1、Discovering Useful Structures1.Identify and analyze the usage of the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice.2.Master the usage of the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice through self-study and practice.3.Use the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice t
2、o express your ideas.b.They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.a.The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.Look and SayQ:In sentence(a),which action happened first,“set up”or“was published”?Q:In sentence(b),which action happened first,“fi
3、nished”or“joined”?present past future earlier past had set upwas publishedhad finishedjoinedPast perfect:had done1.The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.2.They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.Observe and analyze A new farm-to-table
4、 restaurant _ by the chef before his new cookbook was published.had been set upTheir dinner _ by the time Sam joined them.had been finishedThe past perfects structure“had done”indicates_Summary 1 the action happened before a certain past action.Task 1 Find more sentences using the past perfect tense
5、 and the past perfect passive voice from this unit.The past perfect tenseThe past perfect passive voice(1)When my family and I had just arrived in China,we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing.(2)so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.(1)Prior to com
6、ing to China,my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America,with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.(2)A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend,and finally,we found it.Summary 2过去完成时的基本用法过去完成时的基本用法 Before we got to the train station,the train had al
7、ready left.我们到达火车站之前，火车就已经离开了。By the end of last term,we had learnt 2,000 English words.到上学期期末为止，我们已经学习了2,000个英语单词了。They had lived there for ten years by then.到那时为止，他们已经在那住了10年了。1.表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。2.表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作，表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一个时间的动作，常用的
8、时间状语有常用的时间状语有by then,by the end of,by the time。Summary 2过去完成时的基本用法过去完成时的基本用法 I had intended to meet him at the airport,but I had an important meeting to attend.我本打算去机场接他，但是我有个重要的会议要参加。I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I was not able to get away.我原打算今年去度假，可是我离不开。3.表示愿望、打算等的动词，如表示愿望、打算等的动词，如
9、hope,want,expect,think,mean,suppose,intend,plan等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打等后接从句时，一般用过去完成时表示本打算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。算实现而未实现的愿望和计划。arrive cancel eat finish get taste tellTask 2 Complete the two conversations with the correct forms of the words in the box using the past perfect tense or the past perfect passive voice.
10、1.Carol:_ you ever _any Scottish food before your trip to St Andrews last year?Paul:No,not really.But I _ about haggis many times before we went there.Carol:Oh Did you try it?Paul:Oh,yes You know what?We_ late for supper that day,and so we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen.We_ our
11、 meal before we learnt we _ just _ haggis!Carol:My goodness!Paul:Well,it was not bad.I have to say2.Carol:When I got to the teahouse yesterday,I found nobody there._ it _?Paul:Oh,Im so sorry that I forgot to tell you!The get-together was cancelled yesterday morning because Sally,the hostess,_ into a
12、 car accident.Carol:Oh,Im sorry to hear that.Hope Sally recovers soon!tastedhad been toldhad arrivedhad finishedhadeatenbeen canceledHadhad gotHad Summary 3过去完成时用常用固定句型过去完成时用常用固定句型 It was the first time that I had visited the Great Wall.这是我第一次参观长城。It was three years since he had joined the army.他参军三
13、年了。1)It/That was+the first/second+time+that从句，从句谓语常从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。用过去完成时。2)It was+一段时间一段时间+since从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。从句，从句谓语用过去完成时。Summary 3过去完成时用常用固定句型过去完成时用常用固定句型 Hardly had he got into his big office when the telephone rang.他刚进入他的大办公室,电话铃响了。No sooner had he arrived than he was asked to leave again.他刚到就又
14、被要求离开。3)在句型在句型Hardly/Scarcelywhen和和 No soonerthan中，主中，主句常用过去完成时句常用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时，表示从句用一般过去时，表示“一一就就”。Situation 1When I set off for the cafeteria.Situation 2Before he went into the chocolate factory.Situation 3By the time I arrived at the“insect”party.I had finished my homeworkI had ordered a taxi th
15、e windows had been closedthe light had been switched off drunk.eaten.given many.make sick collected in.fried up for.escaped scatteredTask3 Work in pairs and make a conversation using these sentences.One possible conversationA:So how did the insect party go?B:Oh,it was horrible.A:Why?What happened?B:
16、Well,by the time I got there,the insects had all escaped and they had scattered everywhere in the room.A:Oh,no!So what did you do?B:We chased the insects down and before long they had all been collected in a bottle.A:Then you cooked them?B:Yes,before long,they had been fried up for eating.But then t
17、hey had a another big problem.A:What?One possible conversationB:Well,after we had rounded up all the insects,we were all so tired and disgusted with handling them that no one wanted to eat them.A:So much for the insect party!B:But it had a happy ending.We ordered out for pizza and then sat down and
18、watched a cool movie on the computer.A:Sounds great!Summary 4过去完成时被动语态的基本用法过去完成时被动语态的基本用法(1)By the time he got to the school,the first period had been finished.(2)The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came.(1)They said the production costs had been reduced.(2)The boy was reminded that
19、his homework had not been handed in.1.表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作,常与常与by,before等引导等引导的时间状语连用。的时间状语连用。2.在在 told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。Summary 4过去完成时被动语态的基本用法过去完成时被动语态的基本用法(1)As the assignment had been done,he went on to search th
20、e Internet.(2)He did what he had been told to.3.3.根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。1.After being discovered by Dutch explorers in 1606，the eastern half of Australia _(claim)by the British in 1770.2.His sister left home in 1998，and _ ever since.3.She returned home and found all her
21、 furniture _(ruin)by the flood.4.This Monday morning I was informed I _ as one of three exchange students from our college.I.Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.has been claimedhad not been heard ofPracticehad been ruinedhad been chosen 5.Arthur was surprised when
22、he _(arrive)home because the tornado _(take)the feathers off his chickens.6.We _(leave)the house when the thunderstorm _(finish).7.He _(try)to drive back to his home before the flood _(pass)through the village.arrivedhad takenlefthad finishedhad triedpassed8.It didnt tum out as I_(wish).9.He hung th
23、em above the same table he_(move)from Turin.10.His son,age 15,who_(take)an art appreciation class,thought that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.11.A flood_(hit)the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds.h
24、ad wishedhad movedhad takenhad hit 12.I_(hope)to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage,but I couldnt manage it.13.A few months after he_(arrive)in China,Mr.Smith fell in love with the people and culture there.14.Amy,as well as her brothers,_(give)a warm welcome before they uttered.15.Our hosts _(share)many of their experiences and after that they recommended wonderful places to eat,shop and visit.had hopedhad arrivedhad been givenhad shared
