义doinghaving donedonebeing donehaving been done主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生主动，与主句谓语动词同时或基本同时发生主动，先于谓语动词发生主动，先于谓语动词发生被动被动被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首被动，正在进行，一般作原因状语放句首被动，先于谓语动词发生被动，先于谓语动词发生红令担塘秩已蝶徽采碉玲喷殉句庐格秩块储稳根浴疡哺箱替狸爸衡佐漱宇非谓语动词做状语93842非谓语动词做状语93842非谓语做主语非谓语做主语1._(smoke)is not a good habit.mistake.2._(sm
11、oke)here is dangerous.3._(eat)too much fat is no good.4.It was a waste of time _(read)that book.5.It is very kind of you _(say)so.6.It is important for us _(learn)English well.SmokingEatingTo smokereadingto say to learn to do 特指的、具体某次或未来动作特指的、具体某次或未来动作doing表示经常性习惯性表示经常性习惯性,泛指或抽象性的动作泛指或抽象性的动作常用常用-ing
12、形式作主语的句型有：形式作主语的句型有：It+be+a waste of time doing 做做是浪费时间的是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做做是没益是没益/用处的用处的It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的There is/was no point doing 干干无意义无意义归纳归纳三、动词三、动词inging形式作宾语形式作宾语1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语动词【观察思考】He admitted referring to his notes in the exam.She cant st
13、and being looked down upon in public.He insisted on doing it in his own way.【探究总结】(1)常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词有：（口诀）避免错过少延期避免错过少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)建议完成多练习建议完成多练习(advise/suggest，finish，practise)喜欢想象禁不住喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，cant help)承认否定与嫉妒承认否定与嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)逃避冒险莫原谅逃避冒险莫原谅(escape，risk，excuse)忍受保持不介意忍
14、受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)(2)常见常见to作介词的短语：作介词的短语：献身于献身于 devote oneself to期待做某事期待做某事 look forward to反对反对 object to 习惯于习惯于 be used/accustomed to导致导致 lead to坚持坚持 insist on/stick to注意注意 pay attention to着手做某事着手做某事 get down to做某事的方法做某事的方法 the approach to doing【即学即练】【即学即练】1.)Would you mind (open)the window?2.
15、)He tried to avoid (blame)by his teacher.3.)Im looking forward to your (come)next ing opening being blamed3.接接-ing形式做宾语与接不定式作宾语均可形式做宾语与接不定式作宾语均可,但含义完全不同的动词但含义完全不同的动词:记得做了记得做了记住要做记住要做忘记做了忘记做了忘记要做忘记要做后悔做了后悔做了遗憾要做遗憾要做意味着意味着打算做打算做停止做停止做停下来做停下来做情不自禁做某事情不自禁做某事/忍不住做忍不住做继续干同一件事继续干同一件事接着干另一件事接着干另一件事 remember
16、 doing remember to do forget doing forget to do regret doing regret to do mean doing mean to do stop doing stop to do cant help doing cant help but do go on doing go on to doregret to say/tell/inform(sb)that 试着做某事试着做某事尽力做某事尽力做某事try doing try to do4.need/want/require作作“需要需要”解时，其后必须用解时，其后必须用-ing的主动形式表
17、示被动含义。的主动形式表示被动含义。need/want/require doing =need/want/require to be doneHey,boy!Your face needs washing/to be washedbe worth doing 非谓语做非谓语做宾语1.I had no choice but _(watch)TV.2.Do you think it necessary _(learn)English？3.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of _(die)early by ru
18、nning.4.This included digging up the road,_(lay)the track and then building a strong roof.dyingto watch to learnlaying三、现在分词作状语的用法三、现在分词作状语的用法现在分词现在分词(短语短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。1.作时间状语作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句相当于一个时间状语从句)。Walking i
19、n the park，she saw an old friend.When/While(she was)walking in the park，she saw an old friend.当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。注意：当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上注意：当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。也可理解为状语从句的省略。2.作原因状语作原因状语(一般可转换成由一般可转换成由as或或because引导的原因状语从句引导的原因状语从句)Being ill，he
20、couldnt go to school.As he was ill，he couldnt go to school.因为生病了，他无法去上学。因为生病了，他无法去上学。3.作条件状语作条件状语(一般放在句首一般放在句首，可转换成由可转换成由if，unless等等连词连词引导的条件状语引导的条件状语从句从句)Working hard，youll make great progress.If you work hard，youll make great progress.如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。4.作结果状语作结果状语现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末
21、，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。然、意料之中的结果。The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment，allowing more patients to be treated.这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。注意：现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其注意：现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个
22、句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不。而不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较。试比较：He was caught in the rain，thus making himself catch a cold.被被雨淋后他感冒了雨淋后他感冒了。I hurried to school，only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5.作让步、方式和伴随状语作让步、方式和伴随状
23、语现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book.Mary sat by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。1._ the course diffic
24、ult,she decided to move to a lower level.find2._ in the street,I came across an old friend of mine.walk3._ the news,she burst into tears.hear4._ in the early 20th century,the school still looks still in a good shape.found5._ in English,the book is easy to read.write FindingWalkingHearingWritten-ing表
25、示和主语表示和主语主动关系主动关系-ed表示表示和主语和主语被动被动关系关系Founded6._ afraid,she keeps looking around.feel7._ many times,he finally understood it.tell 8._ the homework,she left the classroom and went to the playground.finish9._ the homework,she had to stay in the classroom.not finishHaving been toldFeelingHaving finishe
26、dNot having finished-ing表示和句子的谓语动词（几乎）同时发生，或之后表示和句子的谓语动词（几乎）同时发生，或之后having done表示表示先于先于谓语动词发生谓语动词发生作结果状语：作结果状语：(意料中的结果意料中的结果)The hunters fired,_(shoot)one of the wolves.The bus was held up by the snowstorm,thus _(cause)the delay.区别区别:不定式表示意外的结果不定式表示意外的结果 He hurried to the station,only _(find)the tra
27、in had left.作让步状语作让步状语：Though it heavily rained heavily,it cleared up very soon.=_,it cleared up very soon.Though _(tell)of the danger,he still risked his life to save the boy.shootingcausingto findRaining heavilytold 四、动词、动词-ing形式作形式作表语表语，说明主语，说明主语_。eg Our job is playing all kinds of music.=Playing
28、 all kinds of music is our job.The music they are playing sounds so exciting.动词动词-ing形式表名词的形式表名词的特性特性，主语和表语，主语和表语可以互换可以互换。动词动词-ing形式有形容词的特性形式有形容词的特性，表示主语的性质和，表示主语的性质和特征，特征，主语和表语主语和表语不可不可互换互换。性质、状态或内容性质、状态或内容注意：注意：1.不定式和动词不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但形式也可作表语，但不定式不定式通常通常强强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，动词，动词
29、-ed形式则表示形式则表示被动、完成含义被动、完成含义。2.动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。语的内容。Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.她她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。1.My job is _(promote)the new product.2.My dream is _(be)a doct
30、or3.His job is _(collect)folk songs.4.The spy story was _(thrill).5.He was _(thrill)at the idea.非谓语做表语非谓语做表语to promote/promotingto beto collect/collectingthrillingthrilledto do 说明主语内容，具体、特定、未来说明主语内容，具体、特定、未来doing 说明主语内容，一般或习惯说明主语内容，一般或习惯doing adj.说明主语的特征，令人说明主语的特征，令人的的done adj.说明主语的感受或状态，感到说明主语的感受或状
31、态，感到的的【探究总结】【探究总结】(1)(1)动词动词-ing-ing形式作定语置于名词前有两种情况：一种是表形式作定语置于名词前有两种情况：一种是表示被修饰名词的某种示被修饰名词的某种 ，另一种是表示被修饰，另一种是表示被修饰名词名词 的状态或动作。的状态或动作。(2)(2)动词动词-ing-ing短语作定语时要在所修饰名词的短语作定语时要在所修饰名词的 。【观察思考】【观察思考】No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.Can you see the swimming pool?The girl swimming there
32、 is his daughter.五、动词五、动词ing形式作形式作定语定语后面后面 正在进行正在进行 性能或用途性能或用途 注意：现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：注意：现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。不定式表示动作尚未发生。You should adapt to the changing situation.你应该适应不断变化的形势。你应该适应不断变化的形势。The ground is covered with fal
33、len leaves.地上满是落叶。地上满是落叶。Im looking for a room to live in.我正在找房子住。我正在找房子住。非谓语做定语非谓语做定语1.They gave him some money _(buy)food.2.I hope you can have a good _(wash)machine.3.The boy _(stand)there now is my brother.4.The meeting _(hold)tomorrow will be of great importance.5.The meeting _(hold)in our clas
34、sroom yesterday lasted two hours.6.The meeting _(hold)now is of great importance.to buy washingstandingto be heldheldbeing held 六、动词六、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 I felt somebody standing behind me.I saw the little boy crying there.I heard her locking the door.We kept the fire burning all night long.I won
35、t have you running about in the room.【探究总结】【探究总结】(1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语短语)(see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等等)后面的宾语和后面的宾语和宾语补足语之间表示宾语补足语之间表示 、的动作或经常存在的状态，的动作或经常存在的状态，用用 作宾语补足语。作宾语补足语。(2)表示指使意义的使役动词表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有常见的有have，let，keep，get，leave等等)，接动词接动词-ing作宾语补足语表示作
36、宾语补足语表示“”。主动主动 正在进行正在进行 V V-ing-ing形式形式 让一直做某事 观观察察思思考考【即学即练】【即学即练】1.)When he passed the swimming pool，he saw someone (swim)in it.2.)I heard Mary (sing)in the next room.3.)Please dont keep the little boy (stay)alone.staying singing swimming .单句语法填空单句语法填空1.On a sunny day，after lunch，she sat there，(re
37、ad)a novel.2.(not know)where to go，she went to the police for help.3.There was a terrible noise (follow)the sudden burst of light.4.(judge)from her letters，mother seems to be feeling a lot better.5.(live)in Beijing for many years，Carter knew the city well.6.Whether you like it or not，(travel)is inte
38、resting as well as tiring.7.Though she has little education，she insists on her son (go)to college.达 标 检 测readingNot knowingfollowingJudgingHaving livedtravellinggoing8.The teacher told the students to stop _ (write)and _ (listen)to him.9.They were very (excite)at the news that someone would lend the
39、m money.10.Dont have the students (study)all day，which will reduce their interest in study.writingto listenexcitedstudyingReplace each underlined part with a suitable-ing form and rewrite the sentence as necessary.Work with a partner and summarise the different structures of the-ing form.When is eac
40、h one used?1.When he got out of the bathtub,he slipped and fell on the floor.When getting out of the bathtub,he slipped and fell on the floor.vi.滑到；滑落；溜走n.浴缸；浴盆2.Is there any reason why we are not going to have the first-aid training this week?3.She had been told about the risk of electric shocks an
41、d this made he very careful while using hairdryers.Is there any reason for not having the first-aid training this week?Having been told about the risk of electric shocks,she was very careful while using hairdryers.4.Because the child was not watched carefully by his parents,he touched a hot iron and
42、 burnt his finger.5.After she had been bitten by mosquitoes,she applied some medicine to her skin.Not being watched carefully by his parents,the child touched a hot iron and burnt his finger.After being/Having been bitten by mosquitoes,she applied some medicine to her skin.n.蚊子Complete the passage w
43、ith the correct forms of the given words.What happened to Mrs Tayor?Mrs Taylor was an elderly woman _(live)alone.One day,she was in her living room cleaning the windows,when suddenly she could no longer feel the right side of her body._(try)to walk to her sofa to sit down,she fell over onto the carp
44、et.Then she realised that she could not get up,and that she was having troule _(breathe).livingTryingbreathingadj.年纪较大的；上了年纪的n.地毯Fortunately,she had her mobile phone with her,and she was able to reach it with her left hand while _(lie)on the floor.Her mobile phone _(already,set up)to call an emergen
45、cy number at the push of a button,so it was easy to call for help.While attempting to talk to the operator(n.电话接线员；电话接线员；操作员操作员),Mrs Tayor discovered that she could not speak._(not,hear)an answer,the operator knew that Mrs Tayor must be in trouble.Telling Mrs Tayor that everything would be OK,lyingw
46、as already set upNot hearingshe immediately sent an ambulance.After _(arrive),the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Tayor and without delay gave he oxygen,put in an IV needle,and checked her vital signs._(take)to the hospital and treated immediately,Mrs Tayors health was in no great danger,though she had to stay in the hospital ward.After a week,her _(frighten)experience was over,and she was allowed to go home.arrivingHaving been takenfrighteningn.救护车vi.&vt.推迟；延期n.病房
